Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin
| Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin سلطان هاشم جليل العالم |
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| Sultan of Brunei | |
| Reign | 29 May 1885 – 10 May 1906 |
| Coronation | 29 May 1895 |
| Predecessor | Abdul Momin |
| Heir apparent | Muhammad Jamalul Alam II |
| Born | 1825 Brunei Town, Brunei |
| Died | May 1906 (aged 80–81) Brunei Town, Brunei |
| Burial | Kubah Makam Di Raja |
| Spouse | Pengiran Indera Chendra Kesuma Pengiran Isteri Pengiran Siti Fatimah |
| Issue Detail |
Pengiran Muda Besar Omar Ali Saifuddin Pengiran Muda Tengah Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam II Pengiran Anak Siti Zubaidah Pengiran Anak Mohammad Salleh Pengiran Anak Abdul Razak Pengiran Anak Siti Rauyah Pengiran Anak Siti Mariam Pengiran Di-Gadong Pengiran Anak Haji Kamis Pengiran Anak Safar Pengiran Anak Sabtu Pengiran Anak Metusin Kula Pengiran Anak Saliha Pengiran Anak Muhammad Arshad Duman Pengiran Anak Ismail Apong Pengiran Anak Untong Pengiran Anak Jaga Pengiran Anak Rabaha Pengiran Anak Tuah Pengiran Anak Mahmud |
| House | Bolkiah |
| Father | Omar Ali Saifuddin II |
| Mother | Zaida binti Pengarah di-Gadong Laman Awang Sulaiman |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin was the 26th Sultan of Brunei. He ruled Brunei from May 1885 to May 1906.[1] Sultan Hashim was the son of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II. Before he became the Sultan, he was one of the four Wazirs in Brunei and was known as Pengiran Temenggong Sahibul Bahar Pengiran Anak Hashim. He had acted as regent when Sultan Abdul Momin became old. At that time also, his elder brother, Pengiran Pemancha Pengiran Anak Muhammad Salleh had died.
Contents
Reign
Upon his ascension to the throne, Sultan Hashim inherited a much smaller kingdom than when his father was Sultan. He faced a challenge from the British North Borneo Company and the Brooke government in Sarawak who wanted more lands from Brunei and Brunei was not strong enough to stop them from taking control of these lands. Therefore, although he was aware of Sultan Abdul Momin’s Amanat, he still had to sign an agreement to cede Terusan to Sarawak.
Treaty of Protection 1888
During Sultan Hashim’s reign, two important agreements were made between Brunei and Britain. The Treaty of Protection of 1888 made Brunei a British Protectorate.
The Loss of Limbang
Limbang, which today become part of Sarawak, was originally part of the Sultanate of Brunei until the reign of Sultan Hashim. However, it was after the signing of the Treaty of Protection of 1888 did Brunei loss Limbang. This treaty eventually did not save Brunei from any foreign intervention because the British did not stop Charles Brooke from seizing Limbang in 1890. In 1901 and 1902, Brooke and Hewett asked Sultan Hashim to cede Belait and Tutong to them but Sultan Hashim refused and said, “What would happen to me, my chiefs and my descendants? I should be left like a tree, stripped of branches and twigs.”
The beginning of British Indirect rule in Brunei
Sultan Hashim felt that the British were not really protecting Brunei. He sought help from Sultan Abdul Hamid of Turkey. The British discovered this and decided to send Malcolm McArthur to solve the problems in Brunei. Therefore, the Supplementary Agreement of 1905/1906 was signed. Under this treaty, Brunei accepted a British Resident to advise the Sultan on both external and internal affairs except those relating to Islam and Malay customs.
Death
In 1903, his eldest son and chosen heir, Pengiran Muda Besar Omar Ali Saifuddin, died in an outbreak of cholera, as did his second son, Pengiran Muda Tengah. Mourning their deaths, his health deteriorated further.
Sultan Hashim died in May 1906. He was buried at the Royal Mausoleum in Bandar Seri Begawan, alongside his father, Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II.
References
| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by | Sultan of Brunei 1885 – 1906 |
Succeeded by Muhammad Jamalul Alam II under British protectorate |
