Gussie Nell Davis

Gussie Nell Davis (November 4, 1906 – December 21, 1993) was an American teacher best known as the founder of the Kilgore College Rangerettes, who in September 1940 became the first all-girls drill team to perform on a college football field.

Biography

Davis was born on November 4, 1906 in Farmersville, Texas. She was the daughter of Robert Augustus and Mattie Lavinia (née Callaway) Davis. Davis went to public schools in Farmersville, and enrolled at the Texas Woman's University (then the College of Industrial Arts) in 1923, where she advanced an intention to become a concert pianist. Her mother had taught her music from an early age but her dancing style was not widely accepted in the South-Central United States. As a result, she switched her studies from music to physical education, which went against the wishes of both her parents. Davis graduated in 1927 with a Bachelor of Arts degree, and began her professional career the following year at Greenville High School as a pep-squad director and a instructor of physical education. Davis founded the school's all-girl squad, the Flaming Flashes, which became the first all-girls dance-drill team in the United States. She trained the Flaming Flashes to use wooden batons, commissioned by Davis from the school's nearest furniture maker, and organized dance moves into their training routines.

After graduating from the University of Southern California in 1938 with a master's degree in science, the president of Kilgore College Dean B. E. Masters hired Davis the following to form a group that would deter football spectators from consuming alcohol during half-time breaks, and encourage an increase in the college's female population. The group, called the Kilgore College Rangerettes, first performed in September 1940, and were the first all-girls dance-drill team in the United States to perform during the half-time periods of college football games. Davis was the group's sole choreographer until 1948, when she hired East Texas-based Denard Haden to assist her. She later hired accompanist Hazel Stewart, the team's long-time sponsor L. N. Crim, and assistants Peggy Coghlan, Barbara Harmon, and Deana Bolton. Alongside her work, Davis acted as a consultant, judged drill-team competitions, was a member of the National Drill Team Directors Association, and was part of the Fiesta International board of directors. Davis, with the retired director of the SMU Mustang Band Irving Dreibrodt, founded the American Drill Team Schools which gives instruction to drill teams across the United States.

A disciplinarian, Davis built the Rangrettes into a self-confident squad. She directed routines that were routinely more athletic and aerobic, and the squad featured extensively in the press. She retired in 1979 but remained the group's godmother. She was hospitalized in December 1993 and died at around 12:30 a.m. on December 21. Davis was buried at Farmersville Cemetery.

Legacy

Davis' work created a multi-billion industry that encompasses multiple uniform and prop companies, drill camps worldwide, specialist choreographers and travel agencies dedicated to the drill-team-dance style she built upon. She chose not to marry or have children; she told Irving Daily News in 1979: "The Rangerettes is my child". Davis was honored with the Gussie Nell Day in Kilgore in 1964 and in Farmersville six years later. It was followed up with a Texas-statewide celebration in 1979. She was named the 1969 Texas Woman of the Year by the Texas State Civitans. Davis was named a Honorary Citizen of Fort Worth and received a State of Texas House of Representatives Certificate of Citation. She was inducted into the Texas Women's Hall of Fame in 1989. A former squad member of the Kilgore College Rangrettes donated $3.5 million to help the college build the Gussie Nell Davis Residence Hall.