Halifax (UK Parliament constituency)
Halifax | |
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Borough constituency for the House of Commons |
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Boundary of Halifax in West Yorkshire.
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Location of West Yorkshire within England.
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County | 1832–1974: West Riding of Yorkshire 1974–present: West Yorkshire |
Electorate | 69,126 (December 2010)[1] |
Major settlements | Halifax, Sowerby Bridge |
Current constituency | |
Created | 1832 |
Member of parliament | Holly Walker-Lynch (Labour) |
Number of members | 1832–1918: Two 1918–present: One |
Created from | Yorkshire |
Overlaps | |
European Parliament constituency | Yorkshire and the Humber |
Halifax is a constituency[n 1] represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2015 by Holly Walker-Lynch of the Labour Party.[n 2]
Contents
- 1 Boundaries
- 2 History
- 3 Constituency profile
- 4 Members of Parliament
- 5 Elections
- 5.1 Elections in the 2010s
- 5.2 Elections in the 2000s
- 5.3 Elections in the 1990s
- 5.4 Elections in the 1980s
- 5.5 Elections in the 1970s
- 5.6 Elections in the 1960s
- 5.7 Elections in the 1950s
- 5.8 Elections in the 1940s
- 5.9 Elections in the 1930s
- 5.10 Elections in the 1920s
- 5.11 Elections in the 1910s
- 5.12 Elections in the 1900s
- 6 See also
- 7 Notes and references
- 8 Sources
Boundaries
This constituency covers the large town of Halifax in West Yorkshire and includes the smaller town of Sowerby Bridge which adjoins Halifax but until 1974 was a separate Urban District.
History
The parliamentary borough was granted in the Great Reform Act 1832 and returned from that year until 1918 two members. A county borough recognized the density of the developed area in 1888 which provided most functions for inhabitants, retaining the West Yorkshire ceremonial county. The municipal or county borough was under a mayor, 5 aldermen and 45 councillors and had an area of 13,967 acres (56.52 km2).[2]
At the time of the Norman Conquest, Halifax formed part of the extensive manor of Wakefield, which belonged to the king, but in the 13th century was in the hands of John Earl de Warrenne aka. Earl of Surrey (1231-1304).[n 3] The prosperity of the town began with the first woollen products workshop established here in 1414, when there are said to have been only thirteen houses, which before the end of the 16th century had increased to 520.[2] Camden, about the end of the 17th century, wrote that the people are very industrious, so that though the soil about it be barren and improfitable, not fit to live on, they have so flourished ... by the clothing trade that they are very rich and have gained a reputation for it above their neighbours. The manufacturing standards and trade were improved by the arrival of certain merchants and clothworkers driven from the Spanish Netherlands by the persecution of the Duke of Alva.
Halifax was a borough by prescription[n 4] rather than a medieval parliamentary borough, its privileges[n 5] growing up with the increased prosperity brought by the cloth trade, but it was not incorporated until 1848. From 1832 until 1918 the town's property-qualifying residents paying scot and lot returned two members to parliament.[n 6]
Constituency profile
The town in the Pennines is relatively affluent, not afflicted by the high levels of unemployment, underemployment and crime seen in a few wards of the Yorkshire and Humber region but most constituents have modest incomes and there is some social housing dependency in certain wards.[3] Since 1987 the MP has been in the Labour Party, before that date for four years it was held by a Conservative MP, but generally since the Second World War it has been a Labour seat.
Members of Parliament
MPs 1832–1918
MPs since 1918
Representation reduced to one member, 1918
Elections
1910s – 1920s – 1930s – 1940s – 1950s – 1960s – 1970s – 1980s – 1990s – 2000s – 2010s |
Elections in the 2010s
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Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Holly Walker-Lynch | 17,506 | 40.0 | +2.6 | |
Conservative | Philip Allott | 17,078 | 39.0 | +5.0 | |
UKIP | Liz Phillips | 5,621 | 12.8 | +11.3 | |
Liberal Democrat | Mohammad Ilyas | 1,629 | 3.7 | -15.4 | |
Green | Gary Scott | 1,142 | 2.6 | N/A | |
Respect | Asama Javed | 465 | 1.1 | N/A | |
Christian | Trevor Bendrien | 312 | 0.7 | N/A | |
Majority | 428 | 1.0 | |||
Turnout | 43,753 | 62.1 | |||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour Co-op | Linda Riordan | 16,278 | 37.4 | -4.4 | |
Conservative | Philip Allott | 14,806 | 34.0 | +0.8 | |
Liberal Democrat | Elisabeth Wilson | 8,335 | 19.1 | +1.2 | |
BNP | Tom Bates | 2,760 | 6.3 | -0.3 | |
Independent Voice for Halifax | Diane Park | 722 | 1.7 | N/A | |
UKIP | Jay Sangha | 654 | 1.5 | N/A | |
Majority | 1,472 | 3.4 | -5.4 | ||
Turnout | 43,555 | 61.9 | +0.9 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | -2.6 |
Elections in the 2000s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour Co-op | Linda Riordan | 16,579 | 41.8 | −7.2 | |
Conservative | Kris Hopkins | 13,162 | 33.2 | −0.6 | |
Liberal Democrat | Michael Taylor | 7,100 | 17.9 | +3.3 | |
BNP | Geoff Wallace | 2,627 | 6.6 | N/A | |
National Front | Thomas Holmes | 191 | 0.5 | N/A | |
Majority | 3,417 | 8.6 | |||
Turnout | 39,659 | 61.1 | +3.3 | ||
Labour Co-op hold | Swing | −3.3 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Alice Mahon | 19,800 | 49.0 | −5.3 | |
Conservative | James Walsh | 13,671 | 33.8 | +1.7 | |
Liberal Democrat | John Durkin | 5,878 | 14.6 | +2.6 | |
UKIP | Helen Martinek | 1,041 | 2.6 | +1.0 | |
Majority | 6,129 | 15.2 | |||
Turnout | 40,390 | 57.8 | −12.7 | ||
Labour hold | Swing |
Elections in the 1990s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Alice Mahon | 27,465 | 54.3 | ||
Conservative | Robert Light | 16,253 | 32.1 | ||
Liberal Democrat | Edgar Waller | 6,059 | 12.0 | ||
Independent | Constance Whittaker | 779 | 1.5 | ||
Majority | 11,212 | 22.2 | |||
Turnout | 50,556 | 70.5 | |||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Alice Mahon | 25,115 | 43.5 | +0.1 | |
Conservative | TR Martin | 24,637 | 42.7 | +1.4 | |
Liberal Democrat | Ian R. Howell | 7,364 | 12.7 | −2.6 | |
Independent Nationalist | Ron Pearson | 649 | 1.1 | +1.1 | |
Majority | 478 | 0.8 | −1.3 | ||
Turnout | 57,765 | 78.7 | +1.0 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | −0.6 |
Elections in the 1980s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Alice Mahon | 24,741 | 43.38 | ||
Conservative | Roy Galley | 23,529 | 41.26 | ||
Social Democratic | Laurence Cockcroft | 8,758 | 15.36 | ||
Majority | 1,212 | 2.13 | |||
Turnout | 77.70 | ||||
Labour gain from Conservative | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Roy Galley | 22,321 | 40.85 | ||
Labour | Shirley Summerskill | 20,452 | 37.43 | ||
Social Democratic | F. Cockroft | 11,868 | 21.72 | ||
Majority | 1,869 | 3.42 | |||
Turnout | 75.11 | ||||
Conservative gain from Labour | Swing |
Elections in the 1970s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Shirley Summerskill | 21,416 | 43.79 | ||
Conservative | J. Ford | 20,182 | 41.27 | ||
Liberal | Allen Clegg | 6,853 | 14.01 | ||
National Front | B. Wadsworth | 455 | 0.93 | ||
Majority | 1,234 | 2.52 | |||
Turnout | 76.69 | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Shirley Summerskill | 20,976 | 44.27 | ||
Conservative | S.R. Lyons | 16,798 | 35.45 | ||
Liberal | Allen Clegg | 8,693 | 18.35 | ||
Powellite | R.S. Pearson | 919 | 1.94 | ||
Majority | 4,178 | 8.82 | |||
Turnout | 74.55 | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Shirley Summerskill | 20,970 | 40.93 | ||
Conservative | S.R. Lyons | 17,967 | 35.07 | ||
Liberal | Allen Clegg | 12,300 | 24.01 | ||
Majority | 3,003 | 5.86 | |||
Turnout | 81.27 | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Shirley Summerskill | 24,026 | 49.33 | ||
Conservative | G Anthony Turner | 23,828 | 48.93 | ||
Ind. Labour Party | Alistair Graham | 847 | 1.74 | ||
Majority | 198 | 0.41 | |||
Turnout | 73.51 | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
Elections in the 1960s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Shirley Summerskill | 25,391 | 50.28 | ||
Conservative | G Anthony Turner | 19,689 | 38.99 | ||
Liberal | Derek Arthur Carlin | 5,423 | 10.74 | ||
Majority | 5,702 | 11.29 | |||
Turnout | 80.48 | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Shirley Summerskill | 23,143 | 43.76 | ||
Conservative | Maurice Macmillan | 22,085 | 41.75 | ||
Liberal | James Crossley | 7,664 | 14.49 | ||
Majority | 1,058 | 2.00 | |||
Turnout | 82.06 | ||||
Labour gain from Conservative | Swing |
Elections in the 1950s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Maurice Macmillan | 29,212 | 52.25 | ||
Labour | Peter Shore | 26,697 | 47.75 | ||
Majority | 2,515 | 4.50 | |||
Turnout | 83.26 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Maurice Macmillan | 28,306 | 51.39 | ||
Labour | Dryden Brook | 26,771 | 48.61 | ||
Majority | 1,535 | 2.79 | |||
Turnout | 80.15 | ||||
Conservative gain from Labour | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Dryden Brook | 30,433 | 50.63 | ||
Conservative | Charles Henry Lucas | 29,670 | 49.37 | ||
Majority | 763 | 1.27 | |||
Turnout | 84.25 | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Dryden Brook | 28,800 | 47.70 | ||
Conservative | Charles Henry Lucas | 20,456 | 33.88 | ||
Liberal | Arthur Pickles | 9,573 | 15.85 | ||
National Liberal | R.H. Blackburn | 1,551 | 2.57 | ||
Majority | 8,344 | 13.82 | |||
Turnout | 85.09 | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
- Blackburn was a vice-president of the Bradford Conservative Association. He was nominated after the Conservative and Liberal associations in the division had failed to reach agreement on the proposal for a joint anti-Labour candidate.[16]
Elections in the 1940s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Dryden Brook | 25,605 | 46.5 | +7.0 | |
Conservative | Gilbert Gledhill | 14,824 | 26.9 | -17.5 | |
Liberal | Arnold Gelder | 14,631 | 26.6 | +10.5 | |
Majority | 10,781 | 19.6 | +14.7 | ||
Turnout | 55,060 | 77.4 | +0.5 | ||
Labour gain from Conservative | Swing | +11.3 |
Elections in the 1930s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Gilbert Gledhill | 24,103 | 44.4 | −21.3 | |
Labour | Arthur Longbottom | 21,471 | 39.5 | +9.8 | |
Liberal | Ashley Mitchell | 8,736 | 16.1 | N/A | |
Majority | 2,632 | 4.9 | −31.1 | ||
Turnout | 54,310 | 76.9 | −3.6 | ||
Conservative hold | Swing | −15.6 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Gilbert Gledhill | 36,731 | 65.7 | +36.0 | |
Labour | Arthur Longbottom | 16,601 | 29.7 | −12.5 | |
Independent Liberal | Frank Sykes[17] | 2,578 | 4.6 | N/A | |
Majority | 20,130 | 36.0 | +23.5 | ||
Turnout | 80.5 | −0.8 | |||
Conservative gain from Labour | Swing | +24.2 |
Elections in the 1920s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Arthur Longbottom | 22,776 | 42.2 | −0.6 | |
Unionist | Gilbert Gledhill | 16,713 | 29.7 | +3.3 | |
Liberal | George Elliot Dodds | 15,823 | 28.1 | −2.8 | |
Majority | 7,063 | 12.5 | +0.5 | ||
Turnout | 55,312 | 81.3 | +2.6 | ||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Arthur Longbottom | 17,536 | 42.8 | ||
Liberal | Harry Barnes | 12,585 | 30.8 | ||
Unionist | Francis Crossley | 10,804 | 26.4 | ||
Majority | 4,951 | 12.0 | |||
Turnout | 40,925 | 78.7 | +24.3 | ||
Labour gain from Liberal | Swing |
- General Election 1924: Halifax
- John Henry Whitley (Speaker) returned unopposed
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Speaker | John Henry Whitley | unopposed | n/a | n/a | |
Speaker hold | Swing | n/a |
- General Election 1922: Halifax
- John Henry Whitley (Speaker) returned unopposed
Elections in the 1910s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | John Henry Whitley | 22,136 | 84.6 | N/A | |
Socialist Labour Party | Arthur McManus | 4,046 | 15.4 | N/A | |
Majority | 18,100 | 69.2 | N/A | ||
Turnout | 16,172 | 53.4 | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | John Henry Whitley | 8,778 | 33.4 | ||
Labour | James Parker | 8,511 | |||
Conservative | John Herbert Lacy Baldwin | 4,602 | |||
Conservative | James Francis Wallace Galbraith | 4,420 | |||
Majority | |||||
Turnout | 87.0 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | John Henry Whitley | 9,504 | |||
Labour | James Parker | 9,093 | |||
Conservative | James Francis Wallace Galbraith | 4,754 | |||
Majority | |||||
Turnout | |||||
Liberal hold | Swing | ||||
Labour hold | Swing |
Elections in the 1900s
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | John Henry Whitley | 9,354 | |||
Labour | James Parker | 8,937 | |||
Liberal Unionist | Savile Crossley | 5,041 | |||
Majority | |||||
Turnout | |||||
Liberal hold | Swing | ||||
Labour gain from Liberal Unionist | Swing |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Unionist | Savile Crossley | 5,931 | 29.6 | ||
Liberal | John Henry Whitley | 5,543 | |||
Liberal | Alfred Billson | 5,325 | |||
Ind. Labour Party | James Parker | 3,276 | |||
Majority | |||||
Turnout | 86.7 | ||||
Liberal Unionist hold | Swing | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing |
See also
Notes and references
- Notes
- ↑ A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
- ↑ As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.
- ↑ See Sandal Castle and Wakefield Castle
- ↑ Legally, the doctrine of prescription (law), as opposed to "by grant", means obtained by long use
- ↑ Among the curious customs of Halifax was the Gibbet Law, which was probably established by a prescriptive right to protect the wool trade, and gave the inhabitants the power of executing any one taken within their liberty, who, when tried by a jury of sixteen of the frith-burgesses, was found guilty of the theft of any goods of the value of more than 13d. The executions took place on market days on a hill outside the town, the gibbet somewhat resembling a guillotine. The first execution recorded under this law took place in 1541, and the right was exercised in Halifax longer than in any other town, the last execution taking place in 1650. In 1635 the king granted the inhabitants of Halifax licence to found a workhouse in a large house given to them for that purpose by Nathaniel Waterhouse, and incorporated them under the name of the master and governors. Nathaniel Waterhouse was appointed the first master, his successors being elected every year by the twelve governors from among themselves.
- ↑ In 1607 David Waterhouse, lord of the manor of Halifax, obtained a grant of two markets there every week on Friday and Saturday and two fairs every year, each lasting three days, one beginning on 24 June, the other on 11 November. Later these fairs and markets were confirmed with the addition of an extra market on Thursday to Sir William Ayloffe, baronet, who had succeeded David Waterhouse as lord of the manor. The market rights were sold to the Markets Company in 1810 and purchased from them by the corporation in 1853.
- References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2001 Census
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "H" (part 1)[self-published source][better source needed]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.calderdale.gov.uk/council/democracy/election-information/halifax-constituency/halifax.html
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ The Times House of Commons, 1950
- ↑ At the 1931 general election, the local Liberal Association chose not to field a candidate against the National Government; Sykes stood as an "Independent Liberal" candidate
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 British parliamentary election results, 1885-1918 (Craig)
Sources
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Victoria County History, Yorkshire
- T. Wright, The Antiquities of the Town of Halifax (Leeds, 1738)
- John Watson, The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Halifax (London, 1775)
- John Crabtree, A Concise History of the Parish and Vicarage of Halifax (Halifax and London, 1836).
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
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Preceded by | Constituency represented by the Speaker 1921–1928 |
Succeeded by Daventry |
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- Accuracy disputes from March 2012
- Articles lacking reliable references from March 2012
- Wikipedia articles incorporating an LRPP-MP template with two unnamed parameters
- Use dmy dates from August 2013
- Use British English from August 2013
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- Parliamentary constituencies in Yorkshire and the Humber
- United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies established in 1832
- Politics of Calderdale
- Halifax, West Yorkshire