Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney

Henry Sydney, Earl of Romney

Henry Sydney (or Sidney), 1st Earl of Romney (8 April 1641 – 8 April 1704) was an English politician and army officer. Often dismissed as a mere flunkey and court favourite, he was nevertheless a expert Statesman, with an adroitness for manipulating men.

Life

Born in Paris, a son of Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester, of Penshurst Place in Kent, England, and his wife, born Lady Dorothy Percy, a daughter of Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland and sister of Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, Sydney was a brother of Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester, who was born in 1619; Algernon Sydney, the Republican martyr, who was born at Penshurst Place in 1622 but was executed, having been found party to the "Rye House Plot" 1683; and Robert Sidney. Henry's sister was Dorothy Spencer, Countess of Sunderland.

Sydney entered Parliament in 1679. He was employed by Sunderland to negotiate with William of Orange in 1688, and was one of the signatories to, and the actual author of, the cipher sent to the Prince calling for the Glorious Revolution. In the upshot, when King James II & VII was deposed under legislation (from his brother Charles II's reign) intended to bar him from the succession, the new King created Sydney Baron Milton and Viscount Sydney in 1689.

He was present at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690, and was later to become employed by King William as envoy to the Hague and also served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland for the period between 1692 and 1693 and was created Earl of Romney in 1694, but began to lose favour at the court under Queen Anne.

Henry Sidney served as Master-General of the Ordnance from 1693 to 1702. Additionally, he was a Lieutenant-General and Colonel of the First Regiment of Foot Guards (Grenadier Guards). He employed the Sidney family emblem, the pheon or broad arrow, on prison uniforms and other government property.

In 1694, Sydney succeeded the Earl of Dorset as Chief Ranger of Greenwich Park in London. He built a diversion of the main road from Woolwich to Deptford so that it ran between the Queen's House and Greenwich Palace, its present course. Part of the road is called Romney Road after him.

He died unmarried, in London, 'a proud but drunken man' aged 63.

The University of Nottingham Library contains a catalogue of the papers of Hans William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland, which outlines much of Sidney’s correspondence.

There further have survived 98 letters between Sidney and George Legge, 1st Baron Dartmouth, which include papers written by Dartmouth during his confinement at the Tower.

References

Political offices
Preceded by The Earl of Nottingham	Secretary of State for the Northern Department 1690-1692	Succeeded by The Earl of Nottingham
Preceded by Lords Justices	Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1692–1693	Succeeded by Lords Justices
Military offices
Preceded by The Duke of Grafton	Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards 1689–1690	Succeeded by The 2nd Duke of Schomberg
Vacant Title last held by The 1st Duke of Schomberg	Master-General of the Ordnance 1693–1702	Succeeded by The Duke of Marlborough
Preceded by The 2nd Duke of Schomberg	Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards 1693–1704	Succeeded by The Duke of Marlborough
Court offices
Preceded by Sidney Godolphin	Master of the Robes 1679–1685	Succeeded by Arthur Herbert
Preceded by The Earl of Portland	Groom of the Stole 1699–1704	Succeeded by The Duchess of Marlborough
Honorary titles
Preceded by Sir John Beaumont	Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1691–1702	Succeeded by Prince George of Denmark
Preceded by The Lord Teynham	Vice-Admiral of Kent 1689–1702	Succeeded by The 4th Earl of Winchilsea
Preceded by The 3rd Earl of Winchilsea	Lord Lieutenant of Kent jointly with The Earl of Westmorland 1692–1693 1689–1704
	Custos Rotulorum of Kent 1689–1704
Peerage of England
New title	Earl of Romney 1694–1704	Extinct
	Viscount Sidney 1689–1704