Hän language
From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Hän | |
---|---|
Häł gołan | |
Native to | Canada, United States |
Region | Yukon, Alaska |
Ethnicity | Hän people |
Native speakers
|
unknown (20 cited 1997–2007)[1] |
Latin (Dené alphabet) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | haa |
Glottolog | hann1241 [2] |
The Hän language (Dawson, Han-Kutchin, Moosehide) is a Native American endangered language spoken in only two places: Eagle, Alaska and Dawson City, Yukon.[citation needed] There are only a few fluent speakers left (perhaps about 10), all of them elderly.[citation needed]
It is a member of the Athabaskan language family, which is part of the larger Na-Dené family. The name of the language is derived from the name of the people, "Hän Hwëch'in", which in the language means "people who live along the river", the river being the Yukon. There are currently efforts to revive the language locally.[citation needed]
Phonology
Consonants
The consonants of Hän in the standard orthography are listed below (with IPA notation in brackets):
Labial | Inter- dental |
Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Retroflex | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | |||||||||||||||
Nasal | [m] | m | [n̥] [n] |
nh n |
||||||||||||
Stop | [p] [pʰ] |
b (p) |
[t] [tʰ] |
d t |
[k] [kʰ] |
g k |
[ʔ] |
ʼ |
||||||||
[tʼ] | t’ | [kʼ] | k’ | |||||||||||||
[ᵐb] | mb | [ⁿd] | nd | |||||||||||||
Affricate | [tθ] [tθʰ] |
ddh tth |
[ts] [tsʰ] |
dz ts |
[tɬ] [tɬʰ] |
dl tl |
[tʃ] [tʃʰ] |
dj ch |
[ʈʂ] [ʈʂʰ] |
dr tr |
||||||
[tθʼ] | tth’ | [tsʼ] | ts’ | [tɬʼ] | tl’ | [tʃʼ] | ch’ | [ʈʂʼ] | tr’ | |||||||
[ⁿdʒ] | nj | |||||||||||||||
Fricative | [θ] [ð] |
th dh |
[s] [z] |
s z |
[ɬ] [ɮ] |
ł l |
[ʃ] [ʒ] |
sh zh |
[ʂ] [ʐ] |
sr zr |
[x] [ɣ] |
kh gh |
[h] | h | ||
Approximant | [l] | l | [j̊] [j] |
yh y |
[ɻ̥] [ɻ] |
rh r |
[w̥] [w] |
wh w |
Vowels
-
- short
- a [a]
- ä [ɑ]
- e [e]
- ë [ə]
- i [i]
- o [o]
- u [u]
- long
- aa [aː]
- ää [ɑː]
- ee [eː]
- ëë [əː]
- ii [iː]
- oo [oː]
- uu [uː]
- diphthongs
- aw [au]
- ay [ai]
- äw [ɑu]
- ew [eu]
- ey [ei]
- iw [iu]
- oy [oi]
- nasal vowels are marked by an ogonek accent, e.g., ą
- low tone is marked with a grave accent, e.g., à
- rising tone is marked with a circumflex accent, e.g., â[citation needed]
- falling tone is marked with a caron (or háček), e.g., ǎ[citation needed]
- high tone is never marked, e.g., a
- short
References
- ↑ Hän at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
- Hän alphabet
- Han (ANLC)
Bibliography
- Alaska Native Language Center. Alaska Native Language Center (accessed July 24, 2005).
- Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
Categories:
- Language articles citing Ethnologue 18
- Language articles with old Ethnologue 18 speaker data
- Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014
- Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010
- Northern Athabaskan languages
- Indigenous languages of the North American Subarctic
- Indigenous languages of Alaska
- First Nations languages in Canada
- Languages of the United States
- Endangered Dené–Yeniseian languages