Ilok

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This article is about the Croatian town. For the iLok Smart Key device, see iLok.


Ilok
Town of Ilok
Grad Ilok
View of Ilok from city's fortress
View of Ilok from city's fortress
Coat of arms of Ilok
Coat of arms
Ilok is located in Croatia
Ilok
Ilok
Location of Ilok in Croatia
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Country Croatia
County Vukovar-Srijem
Government
 • Mayor Zvonimir Dragun (HSS)
Elevation 135 m (443 ft)
Population (2011)[1]
 • City 6,767
 • Urban 5,072
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 32236
Area code(s) +385 (0)32
Website ilok.hr

Ilok[pronunciation?] is the easternmost town and municipality in northeastern Croatia, in Slavonia. Located in the Syrmia region, it lies on a hill overlooking the Danube river, which forms the border with the Vojvodina region of Serbia. The population of the town of Ilok is 5,072, while the total municipality population is 6,767 (census 2011).[1] The town is home to a Franciscan monastery and Ilok Castle, which is a popular day trip for domestic tourists.

Name

In Croatian, the town is known as Ilok, in German as Illok, in Hungarian as Újlak and in Turkish as Uyluk. In Hungarian language "Újlak" means "new dwelling or lodge".

History

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Ilok municipality within Vukovar-Srijem County
Ilok Castle

The area of present-day Ilok was populated since the neolithic and Bronze Ages. The Romans settled there in the 1st or 2nd century and built Cuccium, the first border fortification on the Danube. The Slavs settled here in the 6th century, and the Croats arrived here probably after the collapse of the second Avar Khanate. The area was later ruled by the Bulgarian Empire, until it was included into the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.

In 12th and 13th centuries the market-town of Ilok was mentioned in documents under various names (Iwnlak, Vilak, Vylok, Wyhok, Wylak). At the end of the 13th century, Hungarian kings gave the Vylak castrum to the powerful Csák noble family. In the 13th and 14th centuries, Ilok was a capital of the semi-independent medieval state of Upper Syrmia ruled by Ugrin Csák.

After 1354, the town of Ilok belonged to Nicholas and Paul Garay (in Croatian references Gorjanski), and then to Nicholas Kont of Orahovica and his descendants, among which was his great-grandson Nicholas and the last member of the Iločki family - Laurence of Ilok. Nicholas of Ilok was the Ban of All Slavonia from 1457 to 1463, and his son, Laurence was a duke of Syrmia from 1477 to 1524.

Since 1526, the town was under Ottoman rule. During this time, it was mainly populated by Muslims. In 1566-9, Ilok had 238 Muslim and 27 Christian houses. In 1572, it had 386 Muslim, and 18 Christian houses. In 1669, the population of Ilok numbered 1,160 houses, and town possessed two mosques. In 1697, Habsburg army took Ilok from the Ottomans and Muslim population fled from the town.

During the Habsburg rule, Ilok belonged to the Kingdom of Slavonia, a Habsburg province that belonged to both, the Kingdom of Croatia, and the Kingdom of Hungary. Between 1849 and 1868, the Kingdom of Slavonia was completely separate Habsburg crownland, and in 1868 it was joined with the Kingdom of Croatia to form the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Ilok was a district capital in the Syrmia County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

In 1918, Ilok first became part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and then part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (in 1929 renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia). From 1929 to 1939 Ilok was part of the Danube Banovina and from 1939 to 1941 of the Banovina of Croatia within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Between 1941 and 1944, during the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia, it belonged to the Independent State of Croatia, and since 1945, it was part of the People's Republic of Croatia within new Socialist Yugoslavia.

On October 17, 1991 during the beginning of the Croatian War of Independence, the Croats and other non-Serbs of Ilok fled as the Yugoslav National Army led by Serbs paramilitaries occupied the area, but spared it from destruction due to its rapid surrounding and occupation. Between 1991 and 1995, Ilok was part of the Republic of Serb Krajina. The area was peacefully reintegrated into Croatia in 1998, with the exception of island of Šarengrad on Danube, which is still under the control of Serbia.

Demographics

Historical populations of Ilok
Year Pop. ±%
1880 6,547 —    
1890 7,699 +17.6%
1900 7,865 +2.2%
1910 8,451 +7.5%
1921 9,130 +8.0%
1931 9,458 +3.6%
1948 8,839 −6.5%
Year Pop. ±%
1953 9,280 +5.0%
1961 10,049 +8.3%
1971 10,449 +4.0%
1981 9,891 −5.3%
1991 9,748 −1.4%
2001 8,351 −14.3%
2011 6,767 −19.0%
Note: Figures represent municipal population totals within the borders of present-day Ilok town.
Source: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857–2001, Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Zagreb, 2005

In 2011 census, the total population of Ilok was 6,767, in the following settlements:[1]

Ilok is home to the largest Slovak community in Croatia and are mostly situated 'down town' in Ilok which leads towards the Serbian border towards Backa Palanka .[2] Ethnic groups in the Ilok municipality (2011 census):[3]

76.68% Croats
13.82% Slovaks
06.49% Serbs
01.15% Hungarians

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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