Glutamate aspartate transporter

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Lua error in Module:Infobox_gene at line 33: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). Solute carrier family 1 (glial high-affinity glutamate transporter), member 3, also known as SLC1A3,is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the SLC1A3 gene.[1] SLC1A3 is also often called the GLutamate ASpartate Transporter (GLAST) or Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1) .

GLAST is predominantly expressed in the plasma membrane, allowing it to remove glutamate from the extracellular space.[2] It has also been localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane as part of the malate-aspartate shuttle.[3]

Mechanism

GLAST functions in vivo as a homotrimer.[4] GLAST mediates the transport of glutamic and aspartic acid with the cotransport of three Na+ and one H+ cations and counter transport of one K+ cation. This co-transport coupling (or symport) allows the transport of glutamate into cells against a concentration gradient.[5]

"Diagram Illustrating the Malate-Asparate Shuttle Pathway". (Glutamate aspartate transporter labeled at bottom center.) 
Expression of SLC1A3 in the Bergmann glia fibers. Mouse brain at 7th postnatal day, sagittal section; GENSAT database. 

Tissue distribution

GLAST is expressed throughout the CNS,[6] and is highly expressed in astrocytes and Bergmann glia in the cerebellum.[7][8] In the retina, GLAST is expressed in Muller cells.[9] GLAST is also expressed in a number of other tissues including cardiac myocytes.[3]

Clinical significance

It is associated with type 6 episodic_ataxia.[10]

Pharmacology

DL-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA) is an inhibitor of the excitatory amino acid transporters.[11]

Selective inhibitors for GLAST have recently been discovered based on 25 combinations of substitutions at the 4 and 7 positions of 2-amino-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitril.[12]

References

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Further reading

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External links