Japanese submarine I-19

300px I-19 in 1943
History
Japan
Name:	I-19
Builder:	Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Kobe
Laid down:	March 1938
Launched:	September 16, 1939
Completed:	April 28, 1941
Struck:	April 1, 1944
Fate:	Depth charged and sunk November 25, 1943 by USS Radford.
General characteristics
Class & type:	Type B1 submarine
Displacement:	2,584 tons surfaced 3,654 tons submerged
Length:	108.7 m (357 ft)
Beam:	9.3 m (31 ft)
Draught:	5.14 m (16.9 ft)
Propulsion:	2 diesels: 12,400 hp (9,250 kW) Electric motors: 2,000 hp (1,500 kW)
Speed:	23.5 knots (44 km/h) surfaced 8 knots (15 km/h) submerged
Range:	14,000 nautical miles (26,000 km) at 16 knots (30 km/h)
Test depth:	100 m (330 ft)
Complement:	94 officers and men
Armament:	6 × 533 mm forward torpedo tubes 17 torpedoes 1 × 14 cm/40 11th Year Type naval gun
Aircraft carried:	1 Yokosuka E14Y seaplane

I-19 was a Japanese Type B1 submarine which damaged and destroyed several enemy ships during World War II while serving in the Imperial Japanese Navy. During the Guadalcanal Campaign, with a single torpedo salvo, the submarine sank the aircraft carrier USS Wasp and the destroyer USS O'Brien, and damaged the battleship USS North Carolina.

Service history

Operation K-1

On February 23, 1942, I-19's floatplane made a night reconnaissance over Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in support of Operation K-1, a second attack on Pearl Harbor by the Imperial Japanese Navy. On March 4, she arrived at the French Frigate Shoals to serve as a radio beacon for the Kawanishi H8K (Emily) seaplanes that were to attack Pearl Harbor. The attack was canceled.

Sinking of USS Wasp and USS O'Brien

On September 15, 1942, while patrolling south of the Solomon Islands during the Guadalcanal Campaign under the command of Commander Narahara Shogo, I-19 sighted and attacked the U.S. carrier Wasp, firing six torpedoes.

Captain Tameichi Hara claims to have received word while anchored at Chuuk to the effect that Lt Cmdr Takaichi Kinashi was skipper of I-19.

Three of the torpedoes hit USS Wasp, causing heavy damage. With power knocked out due to damage from the torpedo explosions, USS Wasp’s damage-control teams were unable to contain the ensuing fires, she was abandoned and scuttled.

File:USSOBrienDD415 torpedo.jpg

O'Brien hit by torpedo as USS Wasp burns. Both ship were torpedoed and sunk by I-19.

The remaining three torpedoes from the same spread (torpedo salvo), often incorrectly attributed to a second Japanese submarine, hit the U.S. battleship North Carolina and the destroyer O'Brien, the latter of which later sank en route for repairs on October 19, 1942. Significant damage had been sustained by North Carolina, which underwent repairs at Pearl Harbor until November 16, 1942.

This single torpedo salvo thus sank an aircraft carrier and a destroyer, and severely damaged a battleship, making it one of the most damaging torpedo salvos in history.

Further information: Sinking of USS Wasp and Sinking of the USS O'Brien

"Tokyo Express"

From November, 1942, until February, 1943, I-19 assisted with the nocturnal supply and reinforcement deliveries, and later, evacuations for Japanese forces on Guadalcanal. These missions were labeled the "Tokyo Express" by Allied forces.

Fiji

Between April and September, 1943, I-19 was stationed off Fiji. During this time, the submarine sank two and heavily damaged one Allied cargo ship. After sinking one of the ships SS William K. Vanderbilt on May 16, 1943, I-19 surfaced and machine-gunned the surviving crew members in their lifeboats, killing one of them.

Loss

On November 25, 1943, at 20:49, 50 nautical miles (93 km) west of Makin Island, destroyer USS Radford detected I-19 on the surface with radar. After I-19 submerged, Radford attacked her with depth charges. I-19 was lost with all hands in this attack.

I-19 in fiction

I-19 was the number of the submarine commanded by Toshiro Mifune in the Steven Spielberg movie 1941. However, I-19 was off the Southern California coast in late 1941 along with a wolfpack of three other IJN submarines. On 25 December 1941, I-19 torpedoed the U.S. freighter Absaroka off of Point Fermin in San Pedro, Los Angeles, and the Absaroka was subsequently towed to and beached near Fort MacArthur.