Intel Quark
Intel Quark is a line of 32-bit x86 SoCs and μCs by Intel, designed for small size and low power consumption, and targeted at new markets including wearable devices. The line was introduced at Intel Developer Forum in 2013. Quark processors, while slower than Atom processors, are much smaller and consume less power. They lack support for SIMD instruction sets (such as MMX and SSE)[1] and only support embedded operating systems. Quark powers the Intel Galileo developer microcontroller board.[2] The CPU instruction set is the same as a Pentium (P54C/i586) CPU.[3]
The first product in the Quark line is the single-core 32 nm X1000 SoC with a clock rate of up to 400 MHz. The system includes several interfaces, including PCI Express, serial UART, I²C, Fast Ethernet, USB 2.0, SDIO, power management controller, and GPIO. There are 16 KB of on-chip embedded SRAM and an integrated DDR3 memory controller.[4][5]
A second Intel product based on Quark, the Intel Edison microcomputer, was presented in January 2014. It has a form factor close to the size of an SD card, and is capable of wireless networking using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.[6]
In January 2015, Intel announced the sub-miniature Intel Curie module for wearable applications, based on a Quark SE core with 80 KB SRAM and 384 KB flash.[7] At the size of a button, it also features a 6-axis accelerometer, a DSP sensor hub, a Bluetooth LE unit and a battery charge controller.
In October 2015, Intel's Senior Vice President Josh Walden and Arduino LLC's Massimo Banzi announced the successor to the Arduino Uno would be the Arduino 101 and that it would be based on Intel's Curie module which itself was centered on a Quark processor.
Contents
List of Intel Quark processors
"Lakemont" (32 nm)
The name Lakemont has been used in reference to the processor core in multiple Quark-series processors.[8]:4[9]:42
"Clanton"
(The L2 cache column shows the size of the L1 cache)
| Model number |
sSpec number |
Frequency | GPU frequency |
L2 cache |
I/O bus | Memory | Voltage | TDP | Socket | Release date | Part number(s) |
Release price (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quark X1000 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
400 MHz | N/A | 16 KB | DDR3-800 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
2.2 W
|
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
Q4'13 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
$9.63 | ||
| Quark X1001 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
400 MHz | N/A | 16 KB | DDR3-800 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
2.2 W
|
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
Q2'14 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
$11.77 | ||
| Quark X1010 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
400 MHz | N/A | 16 KB | DDR3-800 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
2.2 W
|
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
Q1'14 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
$10.16 | ||
| Quark X1011 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
400 MHz | N/A | 16 KB | DDR3-800 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
2.2 W
|
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
Q2'14 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
$12.31 | ||
| Quark X1020 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
400 MHz | N/A | 16 KB | DDR3-800 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
2.2 W
|
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
Q2'14 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
$11.45 | ||
| Quark X1020D | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
400 MHz | N/A | 16 KB | DDR3-800 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
2.2 W
|
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
Q1'14 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
$10.70 | ||
| Quark X1021 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
400 MHz | N/A | 16 KB | DDR3-800 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
2.2 W
|
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
Q2'14 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
$13.39 | ||
| Quark X1021D | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
400 MHz | N/A | 16 KB | DDR3-800 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
2.2 W
|
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
Q2'14 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
$12.85 |
"Silver Butte"
| Model number |
sSpec number |
Frequency | GPU frequency |
L2 cache |
I/O bus | Memory | Voltage | TDP | Socket | Release date | Part number(s) |
Release price (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quark D1000 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
32 MHz | N/A | 0 KB | AHB-Lite, APB[10]:30 | eSRAM | 1.62–3.63 V | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
Q3'15 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
DMNIAD01SLVBT
|
"Mint Valley"
| Model number |
sSpec number |
Frequency | GPU frequency |
L2 cache |
I/O bus | Memory | Voltage | TDP | Socket | Release date | Part number(s) |
Release price (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quark D2000 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
32 MHz | N/A | 0 KB | AHB-Lite,[9]:72APB[9]:96 | eSRAM | 1.62–3.63 V | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
0.025 W
|
<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
Q3'15 | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
FND2000
|
Segfault bug
Intel Quark SoC X1000 contains a bug #71538[11] that "under specific circumstances" results in crash, known in the industry as a segfault. The workaround implemented by Intel was to prepend the affected LOCK instruction in the compiled code with a NOP instruction.[11] While Yocto Linux based embedded systems incorporate this workaround, general purpose Linux distributions such as Debian are deeply affected by the bug. Such a workaround is not easy to implement on multithreading systems as they require LOCK instruction to function properly.[12]
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Intel® Galileo Datasheet
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://ark.intel.com/products/79084/Intel-Quark-SoC-X1000-16K-Cache-400-MHz
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=738575
External links
- Intel Quark SoC Documents
- Quark family // Intel ARK (Product Specs)
- Intel's 'Quark' lineup targets wearables. Intel is making the tiniest of chips that can power wearable devices. // CNET, September 10, 2013
- Intel Unveils Tiny Quark Chips for Wearable Devices. Processor Is One-Fifth the Size of Its Low-End Atom Chip // The WSJ, September 10, 2013
- Intel introduces Quark, a tiny chip for the internet of things and wearable computing // The Verge, 2013-09-10
- With Quark, Intel blesses the market of chips for wearable devices // Ventureboat, 2013-09-12
