List of James Bond parodies and spin-offs

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The James Bond series of novels and films have been parodied numerous times in a number of different media including books, films, video games, and television shows. Most notable of all these parodies is the 1967 spoof Casino Royale, which was produced using the actual film rights purchased from Ian Fleming over a decade prior to its release. Unlike an imitation, a spoof is usually protected from lawsuits by the people whose property is being parodied.

Nature of James Bond parody

James Bond parodies generally contain several elements, adopted from the James Bond novels and films, which are featured in these parody works. These usually include the following:

  • The protagonist(s) is a near invincible, secret service agent, who works for a secret government national or international intelligence agency. In some parodies, the hero is recast as a bumbling idiot, who achieves the given objectives through sheer luck.
  • The protagonist is in frequent contact with beautiful, often scantily clad, women, during the course of his assignment. Some of these women are dangerous spies working for the other side.
  • The chief adversary is usually an evil genius, who heads an international criminal syndicate, which seeks to destroy the current world order, in order to achieve global domination.
  • Much is made of the use of innovative gadgetry, which the protagonist uses to his advantage.
  • Humour is an important component of this genre.

There are also various subgenres, within this style. Some of the most notable variants include: a female protagonist(s) (in place of the male), child protagonists, a strong science fiction element (known as spy-fi) and the erotic (adult) spy novel, comic, or film. The term Eurospy refers to the large number of films within this genre, which were produced in Europe. Although many of the James Bond parodies were produced in the United States or Europe, the genre is very much an international one, with novels, comics and films being produced across the globe.

Novels and comic books

  • The Book of Bond, or, Every Man His Own 007, sanctioned by Glidrose Productions,[citation needed] is a tongue-in-cheek guide to being a superspy. It was credited to "Lt.-Col. William 'Bill' Tanner" (a literary Fleming character), but was actually written by Kingsley Amis, who would subsequently write the Bond novel, Colonel Sun under another pseudonym, Robert Markham. The book's first hardcover edition had a false slipcover giving the title as The Bible to be Read as Literature (in the novel From Russia, with Love, a fake book with this title hides a gun). The paperback edition was published by Pan Books, formatted the same as its regular James Bond novels.
  • Similarly, James Bond's popularity have spurred other writers and book packagers to cash in on the spy craze during the 1970s by launching female-spy alternative versions, such as The Baroness by Paul Kenyon, The Lady From L.U.S.T spy thrillers by Rod Gray, and Cherry Delight by Glen Chase. The sexy superspy Baroness novels used many Bond references and formulae, such as the title of the second novel Diamonds Are For Dying, culinary and gastronomic descriptions of passages, and plot themes.[1]
  • Michael K. Frith and Christopher B. Cerf of the Harvard Lampoon wrote Alligator, by "I*n Fl*m*ng" in 1962. Another "J*mes B*nd" story titled "Toadstool" appeared in a Playboy magazine parody published by the Lampoon. Rumour has it this has not been reprinted because of plagiarism issues (some sections are very close to Fleming.) The cover of Alligator parodies the Signet Books paperback covers used for the Fleming novels in the 1960s, including a short Fl*m*ng biography, and a bibliography of nonexistent B*nd novels: Lightningrod, For Tomorrow We Live, The Chigro of the Narcissus, Toadstool, Doctor Popocatapetl, From Berlin, Your Obedient Servant, Monsieur Butterfly, and Scuba Do - Or Die.
  • There exists a very short book titled Pussy L'amour and the Three Bears, starring James Bear. Although the book James Bond: The Legacy mentions it, one known copy exists, and belongs to the owner of Bondian.com.
  • 007 -The James Bomb Musical An April 1965 Mad Magazine musical based on the James Bond films where the mysterious head of the evil organisation trying to kill 007 is revealed to be Mike Hammer
  • Sol Weinstein wrote four novels about Israel Bond, Agent Oy-Oy-Seven, beginning in 1965: Loxfinger; Matzohball; In the Secret Service of His Majesty – the Queen; and You Only Live Until You Die. As with the Harvard Lampoon volumes mentioned above, the covers of the American editions of the Israel Bond books were also based upon the cover designs Signet Books used for Fleming's Bond novels.
  • Cyril Connolly wrote the short story "Bond Strikes Camp", satirising a homosexual relationship between M and Bond.
  • Between 1965 and 1968, paperback writer William Knoles - sometimes described as "the greatest unknown writer of our time" - penned 20 novels featuring the character Trevor Anderson, codenamed 0008 under the pseudonym Clyde Allison. The series is variously described as "0008" or "The Man From SADISTO," and spoofs both Bond and The Man From U.N.C.L.E. among other icons of espionage. The books were published by adult publisher William Hamling, edited by Earl Kemp and featured seventeen "cover paintings by Robert Bonfils," many also with "hand-lettered titles by Harry Bremner." The series stretches from Our Man From SADISTO (1965) to The Desert Damsels (1968), and also features plots containing spoof characters based on Batman and Modesty Blaise among other heroes.[2]
  • Mabel Maney has written two Bond parodies, Kiss the Girls and Make Them Spy and The Girl with the Golden Bouffant. The two parodies are based on the character of Jane Bond, James' lesbian sister, who is called upon to replace her brother when he is incapacitated.
  • An Agent 00005 appeared in the science fiction epic The Illuminatus! Trilogy by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson, published in the early 1970s. This character, named Fission Chips, is a somewhat dim-witted Englishman working for British Intelligence, taking orders from a superior named "W." A fan of Ian Fleming's novels, 00005 has patterned his life after James Bond and is obsessed with an organisation known as "B.U.G.G.E.R." (a reference to SPECTRE) which he might have completely fabricated.
  • Bridge experts Philip and Robert King wrote a collection of bridge game-related short stories titled Your Deal, Mr. Bond; the title story features 007. (This shouldn't be confused with the official Bond novel, No Deals, Mr. Bond by John Gardner.)
  • Kim Newman's novel Dracula Cha Cha Cha features a vampire agent of the Diogenes Club named "Hamish Bond". The segments of the novel featuring this character are filled with references to the James Bond novels and films, including chapters titled "On Her Majesty's Secret Service", "From Bavaria with Love", "Live and Let Die" and "The Living Daylights". Bond's archenemy is a vampiric Blofeld (although there's a twist), and an alteration in his personality, towards the end, portrays the change from Sean Connery to Roger Moore.
  • Clive Cussler's novel Night Probe! has its hero Dirk Pitt alternately oppose and work with "Brian Shaw," a retired British Secret Service agent recalled to duty who had taken a pseudonym for protection from his many enemies. The book makes abundantly clear, explicitly so in the two characters' final conversation, that "Shaw" is Bond.
  • The comic book series Planetary has a secret agent character named John Stone who closely resembles Bond, but has some similarities to Nick Fury
  • One issue of the Sonic the Hedgehog Archie comics featured several references to James Bond in a story entitled "The Man from H.E.D.G.E.H.O.G." Among these were: a screen that depicted several of Dr. Robotnik's failed operations, all of which had been thwarted by Sonic the Hedgehog, all named after James Bond movie titles: Moonraker, Dr. No, Thunderball, and Goldfinger; the head of a secret intelligence group known by the alias "Who"; a crate labeled "For Your Eyes Only"; and Sonic making use of one of James Bond's humorous quips "Shocking ... positively shocking".
  • Bond is parodied as Roger Laser in The Fellowship of the Thing by John Salonia, published by Scarlet Succubus Press[3] in 2001. Laser is shanghaied by an alien scientist to serve as a spy/commando.
  • The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: The Black Dossier features a ruthless and sadistic British spy named Jimmy, descended from the League's 19th century go-between Campion Bond. He reappears in The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Century as Sir James, a respected figure in the intelligence community being maliciously kept alive by a vengeful M despite suffering from syphilis, emphysema, and cirrhosis.
  • Dr. No Will See You Now is a short piece by English humourist Alan Coren, featuring a geriatric Bond, still-virginal Moneypenny and nonagenarian 'M'.
  • Anacleto, agente secreto, Spanish comic by Manuel Vázquez Gallego.
  • Simon R. Green wrote the Secret History (book series), which involves a Bond-like investigator of Fantasy and SF criminals, including titles like The Man with the Golden Torc and Daemons Are Forever.

Films

In addition to the above, there have been literally hundreds of films made around the world parodying the spy film genre of the 1960s, if not directly parodying James Bond. One example is the 1966 film Modesty Blaise, which was a parody of the spy genre rather than a faithful adaptation of the (generally serious) comic strip.

Matt Helm

First published in 1960, Matt Helm is a fictional character created by author Donald Hamilton. The character is not meant to be a spoof of James Bond, rather having attributes of an homage, but not in the strict sense. Film versions of Matt Helm, as played by Dean Martin, were meant to spoof the 007 movies as well as the character James Bond. The four movies made took their titles from Hamilton's novels, though the movies had little in common with the books of the same name. The Silencers and Murderers' Row were released in 1966. The Ambushers in 1967 and The Wrecking Crew in 1969.

Austin Powers

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Austin Powers is a film franchise by British-Canadian comedian Mike Myers. Many of the characters throughout the franchise are parodies of Bond characters, including Myers' main character of the same name. Myers has said that Sean Connery was the inspiration for his character, especially Powers' thick chest hair. In addition, the names of the films are also parodies of Bond novels and films.

Films

Characters

  • Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the head of SPECTRE and Bond's archenemy, is parodied in all Austin Powers films as Dr. Evil. Like Blofeld, Dr. Evil has a facial scar over his eye and wears either a white or a grey Nehru jacket (which is also worn by the first Bond villain, Dr. No). Both characters also possess white Persian cats. Dr. Evil's cat, however, loses its hair due to a side-effect of the cryogenic freezing process which preserved Dr. Evil for 30 years. Dr. Evil is a parody of Donald Pleasence's Blofeld.
  • Emilio Largo, the SPECTRE villain from Thunderball is parodied in every Austin Powers films as "Number Two".
  • Colonel Rosa Klebb in the Bond film From Russia with Love and Irma Bunt from On Her Majesty's Secret Service are said to be the prototypes of Frau Farbissina, a top villain in Dr. Evil's organisation.
  • Basil Exposition, the head of Powers' organisation is meant to be a combined parody of both M and Q.
  • Random Task, is identical to Goldfinger's henchman, Oddjob, except he throws a shoe instead of a bowler hat.
  • Alotta Fagina is a parody, in name, of the Bond girl Pussy Galore.
  • The character Goldmember, like Auric Goldfinger, also had a passion for gold that also included a golden gun similar to Goldfinger's.

2012 London Summer Olympics

In an advertisement for London's 2012 Olympic bid, Roger Moore and Samantha Bond played Bond and Miss Moneypenny.[5]

Daniel Craig played Bond in a short film, Happy and Glorious, made by the BBC, produced by Lisa Osborne and directed by Danny Boyle as part of the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics. In the film, Bond is summoned to Buckingham Palace by Queen Elizabeth II—played by herself—and escorts her by helicopter to the Olympic Stadium.[6] Bond and the Queen jump from the helicopter into the stadium with Union Flag parachutes. After the film was shown, the Queen appeared and formally opened the Games.[7]

Imitations

There have also been numerous films that have attempted to use the James Bond formula. Some films that have been made have also used the character of James Bond unofficially.

Television

The animation Danger Mouse is a British parody.

NBC broadcast The Man from U.N.C.L.E.,[11] from 1964-68. [12] Ian Fleming provided a number of ideas for the series, including the names of characters Napoleon Solo and April Dancer.[13][lower-alpha 1]

Maxwell also portrays Moneypenny in the 1967 television special Welcome to Japan, Mr. Bond, produced by Eon Productions. The programme was intended to promote You Only Live Twice, and contained a storyline of Moneypenny trying to establish the identity of Bond's bride.[15]

The American television series Get Smart (1965-70) featured Don Adams as the consummate Bond spoof, Maxwell Smart, a self-assured but incompetent bungler (the character was also inspired by Inspector Clouseau as played by Peter Sellers) who got by on a combination of luck and the help of his savvy female counterpart Agent 99 in an ongoing battle with a quasi-Soviet enemy entity known as KAOS, with use of esoteric and often unreliable or useless gadgets such as his shoe phone; the series was also turned into a movie in the 2000s. Don Adams also voiced the title character in the Inspector Gadget, an animated Get Smart parody.


"For Your Files Only"

Jane Bond is the name of a fictional spy played by supermodel Claudia Schiffer in the first season of MADtv. In an obvious spoof of James Bond ("For Your Eyes Only"), Jane Bond went undercover as a temporary office secretary in order to stop an evil corporation (led by Dr. Boss, played by Mary Scheer and her office manager, Part-Time Job, played by Artie Lange) from taking over the world. Instead of having a licence to kill like James Bond, Jane Bond has a licence to collate. Immediately after making her famous introduction, "[My/The name is] Bond, Jane Bond" to Dr. Boss, Bond proceeds to remove the clip that was holding her hair up (and then shaking it out in a prolonged slow motion shot).

Jane Bond's gadgets includes standard office supplies like slingshot-like rubber bands (which she uses during a major office shootout), an extremely sharpened right index fingernail (which she uses to free herself from being tied up in rope) Whack Out (which she uses to subdue Part-Time Job, after initially seducing him), and a stapler (which she uses to defeat Dr. Boss, who had plans on killing Bond via a nitroglycerin filled water cooler). After defeating Dr. Boss, Bond proclaims that she likes her villains "Stapled, not stirred!"

"International Super Spy"

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The Backyardigans double-length episode "International Super Spy" portrays Pablo as a parody of James Bond. He wears a tuxedo in the episode and is seen adjusting his bow tie frequently. He goes through the episode trying to recover the 3 Silver Containers before the Lady In Pink (Uniqua) and her henchman (Tyrone) does. Tasha plays the head of the International Super Spy Agency, an obvious parody of M and Austin plays his secret contact throughout the film. Austin may be a parody of Q because he gives Pablo a video phone disguised as a banana split, a cell phone disguised as a hot dog, an astral projection device that is disguised as a snow cone, and finally he gives him a jet pack disguised as a pizza and a pizza shaped parachute. He also has a car with many different flying attachments (like a jet, helicopter and a glider). Like the real James Bond, Pablo is able to withstand torture when he is subjected to the Lady in Pink's tickle table and he likes his apple juice, "Shaken Not Stirred".

In the episode "The Invasion", aired during the third season of "Gilligan's Island", Gilligan dreams he is a superspy with the number 0014. When Mrs. Howell (playing one of the villains) is asked why his number is 0014, she replies, "Because he's twice as good as 007."

"Spy Buddies"

The SpongeBob SquarePants episode "Spy Buddies" has a parody. When SpongeBob is told that Mr. Krabs wants him to spy on Plankton, SpongeBob gets excited and a scene similar to the James Bond gun barrel sequence starts. SpongeBob walks into the circle, only to find that the circle is Patrick looking through a straw.

"For Black Eyes Only"

The series "American Dad!" made a parody of "For Your Eyes Only" The character Stan Smith plays as himself, but he acts like James Bond. He marries Sexpun T' Come (Francine) after "Tearjerker", but Black Villian (Lewis) and kills his wife by accident ( he was actually going to kill Stan, but misses and shoots Sexpun instead) One year later, Stan heards that Black Villain will do something evil by melting the Arctic with hair dryers, and his boss tolds Stan that Tearjerker (Roger) is still alive. He then finds Tearjerker in a underground jail and tells him to partner up with Stan. Tearjerker said that he used to work for Black Villain, but he betrays him. They then go to an market to find Tearjerker's partner (Klaus as a human), but he was killed by an black mysterious woman. Stan finds out that the black woman was Sexpun (a clone that Black Villain created, but makes her black) Tearjerker betrays Stan and works for Black Villain again. Stan tells Sexpun that he is her husband, but she disagrees (Stan gives Sexpun an photo locket of their wedding, but she throws it in a fire) He brings back her memories by sucking his toes (Sexpun did the same before Black Villian kills her) and teams up with Stan to stop Tearjerker and Black Villain. Black Villain then starts the hair dryers to melt the Arctic before Stan and Sexpun appears. The two villains try to stop the two by releasing clones of Tearjerker, but fails ( the clones attacked each other, then kissed each other) Then a big wave of water appears, but Stan, Sexpun, and Tearjerker escapes while Black Villain was left behind and drowned to his death. While their escape, Sexpun asked why they helped Tearjerker escape and kicks him and was stabbed by a pointed shark. Stan and Sexpun was making out until his boss called him. He congrats Stan for his work, even when the half of the world was drowned and sees the two making out. Meanwhile, Tearjerker survives and was to come out of the shark, but a killer whale appears and grabs the shark's tail and drags the both of them when white letters appears on the top of the screen, saying "To be continued" and "Or was it?". Saying that it might be Tearjerker's final days.

"You Only Move Twice"

An episode of The Simpsons, "You Only Move Twice", features the supervillain, Hank Scorpio. The James Bond analogue, "Mr. Bont", is based on Sean Connery's portrayal but he is captured and killed because Homer Simpson interferes with his attempted escape from captivity.

The final scene at Globex contains references to several James Bond films. The episode title and many references are from You Only Live Twice, with A View to a Kill also being referenced.[16] A character modeled after Sean Connery's Bond is tackled by Homer and killed after a parody of the laser scene from Goldfinger.[17] Mrs. Goodthighs from the 1967 James Bond spoof Casino Royale makes an appearance in the episode and a character based on Norman Schwarzkopf is attacked by Goodthighs.[18] The incident is also a reference to the character Xenia Onatopp, from GoldenEye, who specialises in crushing men between her thighs.[19]

The song at the end of the show, written by Ken Keeler, is a parody of various Bond themes. Keeler originally wrote it to be three seconds longer and sound more like the Goldfinger theme, but the final version was shorter and the lyrics were sped up.[20] The writers wanted the song to be sung by Shirley Bassey, who sang several Bond themes, but they could not get her to record the part.[17]

This is not the only James Bond homage in The Simpsons, however—the "Chief Wiggum P.I." segment of "The Simpsons Spin-Off Showcase" episode borrows heavily from Live and Let Die, even duplicating certain shots. Also, in an alleged "deleted scene" from $pringfield from The Simpsons 138th Episode Spectacular clip show, Homer, working as a blackjack dealer, causes James Bond to lose to Blofeld, with Oddjob and Jaws as his henchmen, when Homer fails to take out the Joker card and a card for the "Rules for Draw and Stud Poker" out of a playing deck. In addition, an opening couch gag features Homer as Bond in the gun barrel sequence that opens the Bond films. The character Rainier Wolfcastle, an action movie actor, also regularly references Bond. Also, one Halloween episode featured a computer run house with a selection of actor voices. When Bart suggests some 007, Marge asks "George Lazenby?" only to get slightly disappointed when Lisa says "No, Pierce Brosnan."

Video games

  • Operation Thunderbowel released in 1988 by Sacred Scroll Software is a text based adventure game featuring Shamus Bond going up against Blobum who is attempting to poison the UN with a powerful laxative.[21]
  • No One Lives Forever—Released in 2000 by Monolith Productions, the game combines elements of James Bond (including Goldeneye 007 and Perfect Dark).[22] It features a female secret agent, Cate Archer, that takes place during the 1960s. The game is similarly titled to John Gardner's Bond novel, Nobody Lives For Ever. No One Lives Forever A Spy In H.A.R.M.'s Way is the 2002 sequel to No One Lives Forever.
  • In Stuntman (video game) there are missions where the player must race through the streets of Monaco, for the film 'Live Twice for Tomorrow'.
  • The Command & Conquer: Red Alert series features a Spy unit for the Allies, depicted in a tuxedo and sounding similar to Sean Connery. In-game he is unarmed, can disguise himself as enemy soldiers, and sneak past any base defence undetected, only vulnerable to attack dogs or psi corps troopers. The Spy unit can infiltrate buildings to shut off power, disable unit production and radar, or steal resources - the second game allows the unit to capture plans for enemy unique units like the Chrono (crazy) Ivan or Psychic Commando, while the third game introduces the ability to bribe enemy units into joining the Spy unit's side.
  • James Pond is a series of games that parody Bond movies. Levels in a James Pond are also parodied with titles like A View to a Spill and Leak and Let Die.
  • Spy Muppets: License to Croak is a video game featuring Muppet characters directly spoofing James Bond characters, plots and titles.
  • In Metal Gear Solid, on the third playthrough of a saved file, Solid Snake wears a James Bond-style tuxedo.
  • In Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, the character Major Zero is a fan of James Bond as revealed during a codec conversation. The protagonist, Naked Snake, also chides James Bond as not being a real spy, ironically a meta-reference to the many similarities he has with Bond. The title theme, Snake Eater, is also a play on the jazzy pop title tracks from Bond movies—constantly describing nuances in the story and repeating the movie title over and over. Also before the title theme the Virtuous Mission may be considered a play on the pre-title sequences of the Bond series.
  • In the expansion pack to Grand Theft Auto, Grand Theft Auto: London 1969, there is a car called the 'James Bomb' which looks strangely like an Aston Martin. In the later GTA game, Grand Theft Auto V, Franklin Clinton is made to steal a car from the movie studio where it is being used as a prop in an action film. The car, called the JB 700, bears a strong likeness to the Aston Martin in Goldfinger, and shares a number of hidden features with that car, some usable while others are only referred to, such as two forward-facing machine guns, an ejector seat, a metal shield to protect the rear windscreen and deployable caltrops.
  • The computer game Evil Genius is played from the perspective of a stereotypical 1960s "Bond villain" type of character, as the player builds a trap-filled base, trains minions, hires elite henchmen, and fights off agents from various world intelligence agencies. The most difficult of the agents to defeat is the British agent John Steele, based on Bond.
  • In Rayman 3: Hoodlum Havoc, the Wanna Kick Rayman Lesson n°73 features a Hoodmonger Private First Class who dons a tuxedo and holds up a handgun in a characteristic 007 pose, before producing an enormous, laser-firing satellite dish-like device out of his arm.
  • Spy Fox parodies Professor Q, Money Penny, and his villains
  • One of the trailers for Rayman Raving Rabbids TV Party features a rabbid dressed in a tuxedo singing the James Bond theme in a gun barrel sequence. While singing, he notices the barrel, to which he looks into it and starts singing the rest of the theme into it, only to have a carrot shoot out from the barrel into his mouth.
  • Team Fortress 2 includes achievements for the Spy character such as "Dr. Nooooo", "For Your Eyes Only", "On Her Majesty's Secret Surface", "The Man with the Broken Guns" and "You Only Shiv Thrice".
  • In Operation Flashpoint: Cold War Crisis, a senior US Army Green Beret officer named James Gastovski introduces himself to the game's protagonist 1LT Dave Armstrong in a James Bond-like tone ("Gastovski, James Gastovski").

Music

  • Regular Urban Survivors, a 1996 album by the British rock band Terrorvision featured sleeve artwork that was very reminiscent of spy movies in general, and Bond in particular. It featured a painted cover, depicting the band members in a montage of Bond-like poses, and included Tropical locales, a man rappelling from the underside of a Navy helicopter, and a car very close to an Aston Martin in appearance crashing off a mountaintop road. The album also featured production credits styled to look like movie credits, and mocked-up 'movie' stills of the band in numerous action-packed poses. The song titles and lyrics do not always continue the Bond theme, though Enteralterego, the first track, is based on a 'spy theme' type riff, and features lyrics about bombs and cutting differently coloured wires. A second song on the album, Bad Actress, was considered by some critics to sound like a typical Bond-theme, complete with string arrangements and a suitably bombastic climax.
  • Licensed to Ill is an album by the Beastie Boys.
  • "Weird Al" Yankovic released a song called "Spy Hard" that is a similar to the songs "Goldfinger" and "Thunderball" and the background clip that is similar to the background clip of "On Her Majesty's Secret Service". This was the title theme for the film of the same name (see Films section).
  • James Bond parody of It Might Be You, the song's title is in the same title of the song. The music video featured Bond is in a fantasy world, Bond is lying on the grass and a young woman played by actress Cameron Diaz coming to Bond, Bond and the young woman fall in love and met in Paris, Bond kissed the young woman, Bond end up in a pink background, and scenes from Die Another Day.
  • WAW (Wild Aaron Wilde) released three songs in 2013 on the Total Eclipse label, called "Spy Fool", "Diamonds Are Very Shiny" and "Old Whinger", all three being in the style of James Bond songs, and featuring album art that was very reminiscent of an image of James Bond, albeit without trousers.

Internet

  • The gadgetry, titles, characters, product promotion and plots were parodied on the site Michael and Joel at the Movies.[23]
  • In October 2008, Greenpeace UK produced an animated parody called Coalfinger[24] featuring the voices of David Mitchell and Brian Blessed.

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. Fleming withdrew from the project following a request from Eon Productions, who were keen to avoid any legal problems that might occur if the project overlapped with the Bond films.[14]

References

  1. [1], Paperback Fanatic Vol. 15, 2010.
  2. The Life and Death of Clyde Allison (A William Henley Knoles Biography) By Lynn Munroe, originally published at eFanzines.com, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2002.
  3. Scarlet Succubus Press
  4. Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 210.
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  11. Geraghty 2009, p. 42.
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  13. Benson 1988, p. 26.
  14. Britton 2004, p. 36.
  15. Pfeiffer & Worrall 1998, p. 65.
  16. Martyn, Warren; Wood, Adrian (2000). You Only Move Twice. BBC. Retrieved on 27 March 2007.
  17. 17.0 17.1 Weinstein, Josh. (2006). The Simpsons season 8 DVD commentary for the episode "You Only Move Twice" [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
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  19. Anderson, Mike B.. (2006). The Simpsons season 8 DVD commentary for the episode "You Only Move Twice" [DVD]. 20th Century Fox.
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  21. Operation Thunderbowel Release information
  22. The Operative: No One Lives Forever for Windows - MobyGames
  23. Michael and Joel at the Movies
  24. Coalfinger

Bibliography

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