Gastrodia

Gastrodia
File:Gastrodia elata 1.JPG
Gastrodia elata in bloom
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Epidendroideae
Tribe:	Gastrodieae
Subtribe:	Gastrodiinae
Genus:	Gastrodia R. Br.
Synonyms
Gamoplexis Falc. Epiphanes Blume Neoclemensia Carr Demorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.

Gastrodia is a genus of achlorophyllous orchid with 61 currently accepted species (as of June 2014). They are native to Asia (China, the Russian Far East, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, the Indian Subcontinent), Australia, New Zealand, central Africa, and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Gastrodia elata is a traditional Chinese herb, Tian Ma (Chinese: 天麻)， and is commonly used in China to treat hypertension, improve circulation and resolve headaches.

Species

Species accepted as of June 2014:

1. Gastrodia abscondita - Java
2. Gastrodia africana - Cameroon
3. Gastrodia albida - Taiwan
4. Gastrodia albidoides - Yunnan
5. Gastrodia angusta - Yunnan
6. Gastrodia arunachalensis - Arunachal Pradesh
7. Gastrodia ballii P.J.Cribb & Browning - Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique
8. Gastrodia boninensis - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands of Japan)
9. Gastrodia callosa - Java, Taiwan
10. Gastrodia celebica - Sulawesi
11. Gastrodia clausa - Taiwan, Okinawa
12. Gastrodia confusa - Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands
13. Gastrodia confusoides - Taiwan
14. Gastrodia crassisepala - New Guinea
15. Gastrodia crebriflora - Queensland
16. Gastrodia crispa - Java
17. Gastrodia cunninghamii - Vanuatu, New Zealand (including Chatham Island)
18. Gastrodia dyeriana - Sikkim, Darjiling
19. Gastrodia effusa -Sabah, Peninsular Malaysia
20. Gastrodia elata - much of China (including Tibet and Taiwan), Japan, Korea, Russian Far East, Assam, Bhutan, Nepal
21. Gastrodia entomogama - New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania
22. Gastrodia exilis - India, Assam, Thailand, Sumatra
23. Gastrodia falconeri - Pakistan, northern India, Nepal
24. Gastrodia fimbriata - Thailand
25. Gastrodia flavilabella - Taiwan
26. Gastrodia flexistyla - Taiwan
27. Gastrodia fontinalis - Taiwan
28. Gastrodia gracilis - Taiwan, Honshu
29. Gastrodia grandilabris - Sabah
30. Gastrodia javanica - Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Fujian, Ryukyu Islands
31. Gastrodia lacista - Western Australia
32. Gastrodia longitubularis - Hainan
33. Gastrodia madagascariensis - Madagascar
34. Gastrodia major - Vietnam
35. Gastrodia menghaiensis - Yunnan
36. Gastrodia minor - New Zealand
37. Gastrodia nipponica - Taiwan, Japan, Ryukyu Islands
38. Gastrodia papuana - New Guinea
39. Gastrodia peichatieniana - Guangdong, Taiwan
40. Gastrodia procera - Victoria
41. Gastrodia pubilabiata - Taiwan, Japan
42. Gastrodia punctata - Vietnam
43. Gastrodia queenslandica - Queensland
44. Gastrodia rwandensis - Rwanda
45. Gastrodia sesamoides - all 6 states of Australia; naturalised in South Africa
46. Gastrodia shimizuana - Iriomote, Taiwan
47. Gastrodia silentvalleyana - Kerala
48. Gastrodia similis - Réunion
49. Gastrodia spatulata - Sabah
50. Gastrodia sui - Taiwan
51. Gastrodia surcula - New South Wales
52. Gastrodia taiensis - Vietnam
53. Gastrodia tembatensis - Peninsular Malaysia
54. Gastrodia theana - Vietnam
55. Gastrodia tuberculata - Yunnan
56. Gastrodia uraiensis - Taiwan
57. Gastrodia urceolata - Queensland
58. Gastrodia verrucosa - Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Sumatra
59. Gastrodia vescula - South Australia
60. Gastrodia wuyishanensis - Fujian
61. Gastrodia zeylanica - Sri Lanka

References

• Brown, R. (1810) Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae 330.
• Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2006). Epidendroideae (Part One). Genera Orchidacearum 4: 444 ff. Oxford University Press.
• Cribb, P., Fischer, E. & Killmann, D. (2010). A revision of Gastrodia (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae, Gastrodieae) in Tropical Africa. Kew Bulletin 65: 315-321.

External links

• Media related to Gastrodia at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Gastrodia at Wikispecies