Invercargill (New Zealand electorate)

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File:Invercargill electorate, 2014.svg
Invercargill electorate boundaries used since the 2008 election

Invercargill is an electorate of the New Zealand Parliament that has existed since 1866. Since the 2014 election, the electorate's representative is Sarah Dowie of the National Party.

Population centres

The electorate covers Invercargill city and the surrounding rural area, including Stewart Island / Rakiura. In 1996 a boundary redistribution resulted in the abolition of the Awarua electorate and merged with Invercargill following re-drawing of boundaries due to the introduction of mixed-member proportional voting (MMP). Minor but steady population decline in the Southland region has generally resulted in Invercargill expanding northwards. The 2013 redistribution, however, has left Invercargill unchanged.[1]

History

The electorate was established in 1866 when it separated from the Wallace electorate.[2]

The first representative was William Wood, who won the 1866 election.[3] Wood retired at the end of the parliamentary term in 1870. William Henderson Calder succeeded Wood in the 1871 election and he resigned in March 1873.[4] The resulting 1873 by-election was won by John Cuthbertson, who served until the end of the parliamentary term in 1875.[5]

Cuthbertson was defeated by George Lumsden in the 1875 election. Lumsden resigned in June 1878,[6] which caused the 1878 by-election. Henry Feldwick was the successful candidate and he commenced his first of three terms for the electorate.[7] At the 1879 election, Feldwick was defeated by James Walker Bain, who retired at the end of the parliamentary term in 1881.[8] At the 1881 election, Feldwick was again the successful candidate,[7] only to be defeated again at the 1884 election, on that occasion by Joseph Hatch.[9] At the 1887 election, Feldwick defeated Hatch and commenced his third and final term for the Invercargill electorate, serving until the end of the parliamentary term in 1890.[7]

James Whyte Kelly defeated Feldwick in the 1890 election. Kelly became a member of the Liberal Party and served for three parliamentary terms,[7] but broke away from the Liberal Party and became an Independent Liberal in 1895.[10] For the 1899 election, the Josiah Hanan of the Liberal Party challenged Kelly, with Hanan being successful.[11] Hanan served the electorate until 1925, when he retired.[12]

The 1925 election was narrowly won by the former Prime Minister Sir Joseph Ward standing for the Liberal Party, who beat James Hargest of the Reform Party with 4957 votes to 4798; a third contender, Patrick Hickey, stood for the Labour Party.[13] Until 1919, Ward had for many years represented Awarua.[14] Ward, a former leader of the Liberal Party, contested the election under the "Liberal" label, despite the fact that the remnants of the Liberal Party were now calling themselves by different names.[15] In 1928, Ward helped form the United Party[15] and won the 1928 election.[14] He died on 8 July 1930,[15] which caused the 1930 by-election won by his son Vincent Ward, who retired at the end of the parliamentary term in 1931.[14]

Vincent Ward was succeeded by James Hargest in the 1931 election. At the end of the parliamentary term in 1935, Hargest successfully contested the Awarua electorate.[14] He was succeeded in the Invercargill electorate by William Denham of the Labour Party, who held the electorate for three terms from 1935[16] until his defeat in the 1946 election by Ralph Hanan of the National Party.[12] Hanan was re-elected seven times and died in office on 24 July 1969; the need to hold a by-election before the general election on 29 November was avoided by a special act, the By-election Postponement Act 1969.

The successful candidate in the 1969 general election was John Chewings, who was defeated at the end of the parliamentary term at the 1972 election by Labour's J. B. Munro. At the next election in 1975, Munro was in turn beaten by National's Norman Jones. Jones retired at the end of his fourth term in August 1987 and died shortly thereafter on 19 November.[17]

Jones was succeeded by National's Rob Munro in the 1987 election. Munro served two parliamentary terms before being beaten by Labour's Mark Peck in the 1993 election. Peck retired after four parliamentary terms in 2005 and was succeeded by National's Eric Roy in the 2005 election. Roy retired after three parliamentary terms and was succeeded in 2014 by Sarah Dowie.[18]

Members of Parliament

Key

  Independent     Liberal     Independent Liberal     United     Labour     National  

Election Winner
1866 election William Wood
1871 election William Henderson Calder
1873 by-election John Cuthbertson
1875 election George Lumsden
1878 by-election Henry Feldwick
1879 election James Walker Bain
1881 election Henry Feldwick (2nd time)
1884 election Joseph Hatch
1887 election Henry Feldwick (3rd time)
1890 election James Whyte Kelly
1893 election
1896 election
1899 election Josiah Hanan
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election
1911 election
1914 election
1919 election
1922 election
1925 election Joseph Ward
1928 election
1930 by-election Vincent Ward
1931 election James Hargest
1935 election William Denham
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election Ralph Hanan
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election John Chewings
1972 election J. B. Munro
1975 election Norman Jones
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election Rob Munro
1990 election
1993 election Mark Peck
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election Eric Roy
2008 election
2011 election
2014 election Sarah Dowie

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Invercargill electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election Winner
1996 election Eric Roy
1999 election

Election results

2011 election

General election 2011: Invercargill[19]

Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
National Green tickY Eric Roy 17,275 54.58 -1.39 16,140 49.88 +2.35
Labour Lesley Soper 11,012 34.79 -1.96 9,296 28.73 -8.15
Green David Kennedy 2,433 7.69 +2.73 2,723 8.42 +4.16
Democrats Stephnie de Ruyter 521 1.65 +1.65 129 0.40 +0.22
ACT Ian Carline 276 0.87 -0.33 397 1.23 -1.47
Libertarianz Shane Pleasance 133 0.42 +0.04 34 0.11 +0.05
NZ First   2,213 6.84 +3.44
Conservative   643 1.99 +1.99
United Future   264 0.82 -0.09
Legalise Cannabis   257 0.79 +0.28
Māori   162 0.50 -0.08
Mana   63 0.19 +0.19
Alliance   34 0.11 -0.05
Informal votes 863 324
Total Valid votes 31,650 32,355
National hold Majority 6,263 19.79 0.58

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 45,014[20]

2008 election

General election 2008: Invercargill[21]

Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
National Green tickY Eric Roy 19,414 55.97 +6.46 16,663 47.54 +8.05
Labour Lesley Soper 12,750 36.76 -6.22 12,927 36.88 -8.30
Green Craig Carson 1,718 4.95 +2.07 1,492 4.26 +1.18
ACT Ian Carline 416 1.20 +0.06 947 2.70 +1.55
United Future Maureen Smith 258 0.74 -0.70 319 0.91 -2.31
Libertarianz Shane Pleasance 131 0.38 - 21 0.06 +0.03
NZ First   1,192 3.40 -1.41
Bill and Ben   413 1.18 -
Progressive   292 0.83 -0.39
Māori   205 0.58 +0.25
Legalise Cannabis   179 0.51 +0.21
Family Party   145 0.41 -
Kiwi   105 0.30 -
Democrats   61 0.17 -0.02
Alliance   54 0.15 +0.08
Pacific   18 0.05 -
Workers Party   14 0.04 -
RONZ   4 0.01 -0.00
RAM   1 0.00 -
Informal votes 338 143
Total Valid votes 34,687 35,052
National hold Majority 6,664 19.21 +12.69

2005 election

Note: lines coloured beige denote the winner of the electorate vote. Lines coloured pink denote a candidate elected to Parliament from their party's list.

Party Candidate Votes % Party Votes %
National Green tickY Eric Roy 15570 49.51 12559 39.49
Labour Wayne Harpur 13518 42.98 14369 45.18
Green Craig Carson 906 2.88 980 3.08
United Ralph Kennard 453 1.44 1024 3.22
ACT Ian Beker 358 1.14 365 1.15
Progressive Heka Taefu 231 0.73 388 1.22
Democrats Bruce Stirling 187 0.59 24 0.08
Māori Party Gina Haremate-Crawford 163 0.52 106 0.33
Direct Democracy Craig Guy 65 0.21 11 0.03
NZ First - - - 1530 4.81
Destiny - - - 188 0.59
ALCP - - - 96 0.30
Christian Heritage - - - 56 0.19
Alliance - - - 22 0.07
One NZ - - - 13 0.04
Family Rights PP - - - 11 0.03
Libertarianz - - - 10 0.03
99 MP - - - 9 0.03
Republic of NZ - - - 5 0.02
informal votes 316 111
total valid votes 31,451 31,805
National gain from Labour (open seat) Majority 2,052

sourced from electionresults.govt.nz

1996 election

General election 1996: Invercargill[22][23][24]

Notes: Green background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Mark Peck 15,383 48.83 10,502 33.24
National Red XN Eric Roy 11,148 35.39 10,825 34.26
NZ First Owen Horton 2,302 7.31 3,757 11.89
Alliance Bruce Stirling 1,536 4.88 3,083 9.76
ACT Louis Crimp 441 1.40 921 2.92
Independent Philip Jones 294 0.93
McGillicuddy Serious Anthony Hobbs 200 0.63 105 0.33
United NZ Stuart Jordan 111 0.35 153 0.48
Natural Law Jacque Hughes 87 0.28 49 0.16
Christian Coalition   1,495 4.73
Legalise Cannabis   521 1.65
Progressive Green   60 0.19
Animals First   47 0.15
Green Society   26 0.08
Conservatives   14 0.04
Superannuitants & Youth   11 0.03
Libertarianz   8 0.03
Advance New Zealand 6 0.02
Mana Māori   4 0.01
Te Tawharau 4 0.01
Asia Pacific United 2 0.01
Ethnic Minority Party 1 0.00
Informal votes 207 115
Total Valid votes 31,502 31,594
Labour hold Majority 4,235 13.44

1931 election

General election, 1931: Invercargill[25]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent James Hargest 4,652 38.84 -8.25
Independent W. McChesney 4,144 34.60
Labour William Denham 3,182 26.57
Majority 508 4.24 -1.58
Informal votes 37 0.31 +0.05
Turnout 12,015 87.52 +8.02
Registered electors 13,729

1930 by-election

Invercargill by-election, 1930[26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
United Vincent Ward 5,194 52.91
Reform James Hargest 4,623 47.09
Majority 571 5.82
Informal votes 25 0.25 -0.51
Turnout 9,842 79.50 -13.62
Registered electors 12,380

1928 election

1928 general election: Invercargill[27][28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
United Joseph Ward 7,309 63.89 +16.98
Reform Morell Macalister 4,131 36.11
Majority 3,178 27.78 +26.27
Informal votes 88 0.76 +0.25
Turnout 11,528 93.12 -0.61
Registered electors 12,380

1925 election

General election, 1925: Invercargill[13][29][30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Joseph Ward 4,957 46.91
Reform James Hargest 4,798 45.41
Labour Patrick Hickey 811 7.68
Majority 159 1.50 -9.22
Informal votes 55 0.52 -0.34
Turnout 10,621 93.73 +3.44
Registered electors 11,332

1899 election

General election, 1899: Invercargill[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Josiah Hanan 2,451 52.82
Independent Liberal James Whyte Kelly 2,189 47.18 -2.07
Majority 262 5.65 -7.08
Turnout 4,640 79.94 +1.02
Registered electors 5,804

1896 election

General election, 1896: Invercargill[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent James Whyte Kelly 2,237 49.25
Liberal John Sinclair 1,659 36.53
Opposition William Benjamin Scandrett 646 14.22
Majority 578 12.73
Turnout 4,542 78.92
Registered electors 5,755

1878 by-election

Invercargill by-election, 1878[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent Henry Feldwick 230 51.22 +51.22
Independent James Walker Bain 219 48.78 +48.78
Majority 11 2.45
Turnout 449

1875 election

1875 general election: Invercargill[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent George Lumsden 180 53.10 +53.10
Independent John Cuthbertson 159 46.90 −5.58
Majority 21 6.19
Turnout 339

1873 by-election

Invercargill by-election, 1873[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent John Cuthbertson 159 52.48
Independent William Wood 144 47.52
Majority 15 4.95
Turnout 303

1871 election

1871 general election: Invercargill[36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Independent William Henderson Calder 142 61.21 +61.21
Independent George Lumsden 90 38.79 +38.79
Majority 52 22.41
Turnout 232

Notes

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 159.
  3. ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 149.
  4. ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 99.
  5. ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 102.
  6. ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 120.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Scholefield 1950, p. 105.
  8. ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 94.
  9. ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 112.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Scholefield 1950, p. 111.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Scholefield 1950, p. 146.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 103.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Invercargill results, 2011
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 2008 election results
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

References

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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