Idris I of Morocco

This article is about Idris I of Morocco. For information on Idris I of Libya, see Idris of Libya. For information on Idris I of the Kanem Empire, see Idris I of Kanem.

Idris I إدريس الأول
Emir of Morocco
Reign	788–791
Successor	Idris II
Born	745
Died	791
Burial	Moulay Idriss Zerhoun
Spouse	Kanza al-Awrabiya
Full name Idris ibn Abdullah
Dynasty	Idrisid
Father	Abdullah al-Kamil
Mother	'Atika bint Abdulmalik

Idris I (or Idris ibn Abdullah) (Arabic: إدريس بن عبدالله‎‎ Idrīs ibn ‘Abdallāh) was the first ruler and founder of the Idrisid dynasty and also of the kingdom of Morocco, ruling from 788 to 791. He is credited with founding the dynasty that was instrumental in the early Islamization of Morocco.

History

Idris was the great grandchild of Hasan, who was the son of Fatimah and grandson of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. His brothers Muhammad and Ibrahim had been killed by the Abbasids during an abortive rebellion, and Idris himself escaped after the defeat of another Alid uprising at the Battle of Fakhkh in 786 and took refuge in the western Maghreb (nowadays Morocco). There he established the Idrisid dynasty.

The Tomb of Idris I (green roofed structure, bottom left)

In 789 arrived in Walīla, the site of the Roman Volubilis where he founded the town of Moulay Idriss near the hill of Zerhoun surrounding the native Berber tribes. It was then occupied by the Berber tribe of the Awraba, under Ishaq ibn Mohammed. He married Kanza, daughter of Ishaq ben Mohammed the king of the tribe, fathering a son, Idris II. This event is considered a consolidation and the birth of both the Idrisid dynasty and the birth of Morocco, the second Muslim State after Al-Andalus to cut off relationships and become independent from the Muslim Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad.

Idris I conquered large parts of northern Morocco, and founded the city of Fes, which his son Idris II would make capital city of the Idrisid dynasty. In 789 AD, he captured Tlemcen (modern day Algeria) which became part of the kingdom. This succession of events prompted vengeance from the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid, who sent emissaries to kill him. Idris I was poisoned and died in 791. His son, Idris II, was brought up by the Awraba, and left Walīla for Fes in 808. Idris is buried in Moulay Idriss.

External links

• (Arabic) Muslim rulers at hukam.net

See also

• Idris II of Morocco
• Idrisid dynasty
• History of North Africa
• Moulay Idriss Zerhoun

References

• Julien, Charles-André, Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, des origines à 1830, original edition in 1931, new edition by Payot, Paris, 1994
• Abum-Nasr, Jamil M. (1987). A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period.

Preceded by New creation

Idrisid dynasty 788–791

Succeeded by Idris II