Invasive species in New Zealand
A number of introduced species, some of which have become invasive species, have been added to New Zealand's native flora and fauna. Both deliberate and accidental introductions have been made from the time of the first human settlement, with several waves of Polynesian[1] people at some time before the year 1300,[2] followed by Europeans after 1769.[3] Almost without exception,[4] the introduced species have been detrimental to the native flora and fauna but some, such as sheep and cows and the clover upon which they feed, now form a large part of the economy of New Zealand. Registers, lists and indexes of species that are invasive, potentially invasive, or a threat to agriculture or biodiversity are maintained by Biosecurity New Zealand.[5]
A small number of invasive species of New Zealand origin are creating problems in other countries.
Contents
Animal species
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Mammals
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Birds
InvertebratesFish |
Plant species
The National Pest Plant Accord, with a listing of about 120 genus, species, hybrids and subspecies, was developed to limit the spread of plant pests. Invasive plants are classified as such on a regional basis with some plants declared as national plant pests. The Department of Conservation also lists 328 vascular plant species as environmental weeds.[15]
Some of the better-known invasive plant species are:
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- Acacia species (mostly Australian) especially wattle
- Acanthus - bears britches
- Arundo donax - giant reed (or elephant grass)
- Banana passionfruit
- Darwin's barberry
- Blackberry[citation needed]
- Boneseed
- Broom
- Buckthorn (Rhamnus alaternus)
- Californian thistle
- Cape tulip
- Christmasberry (Schinus terebinthifolius)
- Climbing asparagus (Asparagus scandens)
- Didymosphenia geminata ("didymo" or "rock snot")
- Japanese honeysuckle
- Jasmine (Jasminum polyanthum)
- Gorse
- Heather
- Kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum)
- Lodgepole pine
- Loquat
- Lupin
- Mexican daisy
- Mexican devil (Ageratina adenophora)
- Mistflower
- Morning glory (Convolvulus)[citation needed]
- Moth plant
- Old man's beard
- Oxygen weed (Egeria)
- Oxygen weed (Lagarosiphon major)
- Pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana)
- Privet
- Purple loosestrife
- Queen of the night (Cestrum nocturnum)
- Ragwort
- Rhododendron ponticum
- Scotch thistle
- Tradescantia fluminensis
- Willow[citation needed]
- Yellow flag (Iris pseudacorus)
The city of Auckland has been declared to be the weediest city in the world.[16][17]
See also
- Agapanthus in New Zealand
- Australian magpies in New Zealand
- Blue morning glory in New Zealand
- Canada geese in New Zealand
- Cats in New Zealand
- Common brushtail possum in New Zealand
- Didymo in New Zealand
- Gorse in New Zealand
- Gypsy moths in New Zealand
- Old man's beard in New Zealand
- Stoats in New Zealand
- Wilding conifer
References
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- ↑ New Scientist Webpage: Rat remains help date New Zealand's colonisation. Retrieved 23 June 2008.
- ↑ Abel Tasman did not land, so is unlikely to have introduced anything.
- ↑ It has been suggested that the harrier hawk may have benefited.
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Further reading
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External links
- Biosecurity New Zealand NZ Government Agency responsible for biosecurity
- New Zealand Department of Conservation - animal pests
- New Zealand Department of Conservation - plant pests (weeds)
- Searchable database on unwanted organisms at the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
- Information on plant pests at Weedbusters
- PestWebNZ
- Publications
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