Gagik I of Vaspurakan

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Gagik I Artsruni
King of Vaspurakan
File:Van-akdam (7).jpg
Depiction of Gagik in the central medallion, from the eastern facade of the Church of the Holy Cross
Reign 904–937/943
Investiture 908
Predecessor Ashot-Sargis Artsruni
Successor Derenik-Ashot
Born 879/880
Died 936 or 943
Issue Derenik-Ashot, Abusahl-Hamazasp
Armenian Գագիկ Ա Արծրունի
House Artsruni

Gagik I Artsruni (Armenian: Գագիկ Ա Արծրունի; 879/880 – 936/943) was an Artsruni ruler of Vaspurakan in southern Armenia, first as prince of northwestern Vaspurakan (Gagik III, 904–908) and after that until his death as king, claiming also the title of "King of Armenia" from the Bagratid line.

Background

Since the end of the seventh century, Armenia was under Arab dominion and headed by an ostikan (governor) representing the Umayyad, and later Abbasid caliphates,[1] and was the scene of numerous battles against the Byzantine Empire since the ninth century.[2] To strengthen the Arab authority, these ostikans were implanted into various regions of Armenian emirs; the historical province of Vaspurakan was no exception to this.[3] In opposition, the Armenian nobility created ishkhans (princes) to gradually extend their authority in the region.[4][5]

Biography

Youth and regency

Second son of Grigor-Derenik Artsruni, the Prince of Vaspurakan, and Sophia Bagratuni, the daughter of King Ashot I of Armenia, Gagik was born in 879 or 880.[6] Upon the death of Grigor-Derenik in 887, Gagik Apumrvan Artsruni became regent of Vaspurakan (and later ishksan) and was given Grigor-Derenik's three children Gagik, Ashot-Sargis, and Gurgen.[7] In response to Gagik Apumrvan Artsruni's defection in a military operation ordered by Smbat I, Gagik I Artsruni killed Gagik Apumrvan Artsruni and Ashot-Sargis was given the regency.[8] In response to this, Smbat I promoted Gagik to the rank of general and Gurgen to marzpan (governor).[9]

Ishkhan

Gagik succeeded his elder brother Ashot-Sargis as ishkhan in 904[10] and allowed Gourgen to rule over the southeastern possessions of the Artsruni family; both worked well together until the death of Gurgen in 923.[11] After various rebel attacks,[12] Gagik developed a talent for creating military and political strategies and worked towards decreasing the number of Muslim enclaves of Vaspurakan.[13]

King

Gagik was an ally of the Sajid emir of Azerbaijan Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj, from whom he received recognition as king in 908, against the Bagratid Smbat I.[14] His state was recognized by the Byzantine Empire, who awarded him the title of "prince of princes" traditionally borne by the pre-eminent Armenian ruler, and his legitimacy received a further boost when the Armenian catholicos, John V the Historian, abandoned Muslim-ruled Dvin for Vaspurakan in 924. However, Gagik later reversed his position and allied himself with Smbat's son and successor, Ashot II. He is also notable as the founder of the Armenian Cathedral of the Holy Cross.[13]

References

  1. Martin-Hisard 1982, p. 223.
  2. Martin-Hisard 1982, p. 231.
  3. Martin-Hisard 1982, p. 232.
  4. Martin-Hisard 1982, p. 233.
  5. Martin-Hisard 1982, p. 234.
  6. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. Toumanoff 1990, pp. 102-103.
  8. Thierry 1982, p. 275.
  9. Jones 2007, p. 23.
  10. Thierry 1982, p. 276.
  11. Grousset 1947, p. 422.
  12. Grousset 1947, p. 423.
  13. 13.0 13.1 Jones, p. 115.
  14. Grousset 1947, p. 433.

Bibliography

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Regnal titles
New title King of Vaspurakan
908–937/943
Succeeded by
Derenik-Ashot
Preceded by Prince of northwest Vaspurakan
904–908
Crowned as king