Hercules beetle

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Hercules beetle
Dynastes hercules ecuatorianus MHNT.jpg
Male Hercules beetle, Dynastes hercules.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Coleoptera
Family:
Scarabaeidae
Subfamily:
Dynastinae
Genus:
Dynastes
Species:
D. hercules
Binomial name
Dynastes hercules

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The Hercules beetle (Dynastes hercules) is the most famous and the largest of the rhinoceros beetles. It is native to the rainforests of Central America, South America, and the Lesser Antilles. The beetle has also been observed as far north as Southern Veracruz in Mexico. It is the largest of the six species in the Dynastes genus, and one of the largest beetles known, up to 17 cm (6.5 in) in length it is only exceeded by two other beetles in the family Cerambycidae, Macrodontia cervicornis (specimens of 17–17.5 cm are known) and Titanus giganteus (also up to 17–17.5 cm; several 18+ cm specimens are reputed/alleged to exist). However, if the horns are excluded, both M. cervicornis and D. hercules drop considerably farther down in the size rankings, leaving T. giganteus on top. One reason for this is that the development of the horns is allometric, as well as sexually dimorphic, and thus not strictly correlated to actual body size; it is possible for a female to be much longer, measured from eyes to abdomen, than a male, yet be considered "smaller" simply due to the absence of horns.

As noted above, Hercules beetles are highly sexually dimorphic, with the females generally being larger-bodied but much shorter, as they lack horns entirely. The larval stage of the Hercules beetle will last one to two years, with the larva growing up to 4.5 inches (11 cm) in length and weighing more than 100 grams. Much of the life of the larva is spent tunneling through its primary food source of rotting wood. After the larval period, transformation into a pupa, and moulting, the beetle then emerges as an adult. Adults will roam the forest floor in search of decaying fruit.

Anecdotal reports exist of the Hercules beetle being able to carry up to 850 times its body mass[1] but actual measurements on a much smaller (and relatively stronger: see square-cube law) species of rhinoceros beetle shows a carrying capacity only up to 100 times their body mass, at which point they can barely move.[2][3]

Subspecies

  • Dynastes hercules baudrii Pinchon, 1976
    • Origin: Martinique
    • Male size: 50–100 mm; female: 45–55 mm
  • Dynastes hercules bleuzeni Silvestre and Dechambre, 1995
    • Origin: Venezuela
    • Male size: 55–155 mm; female: 45–75 mm
  • Dynastes hercules ecuatorianus Ohaus, 1913
    • Origin: Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Brazil
    • Male size: 55–165 mm; female: 50–80 mm
  • Dynastes hercules hercules (Linnaeus, 1758).
    • Origin: Guadeloupe, Dominica
    • Male size: 45–178 (max: 220 mm?); female: 50–80 mm
  • Dynastes hercules septentrionalis
    • Origin: Extreme Southern Mexico, Central America
    • Male size: 50–150 mm; female: 40–80 mm
  • Dynastes hercules tuxtlaensis Moron, 1993
    • Origin: Mexico
    • Male size: 70–110 mm; female: 45–60 mm
  • Dynastes hercules occidentals

Gallery

  • Dynastes hercules (female).jpg

    Female

  • Hercules beetle (larva).jpg

    Larva

  • Dynastes hercules hercules01.JPG

    Dynastes hercules hercules. Male

  • Dynastes hercules.lichyi (male)2.JPG

    Dynastes hercules lichyi. Male from Peru (144mm)

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Further reading

External links

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