Harrisonburg, Virginia

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Harrisonburg, Virginia
Independent city
City of Harrisonburg
Rockingham County Courthouse in Court Square in downtown Harrisonburg
Rockingham County Courthouse in Court Square in downtown Harrisonburg
Official seal of Harrisonburg, Virginia
Seal
Nickname(s): The Friendly City, H'Burg, The Burg, Rocktown
Location in Virginia
Location in Virginia
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Country United States
State Virginia
Founded 1779
Government
 • Type Council-manager government
 • City Manager Kurt Hodgen[1]
 • Mayor Christopher B. Jones (D)[2]
 • Vice Mayor Richard Baugh (D)[3]
 • City Council
Council Members
Area
 • Total 17.4 sq mi (45 km2)
 • Land 17.3 sq mi (45 km2)
 • Water 0.1 sq mi (0.3 km2)
Elevation 1,325 ft (404 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 48,914
 • Density 2,827/sq mi (1,092/km2)
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 22801-22803, 22807
Area code(s) 540
FIPS code 51-35624[9]
GNIS feature ID 1498489[10]
Website HarrisonburgVa.gov

Harrisonburg is an independent city in the Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 48,914.[11] Harrisonburg is the county seat of Rockingham County,[12] although the two are separate jurisdictions. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Harrisonburg with Rockingham County for statistical purposes. Harrisonburg is home to James Madison University and Eastern Mennonite University.

Harrisonburg is the core city of the Harrisonburg, Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a 2011 estimated population of 126,562.[13]

History

Harrisonburg was named for Thomas Harrison (1704–1785), an early settler.[14]

The earliest documented English exploration of the area prior to settlement was the "Knights of the Golden Horseshoe Expedition", led by Lt. Gov. Alexander Spotswood, who reached Elkton, and whose rangers continued and in 1716 likely passed through what is now Harrisonburg.

Harrisonburg, previously known as "Rocktown", was named for Thomas Harrison, a son of English settlers.[15] In 1737, Harrison settled in the Shenandoah Valley, eventually laying claim to over 12,000 acres (4,900 ha) situated at the intersection of the Spotswood Trail and the main Native American road through the valley.[16]

In 1779, Harrison deeded 2.5 acres (1.0 ha) of his land to the "public good" for the construction of a courthouse. In 1780, Harrison deeded an additional 50 acres (20 ha).[17] This is the area now known as "Historic Downtown Harrisonburg."

In 1849, trustees chartered a mayor-council form of government, although Harrisonburg was not officially incorporated as an independent city until 1916. Today, a council-manager government administers Harrisonburg.[18]

On June 6, 1862, an American Civil War skirmish took place at Good's Farm, Chestnut Ridge near Harrisonburg between the forces of the Union and the forces of the Confederacy at which the C.S. Army Brigadier General, Turner Ashby (1828-1862), was killed.

Newtown

Interstate 81, a main roadway in Harrisonburg

When the slaves of the Shenandoah Valley were freed in 1865, they set up near modern-day Harrisonburg a town called Newtown.[19] This settlement was eventually annexed by the independent city of Harrisonburg some years later, probably around 1892. Today, the old city of Newtown is still the home of the majority of Harrisonburg's predominantly black churches, such as First Baptist and Bethel AME. The modern Boys and Girls Club of Harrisonburg is located in the old Lucy Simms schoolhouse used for the black students in the days of segregation.[citation needed]

A large portion of this black neighborhood was dismantled in the 1950s when – in the name of urban renewal – the city government used federal redevelopment funds from the Housing Act of 1949 to force black families out of their homes and then bulldozed the neighborhood. This effort, called "Project R4", focused on the city blocks east of Main, north of Gay, west of Broad, and south of Johnson. The city later sold the land to commercial developers.[20]

Downtown Renaissance

In early 2002, the Harrisonburg community discussed the possibility of creating a pedestrian mall downtown. Public meetings were held to discuss the merits and drawbacks of pursuing such a plan. Ultimately, the community decided to keep its Main Street open to traffic. From these discussions, however, a strong voice emerged from the community in support of downtown revitalization.

On July 1, 2003, Harrisonburg Downtown Renaissance was incorporated as a 501(c)3 nonprofit with the mission of rejuvenating the downtown district.[21]

In 2004, downtown was designated as the Harrisonburg Downtown Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places and a designated Virginia Main Street Community,[22] with the neighboring Old Town Historic District residential community gaining historic district status in 2007. Several vacant buildings have been renovated and repurposed for new uses, such as the Hardesty-Higgins House and City Exchange, used for the Harrisonburg Tourist Center and high-end loft apartments, respectively.

In 2008, downtown Harrisonburg spent over $1 million in cosmetic and sidewalk infrastructure improvements (also called streetscaping and wayfinding projects). The City Council appropriated $500,000 for custom street signs to be used as "wayfinding signs" directing visitors to areas of interest around the city. Another $500,000 were used to upgrade street lighting, sidewalks, and landscaping along Main Street and Court Square.[23]

In 2014, Harrisonburg Downtown Renaissance was named a Great American Main Street by the National Main Street Association and downtown was designated the first culinary district in the commonwealth of Virginia.

Culture

Larkin Arts

The creative class of Harrisonburg has grown alongside the revitalization of the downtown district. Contributing to Harrisonburg's cultural capital are a collection of education and art centers, residencies, studios, and artist-facilitated businesses, programs, and collectives.[24]

Some of these programs include: Larkin Arts, a community art center that opened in 2012 and has four symbiotic components: an art supply store, a fine arts gallery, a school with three classrooms, and five private studio spaces.[25][26]

Old Furnace Artist Residency (OFAR)[27] and SLAG Mag: Artist residency and arts&culture quarterly zine focused on community engagement and social practice projects started in 2013.[28]

A Little Free Library in Harrisonburg

The Super Gr8 Film Festival, founded in 2009. The 2013 festival featured more than 50 locally produced films, and all of the films in the festival were shot using vintage cameras and Super 8 film.[29]

Arts Council of the Valley, including the Darrin-McHone Gallery and Court Square Theater, provides facilities and funding for various arts programs and projects.[30]

OASIS Fine Art and Craft, opened in 2000, is a cooperative gallery of over 35 local artists and artisans exhibiting and selling their work. It offers fine hand-crafted pottery, jewelry, fiber art, wood, metal, glass, wearable art, paintings, and photography.[31]

The Virginia Quilt Museum, established in 1995, is dedicated to preserving, celebrating, and nurturing Virginia's quilting heritage. It features a permanent collection of nearly 300 quilts, a Civil War Gallery, antique and toy sewing machines, and rotating exhibits from across the United States.[32]

Historic sites

In addition to the Thomas Harrison House, Harrisonburg Downtown Historic District, and Old Town Historic District, the Anthony Hockman House, Rockingham County Courthouse, Lucy F. Simms School, Whitesel Brothers, and Joshua Wilton House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[33]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 17.4 square miles (45.1 km2), of which 17.3 square miles (44.8 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km2) (0.3%) is water.[34]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
1860 1,023 —
1870 2,036 99.0%
1880 2,831 39.0%
1890 2,792 −1.4%
1900 3,521 26.1%
1910 4,879 38.6%
1920 5,875 20.4%
1930 7,232 23.1%
1940 8,768 21.2%
1950 10,810 23.3%
1960 11,916 10.2%
1970 14,605 22.6%
1980 19,671 34.7%
1990 30,707 56.1%
2000 40,468 31.8%
2010 48,914 20.9%
Est. 2014 52,478 [35] 7.3%
U.S. Decennial Census[36]
1790-1960[37] 1900-1990[38]
1990-2000[39] 2010-2012[11]
This graph, using information from the 2000 federal census, illustrates the uneven distribution of age due to the two universities in Harrisonburg

As of the census[40] of 2000, 40,468 people, 13,133 households, and 6,448 families resided in the city. The population density was 2,304.4/mi2 (889.8/km²). The 13,689 housing units averaged 779.5/mi2 (301.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 84.84% White, 5.92% Black or African American, 0.19% Native American, 3.11% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 3.35% from other races, and 2.57% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 8.85% of the population.

Of the 13,133 households, 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.4% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.9% were not families. About 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city, the population was distributed as 15.4% under the age of 18, 40.9% from 18 to 24, 21.2% from 25 to 44, 13.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,949, and for a family was $45,159. Males had a median income of $29,951 versus $22,910 for women. The per capita income for the city was $14,898. About 11.5% of families and 30.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.7% of those under age 18 and 11.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education

School systems

Serving about 4,400 students (K–12), Harrisonburg City Public Schools comprises five elementary schools, two middle schools, and a high school. Eastern Mennonite School, a private school, serves grades K–12 with an enrollment of about 386 students.[41]

High schools

Middle schools

  • Blue Ridge Christian School (private)
  • Eastern Mennonite School (private)
  • Thomas Harrison Middle School (public)
  • Skyline Middle School (public)

Elementary schools

  • Blue Ridge Christian School (private)
  • Eastern Mennonite School (private)
  • W.H. Keister Elementary (public)
  • Smithland Elementary School (public)
  • Spotswood Elementary (public)
  • Stone Spring Elementary (public)
  • Waterman Elementary (public)

Higher education

Points of interest

  • Edith J. Carrier Arboretum
  • Downtown Harrisonburg
  • Harrisonburg's Old Post Office Mural (Now US Bankruptcy Court)
  • Virginia Quilt Museum - located downtown and dedicated to preserving, celebrating, and nurturing Virginia's quilting heritage. The museum was established in 1995 and features a permanent collection of nearly 300 quilts, a Civil War Gallery, antique and toy sewing machines, and rotating exhibits from across the United States.[32]

Events

  • The Rocktown Beer & Music Festivals - Every year, about 3,000 people converge on Turner Pavilion and Park to attend the event (which often sells out in advance), celebrating good beer, good living, good music, and a great community. Whether rain or shine, it is always a mighty fine time. The festival happens twice a year, in April and again in September.
  • The Alpine Loop Gran Fondo road-cycling event hosted by professional cyclist Jeremiah Bishop starts and finishes in downtown Harrisonburg.[42]
  • The first annual Super Gr8 Film Festival was held in Harrisonburg in November 2010.[43][44]
  • The annual Harrisonburg International Festival celebrates international foods, dance, music, and folk art.[45]
  • Valley Fourth - Downtown Harrisonburg's 4 July celebrations that bring in over 12,000 people. The festival includes a morning run, barbecue cook-off competition, beer and music garden, kids' area, parade, and fireworks.

Sports

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. Harrisonburg has a humid subtropical climate, Cfa on climate maps according to the Köppen climate classification.[46]

Notable people

See also

References and notes

  1. ↑ City Manager Kurt Hodgen
  2. ↑ Term: 2015–2019;
  3. ↑ Term 2013–2017; Vice Mayor Richard Baugh
  4. ↑ Term: 2015-2019; Mayor Christopher B. Jones
  5. ↑ Term: 2013–2017; Vice Mayor Richard Baugh
  6. ↑ Term: 2011-2015 Council Member Ted Byrd
  7. ↑ Term: 2013–2017; Council Member Kai Degner
  8. ↑ Term 2013–2017; Council Member Abe Shearer
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Harrison, J. Houston (1935). Settlers by the Long Grey Trail J.K. Ruebush. p 214-249
  16. ↑ Julian Smith, 2007, Moon Virginia p. 246
  17. ↑ A Brief History of Harrisonburg
  18. ↑ Government Structure of Harrisonburg
  19. ↑ Stephens City, Virginia was also called Newtown at this time.
  20. ↑ Remembering Project R4
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ http://www.valleyarts.org/about-us
  31. ↑ http://www.oasisfineartandcraft.org/
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Eastern Mennonite School profile.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Climate Summary for Harrisonburg, Virginia
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Camille, Powell. The Washington Post. March 6, 2009. "Kristi Toliver"
  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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