Hermine Reuss of Greiz
| Princess Hermine | |
|---|---|
| File:Hermine of Reuss.jpg | |
| Born | 17 December 1887 Greiz, Principality of Reuss-Greiz, German Empire |
| Died | Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist. Paulinenhof Internment Camp, Frankfurt (Oder), Brandenburg, Allied-occupied Germany |
| Burial | 15 August 1947 Antique Temple, Sanssouci Park, Potsdam |
| Spouse | Prince Johann von Schönaich-Carolath (m. 1907–20; his death) Wilhelm II, German Emperor (m. 1922–41; his death) |
| Issue | Prince Hans Georg von Schönaich-Carolath Prince Georg Wilhelm von Schönaich-Carolath Princess Hermine Caroline of Schönaich-Carolath Prince Ferdinand Johann von Schönaich-Carolath Princess Henriette of Schönaich-Carolath |
| House | House of Reuss (by birth) House of Schönaich-Carolath (by marriage) House of Hohenzollern (by marriage) |
| Father | Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz |
| Mother | Princess Ida of Schaumburg-Lippe |
| Religion | Lutheranism |
Princess Hermine Reuss (Elder Line) of Greiz (German: Hermine Prinzessin Reuß (Altere Linie)[1][2] 17 December 1887 – 7 August 1947), widowed Princess von Schoenaich-Carolath, was the second wife of Wilhelm II (1859–1941);[3] they were married in 1922, four years after he had abdicated as German Emperor and King of Prussia.
Contents
Early life
Princess Hermine was born in Greiz, the fifth child and fourth daughter of Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss (Elder Line) (28 March 1846 – 19 April 1902), and Princess Ida Mathilde Adelheid of Schaumburg-Lippe (28 July 1852 – 28 September 1891), daughter of Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe.[3] Her father was the ruler of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz, a state of the German Empire, in what is present-day Thuringia. Princess Hermine's disabled elder brother became Prince Henry XXIV in 1902.
Upon her mother's early death, she was raised at the court of Princess Louise of Prussia, daughter of Emperor Wilhelm I, and her husband Grand Duke Frederick I of Baden. Like Hermine's father, Princess Louise was an implacable enemy of Prince Bismarck.[citation needed]
First marriage
Hermine was married, on 7 January 1907 in Greiz to Prince Johann George Ludwig Ferdinand August von Schoenaich-Carolath (11 September 1873 – 7 April 1920).[3]
They were the parents to five children:
- Prince Hans Georg Heinrich Ludwig Friedrich Hermann Ferdinand von Schönaich-Carolath (3 November 1907 – 9 August 1943), married Baroness Sibylle von Zedlitz und Leipe, killed in action at the Eastern Front during the Second World War
- Prince Georg Wilhelm von Schönaich-Carolath (16 March 1909 – 1 November 1927), died unmarried
- Princess Hermine Caroline Wanda Ida Luise Feodora Viktoria Auguste von Schönaich-Carolath (born 9 May 1910), married Hugo Herbert Hartung
- Prince Ferdinand Johann Georg Hermann Heinrich Ludwig Wilhelm Friedrich August von Schönaich-Carolath (5 April 1913 – 17 October 1973), married Rose Rauch, then Baroness Margret von Seckendorff
- Princess Henriette Hermine Wanda Ida Luise von Schönaich-Carolath (25 November 1918 – 16 March 1972), married Wilhelm's grandson Prince Karl Franz of Prussia (son of Prince Joachim of Prussia) in 1940 and had issue.
Marriage to Ex-Emperor Wilhelm II
In January 1922, a son of Princess Hermine sent birthday wishes to the exiled German Emperor Wilhelm II, who then invited the boy and his mother to Huis Doorn. Wilhelm found Hermine very attractive, and greatly enjoyed her company. The two had much in common, both being recently widowed: Hermine just over a year and a half before, and Wilhelm only nine months prior.
By early 1922, Wilhelm was determined to marry Hermine. Despite grumblings from Wilhelm's monarchist supporters and the objections of his children, 63-year-old Wilhelm and 34-year-old Hermine married on 5 November 1922 in Doorn.[3] By all accounts, it was a happy marriage. Hermine's first husband had also been older than she was, by fourteen years. Wilhelm and Hermine were 5th cousins through common descent from George II of Great Britain.
In 1927 Hermine wrote An Empress in Exile: My Days in Doorn, an account of her life up to that time. She cared for the property management of Huis Doorn and by establishing her own relief organisation stayed in contact with monarchist and nationalist circles in the Weimar Republic. Hermine remained a constant companion to the aging emperor until his death in 1941. They had no children.
Later life
Following the death of Wilhelm, Hermine returned to Germany to live on her first husband's estate in Saabor, Lower Silesia. During the Vistula–Oder Offensive of early 1945, she fled from the advancing Red Army to her sister's estate in Rossla, Thuringia. After the end of the Second World War, she was held under house arrest at Frankfurt on the Oder in the Soviet occupation zone, and later imprisoned in the Paulinenhof Internment Camp. On 7 August 1947, aged only 59, she died suddenly of a heart attack in a small flat in Frankfurt, while under strict guard by the Red Army occupation forces.[3] She was buried in the Antique Temple of Sanssouci Park, Potsdam, which would become East Germany 2 years later the resting place of several other members of the Imperial family, including Wilhelm's first wife, Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein.
Titles from birth to death
Although Wilhem was no longer a reigning monarch at the time of his marriage, he continued to use his titles in pretense after abdication. Hermine used the courtesy titles of German Empress and Queen of Prussia. By tradition, women were entitled to royal titles, styles and rank of their husbands if their statuses before marriage were considered equal or not "morganatic". As Hermine was born of a sovereign house, the marriage complied with the laws of the imperial House of Hohenzollern. Her titles by birth, marriage, and courtesy were:
- 17 December 1887 – 1907: Her Serene Highness Princess Hermine Reuss (Elder Line)[1][2]
- 7 January 1907 – 9 November 1922: Her Serene Highness Princess Hermine von Schönaich-Carolath
- 9 November 1922 – 4 June 1941: Her Imperial Majesty The German Empress, Queen of Prussia (held in pretense as there was no German Empire at the time of her marriage)
- 4 June 1941 – 7 August 1947: Her Imperial Majesty The Dowager German Empress, Dowager Queen of Prussia (held in pretense)
Ancestry
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hermine Reuss. |
|
Hermine Reuss of Greiz
Born: 17 December 1887 Died: 7 August 1947 |
||
| Titles in pretence | ||
|---|---|---|
| Vacant
Title last held by
Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein |
— TITULAR — German Empress Queen of Prussia 9 November 1922 – 4 June 1941 Reason for succession failure: German monarchies abolished in 1918 |
Succeeded by Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (editor). Burke's Guide to the Royal Family, Burke's Peerage, London, 1973, pp. 248-249,302. ISBN 0-220-66222-3
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Almanach de Gotha", Russie, (Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1944), pp. 90, 97, (French).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hermine Reuss. |
- Pages with broken file links
- Articles containing German-language text
- Articles with unsourced statements from December 2013
- All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases
- Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2012
- Commons category link is locally defined
- 1887 births
- 1947 deaths
- House of Reuss
- House of Schönaich-Carolath
- House of Hohenzollern
- Princesses of Reuss
- Wilhelm II, German Emperor
- German monarchists
