Gertrude of Süpplingenburg

Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
Duchess of Bavaria
File:Gertrud und Theodora Komnena.PNG Gertrude and Theodora Komnene, consorts of Henry II of Austria, Babenberg pedigree, Klosterneuburg Monastery, c. 1490
Spouse(s)	Henry X, Duke of Bavaria Henry II, Duke of Austria
Noble family	Supplinburger dynasty
Father	Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor
Mother	Richenza of Northeim
Born	(1115-04-18)18 April 1115
Died

Gertrude of Süpplingenburg (18 April 1115 – 18 April 1143) was Duchess consort of Bavaria from 1127 to 1138, Margravine consort of Tuscany from 1136 to 1139, and Duchess consort of Saxony from 1137 to 1138. From 1142 she was Margravine consort of Austria and again Duchess consort of Bavaria until her death. She was a member of the Saxon Supplinburger dynasty.

Life

Gertrude was the only child of Lothair of Supplinburg, Duke of Saxony, and his wife Richenza of Northeim. After the death of the last Salian emperor Henry V, her father, backed by Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz was elected King of the Romans in 1125.

To strengthen the ties with the Welf dynasty, Lothair married Gertrude to Henry the Proud, Duke of Bavaria since 1126. The lavish wedding ceremony was held on 29 May 1127 on the Lech fields near Augsburg. Indeed Duke Henry became a loyal supporter in Lothair's struggle with the rivalling House of Hohenstaufen. The marriage also marked a significant increase of the Welf power: in 1136 Lothair vested Henry with the Italian March of Tuscany and, after the death of his father-in-law in 1137, Henry also succeeded him as Duke of Saxony. He furthermore inherited extended Saxon allodial lands around Süpplingenburg, Brunswick and Northeim. According to the contemporary chronicler Otto of Freising he ruled over a realm that stretched "from Denmark to Sicily". Henry and Gertrude had one son, Henry the Lion, born in 1129, who later became Duke of Saxony and Bavaria.

Gertrude's husband had received the Imperial Regalia from his father-in-law, however, as much powerful as arrogant, he failed to succeed Lothair as King of the Romans, when he was defeated by his Hohenstaufen rival Conrad III in the Imperial election of 1138. Refusing to pay tribute, he was banned and stripped off his Bavarian and Saxon duchies, which Conrad gave to his rivals Margrave Leopold of Austria and the Ascanian margrave Albert the Bear respectively. While defending his rights in Saxony, Henry suddenly died at Quedlinburg 1139, leaving Gertrude alone with their ten-year-old son.

Acting as Saxon regent, Gertrude with the aid of her mother Empress Richenza was able to secure the inheritance rights of her son by reaching a consent with the Hohenstaufen King Conrad III. In 1142 Henry the Lion was finally vested with the Duchy of Saxony by King Conrad III, after Albert the Bear renounced his rights. Henry the Lion himself in turn renounced his succession in the Duchy of Bavaria, which Conrad ceded to the Babenberg margrave Henry II Jasomirgott of Austria. Gertrude and Henry II married on 1 May 1142 in Brunswick. They had one daughter, Richenza (b. 1143 - d. 1200), later wife of Landgrave Heinrich V of Steffling. The marriage produced no male heirs, as Gertrude died in childbirth at Klosterneuburg Monastery in Austria on 18 April 1143, which was her 28th birthday. She was buried at Schottenstift, Vienna.

Henry Jasomirgott later married his second wife, Theodora Komnene, a niece of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos. In 1152 King Conrad was succeeded by his nephew Frederick Barbarossa, who vested Gertrude's son Henry the Lion with the Duchy of Bavaria in 1156.

Ancestors of Gertrude of Süpplingenburg

16. Liuther of Süpplingenburg?

8. Bernhard of Süpplingenburg, Count of Harzgau

4. Gebhard of Supplinburg

18. Gebhard I, Count of Querfurt

9. Ida of Querfurt

2. Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor

20. Thiemo I, Count of Schweinachgau

10. Frederick, Count of Formbach

5. Hedwig of Formbach

22. Conrad, Count of Haldensleben

11. Gertrude of Haldensleben

23. daughter of Liudolf, Margrave of Frisia

1. Gertrude of Süpplingenburg

24. Benno, Count of Nordheim

12. Otto of Nordheim, Duke of Bavaria

25. Eilika

6. Henry of Northeim, Margrave of Frisia

26. Otto II, Duke of Swabia

13. Richenza of Swabia

27. daughter of Hugh VI, Count of Egisheim

3. Richenza of Northeim

28. Liudolf, Margrave of Frisia

14. Egbert I, Margrave of Meissen

29. Gertrude of Egisheim

7. Gertrude of Brunswick

30. Ulric Manfred II of Turin

15. Irmgard of Susa

31. Berta degli Obertenghi

References

• The information in this article is taken from and/or translated from its German equivalent.

Gertrude of Süpplingenburg House of Süpplinburg Born: 18 April 1115 Died: 18 April 1143
German royalty
Vacant Title last held by Wulfhilde of Saxony	Duchess of Bavaria 1st time 1127–1138	Vacant Title next held by Maria of Bohemia
Vacant Title last held by Beatrice of Bar	Margravine of Tuscany 1136–1139	Vacant Title next held by Uta of Schauenburg
Preceded by Richenza of Northeim	Duchess of Saxony 1137–1138	Succeeded by Sophie of Winzenburg
Vacant Title last held by Maria of Bohemia	Duchess of Bavaria 2nd time Margravine of Austria 1142–1143	Vacant Title next held by Theodora Komnene