Gaston Calmette

Gaston Calmette
Gaston Calmette in 1889
Born	(1858-06-30)June 30, 1858 Montpellier, France
Died	Paris, France
Cause of death	Shot by Henriette Caillaux
Resting place	Cimetière des Batignolles, (Batignolles Cemetery), Paris
Nationality	French
Occupation	Journalist and editor
Employer	Le Figaro
Relatives	Albert Calmette (brother)

Gaston Calmette (30 July 1858 in Montpellier, France – 16 March 1914, Paris, France) was a French journalist and newspaper editor.

Biography

He was educated at Nice, Bordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand and Mâcon, and afterwards entered journalism. In 1884 he joined the staff of Le Figaro, and in 1894 became its editor. In January 1914, Calmette launched a campaign against Minister of Finance Joseph Caillaux, who had introduced progressive taxation and was known for his pacifist stance towards Germany during the Second Moroccan Crisis, in 1911. Almost every day Le Figaro produced evidence of a damaging sort against the minister with the object of proving that he used his official position to facilitate speculation on the Paris Bourse. The attitude of Caillaux in the Rochette case of 1911, in which it was alleged by Le Figaro that the director of public prosecutions had been influenced by the ministry to delay the course of justice, was brought forward, and a newspaper campaign of extraordinary violence was the result. Caillaux was urged by some of his colleagues to take legal proceedings against his accusers, but declined.

Assassination

The cover of Le Petit Journal illustrating the assassination of Gaston Calmette by Henriette Caillaux

At 6pm on 16 March 1914, he entered the offices of Le Figaro in the company of his friend, the novelist Paul Bourget. Caillaux's second wife Henriette was waiting for him, wearing a fur coat and with her hands in a fur muff. To Bourget's surprise, Calmette agreed to see her in his office.

There, Madame Caillaux exchanged a few words with him, then pulled out a .32 Browning automatic pistol she had been concealing within the muff and fired six shots. Calmette was hit four times and was critically wounded, dying six hours later. Caillaux made no attempt to escape and newspaper workers in adjoining offices quickly summoned a doctor and the police. She refused to be transported to the police headquarters in a police van, insisting on being driven there by her chauffeur in her own car, which was still parked outside. The police agreed to this and she was formally charged upon reaching the headquarters.

During the campaign against Joseph Caillaux, which was orchestrated by Louis Barthou and Raymond Poincaré, Le Figaro published several letters from the Minister's private correspondence. Madame Caillaux's motive was fear that the newspaper would also make public a love letter that showed how her husband was already having a relationship with her during his first marriage.

Joseph Caillaux had to resign his post the next day, but during a spectacular trial later that year his wife was acquitted.

Other interests

Calmette was well known for his interest in art, and possessed a fine collection of caricatures and engravings of the First Empire.

Popular culture

Robert Delaunay used an illustration of the assassination as the basis for his 1914 painting Political Drama.

Marcel Proust dedicated Swann's Way, the first volume of his novel In Search of Lost Time, to Calmette 'as a testimony of deep and affectionate recognition'.

Calmette was the brother of the bacteriologist Albert Calmette.

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: 

Bibliography

• Berenson, Edward The Trial of Madame Caillaux (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, c1992, 1993). ISBN 0-520-08428-4
• Kershaw, Alister Murder in France (London: Constable & Company, Ltd., 1955), 90-117.

External links

• (French) Biography
• (French) Mme Caillaux tire sur Gaston Calmette
• (French) Une épouse outragée