If—
<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>
| by Rudyard Kipling | |
.jpg)
Edition of "If—" by Doubleday, Page & Company, Garden City, New York, 1910.
|
|
| First published in | Rewards and Fairies |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Doubleday, Page & Company |
| Publication date | 1910 |
"If—" is a poem by British Nobel laureate Rudyard Kipling, written in 1895 [1] and first published in Rewards and Fairies, 1910. It is a tribute to Leander Starr Jameson. The poem is written in the form of paternal advice to the poet's son, John.[2] As poetry, "If—" is a literary example of Victorian-era stoicism.[3]
The well-known Indian historian and writer Khushwant Singh claims that Kipling's "If—" is "the essence of the message of The Gita in English."[4]
Contents
Publication
The initial publication of the poem "If—" was in the "Brother Square Toes" chapter of the book Rewards and Fairies (1910), a collection of Kipling's poetry and short-story fiction. In the posthumously published autobiography Something of Myself (1937), Kipling said that his poetic inspiration for the poem was the military actions of Leander Starr Jameson,[5] leader of the failed Jameson Raid (December 1895 – January 1896) against the Transvaal Republic to overthrow the Boer Government of Paul Kruger some 15 years prior to its publication. The failure of that mercenary coup d’état aggravated the political tensions between Great Britain and the Boers, which led to the Second Boer War (1899–1902).[6][7]
Text
If
If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or being lied about, don’t deal in lies,
Or being hated, don’t give way to hating,
And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise:
If you can dream—and not make dreams your master;
If you can think—and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two impostors just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stoop and build ’em up with worn-out tools:
If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: “Hold on!”
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with Kings—nor lose the common touch,
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son.
Reception
As an evocation of Victorian-era stoicism—the “stiff upper lip” self-discipline, which popular culture rendered into a British national virtue and character trait, "If—" remains a valid cultural currency.[8] The British cultural-artefact status of the poem is evidenced by the parodies of the poem, and by its popularity among Britons.[9][10]
In India, a framed copy of the poem was affixed to the wall before the study desk in the cabins of the officer cadets at the National Defence Academy, at Pune and Indian Naval Academy, at Ezhimala.[11] In Britain, the third and fourth lines of the second stanza of the poem: “If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster / and treat those two impostors just the same” are written on the wall of the players’ entrance to the Centre Court at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, where the Wimbledon Championships are held.[2]
In popular culture
The poem was adapted and performed as a song by Joni Mitchell on her 2007 album Shine.[12] It was also performed by Roger Whittaker under the title "A Song for Erik". 'If—' is also referred to in the song 'If (When You Go)' by Judie Tzuke from the album Moon on a Mirrorball, as well as in the second verse of "Sowing Season", a song by rock band Brand New on their album The Devil and God Are Raging Inside Me.
The poem is recited in full by actor Ricky Tomlinson in the title role of the 2001 film, Mike Bassett: England Manager.
There is a classical translation in French by André Maurois, then interpreter with the British Army during the First World War. It was published in "Les silences du colonel Bramble" (1921), chap. XIV (Collection Poche, pp. 93s.).
Abraham Simpson quotes the poem to his son Homer in The Simpsons second season episode "Old Money," eliding the first half of the third stanza and the final two lines. Homer responds to the line "You'll be a man, my son" by saying, "You'll be a bonehead!"[13]
See also
References
- ↑ If poem was written in 1895 by Rudyard Kipling, originally first printed in Circa in 1895
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Khushwant Singh, Review of The Book of Prayer by Renuka Narayanan, 2001
- ↑ Kipling, Rudyard. "Something of Myself." Rudyard Kipling: Something of Myself and Other Autobiographical Writings. Ed. Thomas Pinney. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. 111. Print.
- ↑ "The New Britannica Encyclopædia", 15th Edition, volume 6, pp. 489–90.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://jonimitchell.com/music/song.cfm?id=311
- ↑ http://www.simpsonsarchive.com/episodes/7F17.html
External links
Works related to If— at Wikisource- Reading of "If—" on Wikicommons
If public domain audiobook at LibriVox- Authentic digital editions archive of "If—"
- Audio recording of "If—" with text
