The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Slovene pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
English approximations are in some cases very loose, and only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. See Slovene phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Slovene.
Consonants
| IPA |
Letter |
Tonal
orth. |
Examples |
nearest English equivalent |
| b |
b |
bob |
bob |
| d |
d |
dan |
done |
| d͡z |
c |
brivec brije[1] |
heads |
| d͡ʒ |
dž |
džez |
George |
| f |
f |
film |
film |
| ɡ |
g |
gora |
gore |
| ɣ |
h |
vrh drevesa[1] |
Spanish razgo |
| j |
j |
jaz[2] |
yaw |
| k |
k |
kolo |
cola |
| l |
l, lj[2] |
luka |
Luke |
| m |
m |
morje |
more |
| n |
n, nj[2] |
ne |
no |
| ŋ |
n |
banka[3] |
bank |
| p |
p |
pet |
pet |
| ɾ |
r |
robot |
robot (trilled) |
| s |
s |
stol |
stole |
| ʃ |
š |
šum |
shell |
| t |
t |
ti |
tattoo |
| t͡s |
c |
car |
shorts |
| t͡ʃ |
č |
čaj |
church |
| v |
f |
filozof Dolar[1] |
van |
| ʋ |
v |
voda |
van (weaker) |
| w |
l, v |
ł |
cerkev[4] |
we |
| x |
h |
harfa |
(Scottish) loch |
| z |
z |
zima |
zoo |
| ʒ |
ž |
žaba |
fusion |
|
Combinations of vowels and tone[5]
| Low tone (or "rising") vowels |
| IPA |
Letter |
Stress
orth. |
Tonal
orth.[6][7] |
Examples |
nearest English equivalent |
| àː |
a |
á |
danes |
father |
| ɛ̀ː |
e |
ê |
é |
zemlja |
British square |
| èː |
é |
ẹ́ |
cerkev |
late |
| ə̀ |
è |
ə̀ |
sem (stressed) |
about |
| ə̀ɾ |
r |
ŕ |
vrba |
US: verb (trilled) |
| ìː |
i |
í |
hiša |
least |
| ɔ̀ː |
o |
ô |
ó |
poten |
more |
| òː |
ó |
ọ́ |
erotičen |
goat |
| ùː |
u |
ú |
truplo |
scoop |
| High tone (or "falling") vowels |
| á |
a |
à |
ȁ |
brat |
father (shorter) |
| áː |
á |
ȃ |
grad |
father |
| ɛ́ |
e |
è |
ȅ |
met |
let |
| ɛ́ː |
ê |
ȇ |
adverb |
British square |
| éː |
é |
ẹ̑ |
kreda |
late |
| ə́ |
è |
ə̏ |
pes |
about |
| ə́ɾ |
r |
ŕ |
ȓ |
tržnica |
US: verb (trilled) |
| í |
i |
ì |
ȉ |
bik |
list |
| íː |
í |
ȋ |
list |
least |
| ɔ́ |
o |
ò |
ȍ |
on |
lot |
| ɔ́ː |
ô |
ȏ |
alkova |
more |
| óː |
ó |
ọ̑ |
pot |
goat |
| ǿ |
ö |
ö̀ |
ö̏ |
[example needed]8 |
Somewhat like nurse (shorter) |
| ú |
u |
ù |
ȕ |
kruh |
foot |
| úː |
ú |
ȗ |
romunščina |
scoop |
| ý |
ü |
ǜ |
ü̏ |
Türk[8] |
German Psychologie |
| Unstressed vowels |
| a |
a |
žena |
father (shorter) |
| ɛ |
e |
medved |
let |
| ə |
e |
ə |
danes |
about |
| əɾ |
er, r |
ər, r |
koder, potrditi |
US: verb (trilled) |
| i |
i |
biti |
list |
| ɔ |
o |
potok |
lot |
| u |
u |
mamut |
foot |
|
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 [d͡z, ɣ, v] are allophones of /t͡s, x, f/ that occur before voiced consonants (Herrity (2000:16)).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Orthographic sequences ⟨lj, nj, rj⟩ are pronounced /lj, nj, rj/ only if a vowel follows, otherwise the /j/ is not pronounced. In the case of ⟨rj⟩ it is reflected in the orthography, but for ⟨lj, nj⟩ it is not.
- ↑ [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ before /k, g, x/ (Pretnar & Tokarz (1980:21), Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:136)).
- ↑ In standard Slovene [w] is an allophone of /v/ (also /l/ in some cases) before consonants and pause (Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:136)).
- ↑ Some scholars have found that vowel length in standard Slovene is no longer distinctive, (Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:136), Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., Srebot-Rejec (1988)) and that the only differences in vowel length are that the stressed vowels are longer than the unstressed ones,(Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., Šuštaršič, Komar & Petek (1999:137)) and that stressed open syllables are longer than stressed closed syllables (Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.).
- ↑ Tonic marks are not part of the orthography, but are found in dictionaries, such as Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Tone marks can also be found on ⟨r⟩, which signifies the sequence /ər/.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Wherever possible, one should transcribe Slovene with both tonic and stress marks. If the correct tones are unknown, it is acceptable to put only a stress-based transcription.
- ↑ Present only in loanwords and dialectal words; can be substituted by /ɛ́/ (in case of /ǿ/) and /í/ (in case of /ý/).
Bibliography
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