German submarine U-18 (1935)

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For other ships with the same name, see German submarine U-18.
U-9 IWM HU 1012.jpg
U-9, a typical Type IIB boat
History
Nazi Germany
Name: U-18
Ordered: 2 February 1935
Builder: Germaniawerft, Kiel
Yard number: 548
Laid down: 10 July 1935
Launched: 7 December 1935
Commissioned: 4 January 1936
Fate: Scuttled 25 August 1944 at Constanţa in the Black Sea[1]
General characteristics
Class & type: IIB coastal submarine
Displacement:
  • 279 t (275 long tons) surfaced
  • 328 t (323 long tons) submerged
Length:
Beam:
  • 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in) (o/a)
  • 4.00 m (13 ft 1 in) (pressure hull)
Height: 8.60 m (28 ft 3 in)
Draught: 3.90 m (12 ft 10 in)
Installed power:
  • 700 PS (510 kW; 690 bhp) (diesels)
  • 410 PS (300 kW; 400 shp) (electric)
Propulsion:
Range:
  • 1,800 nmi (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) surfaced
  • 35–43 nmi (65–80 km; 40–49 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth: 80 m (260 ft)
Complement: 3 officers, 22 men
Armament:
Service record
Part of:
Identification codes: M 23 452
Commanders:
Operations: 14
Victories:
  • Two ships sunk for a total of 1,500 GRT
  • One auxiliary warship of 400 GRT sunk
  • One ship damaged of 7,745 GRT
  • One warship of 56 tons damaged

German submarine U-18 was a Type IIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. It was laid down 10 July 1935 and commissioned on 4 January 1936. It served in many U-boat flotillas during its service.

Design

German Type IIB submarines were enlarged versions of the original Type IIs. U-18 had a displacement of 279 tonnes (275 long tons) when at the surface and 328 tonnes (323 long tons) while submerged. Officially, the standard tonnage was 250 long tons (250 t), however.[2] The U-boat had a total length of 42.70 m (140 ft 1 in), a pressure hull length of 28.20 m (92 ft 6 in), a beam of 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in), a height of 8.60 m (28 ft 3 in), and a draught of 3.90 m (12 ft 10 in). The submarine was powered by two MWM RS 127 S four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines of 700 metric horsepower (510 kW; 690 shp) for cruising, two Siemens-Schuckert PG VV 322/36 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 460 metric horsepower (340 kW; 450 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 0.85 m (3 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 80–150 metres (260–490 ft).[2]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph).[2] When submerged, the boat could operate for 35–42 nautical miles (65–78 km; 40–48 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 3,800 nautical miles (7,000 km; 4,400 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph). U-18 was fitted with three 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes at the bow, five torpedoes or up to twelve Type A torpedo mines, and a 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of twentyfive.[2]

Fate

While a training boat, U-18 sank at 0954 hrs on 20 November 1936 in Lübeck Bay, after a collision with T-156. Eight men died and 12 survived. It was raised on 28 November 1936. It returned to service on 30 September 1937 when it served in the 30th U-boat Flotilla, after being transported overland and via the Danube to the Black Sea.

On 20 August 1944, in a Soviet air raid on the Romanian harbor of Constanţa in the Black Sea, U-18 was damaged and as a result was deemed not seaworthy and was scuttled on the 25th.[1]

The boat was raised by the USSR in late 1944. It was sunk for target practice by the Soviet submarine M-120 on 26 May 1947 off Sevastopol (also sunk that day was the former U-24).

Service history

Commanders

  • Hans Pauckstadt, 4 January – 20 November 1936
  • Kapitänleutnant Heinz Beduhn, 30 September – 31 October 1937
  • Kptlt. Max-Hermann Bauer, 1 November 1937 – 24 November 1939
  • Oberleutnant zur See Ernst Mengersen (Knights Cross), 24 November 1939 – 2 September 1940
  • Kptlt. Hans-Heinz Linder, 3 September – 17 December 1940
  • Kptlt. Ernst Vogelsang, 18 December 1940 – 6 May 1941
  • Oblt.z.S. Hans-Achim von Rosenberg-Gruszcynski, 7 May 1941 – 31 May 1942
  • Oblt.z.S. Friedrich-Wilhelm Wissmann, 1 June – 18 August 1942
  • Oblt.z.S. Karl Fleige (Knights Cross), 3 December 1942 – 25 August 1944
  • Oblt.z.S. Hans-Jürgen Bartsch, 2–25 May 1944
  • Oblt.z.S. Rudolf Arendt, 25 May – 7 June 1944
  • Oblt.z.S. Friedrich Baumgärtel, 22 December 1944 – 6 February 1945

Summary of raiding history

Date Name Nationality Tonnage
(GRT)		 Fate
18 November 1939 Parkhill  United Kingdom 500 Sunk
23 January 1940 Bisp  Norway 1,000 Sunk
29 August 1943 TSC-11 Dzhalita  Soviet Navy 400 Sunk
30 August 1943 SKA-0132  Soviet Navy 56 Damaged
18 November 1943 Josif Stalin  Soviet Union 7,745 Damaged

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kemp 1999, p. 215.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Gröner 1991, pp. 39–40.

Bibliography

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External links

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