House of Schönborn

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File:Praha, Malá Strana - Tržiště (erb se lvem).jpg
Coat of arms of the Schönborn family from the Schönborn Palace in Prague.

The House of Schönborn is a noble and mediatised former sovereign princely family from the former Holy Roman Empire. Several members of the family have held high offices of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire over the course of centuries, including as Bishops, Prince-Bishops, Cardinals and Prince-Electors. In addition to several family members having been elected monarchs of ecclesiastical principalities—the Electorate of Mainz, the Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg, the Prince-Bishopric of Worms, the Prince-Bishopric of Speyer, the Electorate of Trier, and the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg—the family possessed a fiefdom in Franconia that held imperial immediacy, and was thus a principality of the Holy Roman Empire, the state of Schönborn.

History

Schönborn appeared first in the County of Katzenelnbogen in 1373 when Gilbrecht of Schönborn, a vassal, served Eberhard V of Katzenelnbogen. Later it was a German statelet ruled by the Schönborn family located in Franconia and areas at the Main River in Germany, located to the south of Bamberg and to the southeast of Würzburg.

The Schönborn family, originally from Schönborn, Rhein-Lahn, owned several fiefs in Southern Hesse. In 1661, Philipp Erwein, Baron von Schönborn (1607–1668), of Freienfels Castle near Weinbach, since 1654 also owner of Geisenheim, the only brother of Elector-Archbishop Johann Philipp von Schönborn, purchased the Herrschaft (territory) of Heusenstamm and built a new castle. In 1671 his son Melchior (1644-1717), brother of Elector-Archbishop Lothar Franz von Schönborn, acquired the fief of Reichelsburg. His son Rudolf Franz (1677–1754) married Eleonore von Hatzfeld in 1701, widow of the Count von Dernbach, who had left her the Herrschaft Wiesentheid in Franconia, which was a small Imperial State and raised to a County in 1701. She also inherited the Austrian fiefs of Arnfels and Waldenstein in Carinthia from her first husband. Her father-in-law Melchior then bought some further estates in Austria in 1710, Göllersdorf with Mühlberg and Aspersdorf in Lower Austria, from the (then extinct) Counts of Buchheim. In 1717, his estate was partitioned into the states of Schönborn-Wiesentheid and Schönborn-Heusenstamm. Heusenstamm was inherited by Schönborn-Wiesentheid in 1801. The state of Schönborn-Wiesentheid was mediatised in 1806; the family thus retained its princely rank.

In 1726, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, granted Palanok Castle with Mukacheve, Chynadiyovo and 200 villages in the Kingdom of Hungary (today part of the Ukraine) to Elector Lothar Franz who had elected and crowned him and was one of his main political supporters within the Empire. The estate, one of the largest in Eastern Europe, remained in the family well into the 20th century.

Lords of Schönborn (1385–1663)

  • Gerard (1385–1416)
  • Gerard (1416–1460)
  • John II (1460–1490)
  • John IV (1490–1529)
  • George II (1529–1560)
  • Philip (1560–1589)
  • George IV (1589–1613)
  • Philip Erwin (1613–1668), since 1663 Baron

Barons of Schönborn (1663–1701)

  • Philip Erwin (1663–1668)
  • John Erwin (1668–1705), since 1701 Count, jointly with:

Counts of Schönborn (1701–1717)

  • John Erwin (1701–1705)
  • Melchior Frederick (1705–1717)
Divided between the lines Heusenstamm and Wiesentheid.

Counts of Schönborn-Buchheim

  • Francis George (1682–1756)
  • Franz Philipp Joseph (1768–1841)
  • Erwein Damian Hugo (1791–1864)
  • Erwein Friedrich Karl (1842–1903)
  • Friedrich Karl Erwin (1869–1932)
  • Georg Erwin Karl (1906–1989)
  • Georg Friedrich Karl Franz Erwin Apollonius Erbgraf (1932–1973)
  • Friedrich Karl (born 1938)
  • Vincenz

Counts of Schönborn-Heusenstamm (1717–1801)

File:Heusenstamm schloss.jpg
Heusenstamm Castle, built in 1661 for Philipp Erwein von Schönborn

Schönborn-Heusenstamm was a German statelet ruled by the Schönborn family located in the south of modern Hesse, Germany. Schönborn-Heusenstamm was a partition of Schönborn, and was inherited by Schönborn-Wiesentheid in 1801.

  • Anselm Francis (1717–1726)
  • Anselm Posthumous (1726–1801)

Counts of Schönborn-Wiesentheid (1717–1806)

File:Wiesentheid BW 2013-03-27 09-20-55 stitch.jpg
Wiesentheid Castle, built in 1701 for Rudolf Franz Erwein von Schönborn

Schönborn-Wiesentheid was a County in Lower Franconia, the northwestern Region of modern Bavaria, Germany, comprising various isolated districts spanning from the Regnitz River to the Main River east of Würzburg. Schönborn-Wiesentheid was a partition of Schönborn, and inherited the other line of Schönborn-Heusenstamm in 1801. Schönborn-Wiesentheid was mediatised to Bavaria in 1806. These counts bear the prefix, Illustrious Highness.

  • Rudolph Francis Erwin (1717–1754)
  • Joseph Francis Bonaventura (1754–1772)
  • Damian Hugo Erwin (1772–1806)
  • Franz Erwein Damian Joseph (1776–1840)
  • Hugh Damien Erwein (1805–1865)
  • Arthur Franz Maximilian (1846–1915)
  • Erwein Clemens Chlodwig Karl Maria (1877–1942)
  • Friedrich Karl Anton (1916–1998)
  • Filipp Erwein Anton (born 1954, renounced his title in 2004.
  • Paul Anton (born 1962)

Prelates of the family

File:Drei Generationen Haus Schönborg.jpg
Altarpiece from 1745 at Gaibach Church: Three generations of the Schönborn family
File:Wuerzburg Cathedral N Transept Schoenborn Chapel f nw.jpg
Schönborn burial chapel adjacent to Würzburg Cathedral

This family counts several prelates of the Roman Catholic Church:

Palaces

The House of Schönborn, especially its ruling prelates of the Roman Catholic Church, were among the most important builders of Southern German Baroque architecture. An important art collection is shown at Weissenstein Palace in Pommersfelden, still owned by the Count of Schönborn-Wiesentheid.

  • Schönborn, Rhein-Lahn Castle (built around 1100)
  • Gaibach Castle (near Volkach), since 1650 to this day owned by the Counts of Schönborn-Wiesentheid
  • Geisenheim Castle, since 1652 to this day owned by the Counts of Schönborn-Wiesentheid
  • Heusenstamm Castle (built from 1661)
  • Schönborner Hof in Mainz (built from 1668)
  • Schönborner Hof in Aschaffenburg (built from 1673)
  • New Residence in Bamberg (built from 1697)
  • Favorite Palace in Mainz (built from 1700)
  • Wiesentheid Castle, from 1701 to this day owned by the Counts of Schönborn-Wiesentheid
  • Schloss Weißenstein (built from 1711-18), to this day owned by the Counts of Schönborn-Wiesentheid. It houses a famous collection of 17th-19th century musical manuscripts and prints, the "Musical Collection of the Counts Schönborn-Wiesentheid", mainly acquired by Count Rudolf Franz Erwein von Schönborn(1677-1754), a talented amateur cellist who had ordered original cello compositions from various composers including Platti and Vivaldi. This is called the "elder repertoire" and consists of 147 prints and 497 mss. Overview inc. bibliography. Its contents are listed with RISM. The "younger repertoire" was acquired by the cellists grandson resp. grand-grandson, Hugo Damian Erwein (1738-1817) and Franz Erwein von Schönborn (1774-1840). It consists of 141 prints and 98 mss. The whole library has been microfilmed access via DMGA. Reference.
  • Göllersdorf Castle, Austria (since 1712 to this day owned by the Counts of Schönborn-Buchheim)
  • The Federal Chancellery of Austria, built 1717-1719 for Vice-Chancellor Friedrich Karl von Schönborn
  • Würzburg Residence (built from 1719)
  • Bruchsal Palace (built from 1720)
  • Imperial Chancellory Wing of the Hofburg Palace in Vienna (1723-30 under Vice-Chancellor Friedrich Karl von Schönborn)
  • Werneck Castle (built from 1733)
  • Palais Schönborn-Batthyány, Vienna (to this day owned by the Counts of Schönborn-Buchheim)
  • Palais Schönborn, Laudongasse, Vienna
  • Schönborn Palace (Prague)
  • Skalka Castle near Vlastislav (Litoměřice District), Czech Republic
  • Chynadiyovo Castle, Ukraine

Art collection

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Count Hugo-Damian of Schönborn is the father of Roman Catholic Cardinal Christoph Schönborn

External links

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