Industrial Democracy
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Industrial Democracy (1st edn 1897;[1] 9th edn 1926) is a book written by British socialist reformers Sidney Webb and Beatrice Webb, concerning the organisation of trade unions and collective bargaining. The book introduced the term industrial democracy to the social sciences, which has since gained a different meaning in modern industrial relations.[2]
Industrial Democracy was published in 1897, three years after the Webbs published History of Trade Unionism, an account of the roots and development of the British trade union movement.
Outline
Industrial Democracy is divided into three parts. The first part concerns the structure of trade unions and concludes that "Trade Unions are democracies; that is to say their internal constitutions are all based on the principle 'government of the people by the people for the people.'"[2] Part II focuses on the function of trade unions and specifically the method of collective bargaining. The third part delves into the theory of trade unions.[3]
The imbalance of behaviour between employers and employees was described by the Webbs as follows.[4]
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The capitalist is very fond of declaring that labour is a commodity, and the wage contract a bargain of purchase and sale like any other. But he instinctively expects his wage-earners to render him, not only obedience, but also personal deference. If the wage contract is a bargain of purchase and sale like any other, why is the workman expected to toff his hat to his employer, and to say 'sir' to him without reciprocity?
Contents
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- Part I Trade Union Structure
- Chapter I Primitive Democracy
- Chapter II Representative Institutions
- Chapter III The Unit of Government
- Chapter IV Interunion Relations
- Part II Trade Union Function
- Chapter I Introduction and The Method of Mutual Insurance
- Chapter II The Method of Collective Bargaining
- Chapter III Arbitration
- Chapter IV The Method of Legal Enactment
- Chapter V The Standard Rate
- Chapter VI The Normal Day
- Chapter VII Sanitation and Safety
- Chapter VIII New Process and Machinery
- Chapter IX Continuity of Employment
- Chapter X The Entrance to a Trade
- (a) Apprenticeship
- (b) The Limitation of Boy-Labor
- (c) Progression Within the Trade
- (d) The Exclusion of Women
- Chapter XI The Right to a Trade
- Chapter XII The Implications of Trade Unionism
- Chapter XIII The Assumptions of Trade Unionism
- Part III Trade Union Theory
- Chapter I The Verdict of the Economists
- Chapter II The Higgling of the Market
- Chapter III The Economic Characteristics of Trade Unionism
- (a) The Device of Restriction of Numbers
- (b) The Device of the Common Rule
- (c) The Effect of the Sectional Application of the Common Rule on the Distribution of Industry
- (d) Parasitic Trades
- (e) The National Minimum
- (f) The Unemployable
- (g) Summary of the Economic Characteristics of the Device of the Common Rule
- (h) Trade Union Methods
- Chapter IV Trade Unionism and Democracy
- Appendices
- I The Legal Position of Collective Bargaining in England
- II The Bearing of Industrial Parasitism and the Policy of a National Minimum on the Free Trade Controversy
- III Some Statistics Bearing on the Relative Movements of the Marriage and Birth-Rates, Pauperism, Wages, and the Price of Wheat
- IV A Supplement to the Bibliography of Trade Unionism
See also
Notes
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- ↑ S Webb and B Webb, Industrial Democracy (1902) 842
References
- WH Dawson, 'Review' (Jul., 1898) 12 Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 136–143
