Haplogroup K-M9

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Haplogroup K
Possible time of origin 47,000 years BP[1]
Possible place of origin South or West Asia
Ancestor IJK
Descendants haplogroup K2,[2] and LT
Defining mutations M9, P128/PF5504, P131/PF5493, P132/PF5480

Haplogroup K or K-M9 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. A descendant of Haplogroup IJK, K-M9 and its descendant haplogroups comprise a populous geographically diverse haplogroup; they have long been found in men on every continent other than Antarctica.

The direct descendants of K-M9 are Haplogroup K2 (formerly KxLT; K-M526) and Haplogroup LT (L298 = P326).[2][3]

Origins and distribution

Y-DNA haplogroup K-M9 is an old lineage that arose approximately 47,000 years ago,[1] probably in South Asia or West Asia.

The basal paragroup K* is exceptionally rare, although it has been reported at low frequencies in various parts of Eurasia, Oceania and Africa.[2][citation needed] In Europe it is typically found at levels of less than 1.0%; examples have been recorded in Norway, Sweden, the Faroe Islands and Shetland.[4]

The descendants of haplogroup K2 include:

Structure

Haplogroup K-M9 tree [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][2][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]

Haplogroup LT (K1). Widely distributed at low concentrations. Haplogroup L is found at its highest frequency in Pakistan, western India and among the Balochs of Afghanistan. T is most common among: Wodaabe Fulanis (Sahelian Africans), Ethiopians, in Somalia, Djibouti, some alpine regions of Europe, the Aegean Islands and a few populations in India

K2

K2* has been found in an estimated 27% of indigenous Australians (based on large scale surveys in which 56% of the samples were assumed to be non-indigenous.) [25] Also reported for the remains of Ust'-Ishim man, dating from approximately 45,000 BP and found in Omsk Oblast, Russia.[26]

NO

N Found near Arctic Circle, Yakuts, Finno Ugrians (Ancient samples: most remains from the Yangshao, Hongshan, ancient Hungarians, Xiongnu and prehistoric Yakuts; some also in the Xiajiadian mixed between O3)


O Sino-Tibetans + modern Longshan and Daxi and Xiajiadian which was divided between N and O3 (Xiajiadian was mixed others were pure) (O3), Austronesians, Polynesians, Melanesians, Malaygasy and in modern Liangzhu to a very low extent (O1), and Austro-Asiatics (O2) dominant east Asian line (O) note O1 and O2 form a clade against O3 called O1'2



K2b
K2b1

K2b1a (CTS5650/F3744/P405), found in Indonesia and Oceania; includes Haplogroup S (M230, P202, P204) a.k.a. K2b1a4 which, according to ISOGG, is: "a major haplogroup in the highlands of mainland Papua New Guinea where it is found at frequencies of around 50% in some populations and is also present at lower frequencies in adjacent islands of Indonesia and Melanesia."[27] The subclade K2b1a1 has been reported at levels of up to 27% among indigenous Australians.[25]


K2b1b (P336): Alor, Timor and Borneo.


K2b1c (P378): Aeta people of the Philippines.


M (P256, Page93/S322) a.k.a. K2b1d. The most common haplogroup in Papua New Guinea; also found in Australia, [25] and neighbouring parts of Melanesia and Polynesia.


P (K2b2)
P1 (M45/PF5962)

35.4 in Tuvans, 28.3% in Altaians-Kizhi, 28% of Aetas, 22.2% in Todjins, 11.8% in Kalmyks, 8.8% in Soyots, 7.6% in Khakas


10% of Timor rare in other parts of Indonesia




Q (M242) Kets, Selkups, Turkmen, Altai, Tuvans, Far East Siberia, Americas (ancient samples Anzick, Montana, prehistoric Alaskan, ancient Greenlander), Xirong, Mongolian Altai Kurgans (R1a/Z93 mixed with Q1a2a1/L54) and possibly Afantova.



R (extinct basal subclades found in remains from 24,000 years BP at Mal'ta' in Siberia)



R2 found in India, Sri Lanka, North Pakistan isolates



R1a found in East Europe, India, Central Asia, Altai, Scandinavia, Uighers Ancient samples include 10 out of 11 samples from Xiaohe Tomb complex, Andronovo, Pazyryk, Mongolian Altai Kurgans (R1a/Z93 mixed with Q1a2a1/L54), The Tagar Culture, Karasuk culture, Tashtyk culture, some Corded ware folk


R1b West Europe, Chadic Languages, Armenian Highlands (Found in several Bell Beakers from Germany and in late antique Basques of whom it is still common in as well as 13.3% (4):one P probably R1b2 (V88): of Guanches from the Canary Islands, (reports of King Tut belonging to R1b, by iGENEA belonging to R1b have not been verified.)








K2c (P261). Minor lineage of Bali.


K2d (P402). Minor lineage of Java


K2e (M147). Highly rare lineage; two cases in South Asia.[2]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 International Society of Genetic Genealogy, 2015 Y-DNA Haplogroup K and its Subclades – 2015 (5 April 2015).
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ David Faux. GENEALOGY-DNA-L Archives - Origins of R1a, Q and K in Scandanavia - Part 1
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[page needed]
  19. ↑ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513103016352[full citation needed]
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ yhrd.org[full citation needed]
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ http://www.phylotree.org/Y/tree/index.htm[full citation needed]
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Nagle, N. et al., 2015, "Antiquity and diversity of aboriginal Australian Y-chromosomes", American Journal of Physical Anthropology (epub ahead of print version; abstract).
  26. ↑ [1]
  27. ↑ http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpS.html

External links


Evolutionary tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
"Y-chromosomal Adam"
A00 A0-T [χ 3]
A0 A1[χ 4]
A1a A1b
A1b1 BT
B CT
DE CF
D E C F
F1 F2 F3 GHIJK
G HIJK
H IJK
IJ K
I J LT [χ 5]  K2
L T NO [χ 6] K2b [χ 7]   K2c K2d K2e [χ 8]
N O K2b1 [χ 9]    P
M S [χ 10] Q R
  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
  3. ↑ Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A0'1'2'3'4.
  4. ↑ Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
  5. ↑ Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
  6. ↑ Haplogroup NO (M214) is also known as Haplogroup K2a (although the present Haplogroup K2e was also previously known as "K2a").
  7. ↑ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
  8. ↑ Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a, also known as Haplogroup NO).
  9. ↑ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is similar to the former Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
  10. ↑ Haplogroup S (S-M230) was previously known as Haplogroup K5.
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