John Archer (Maryland)

John Archer

John Archer (May 5, 1741 – September 28, 1810) was a U.S. Congressman and physician from Maryland, representing the sixth district for three terms from 1801–1807. His son, Stevenson Archer and grandson Stevenson Archer II were also Congressmen from Maryland.

Archer was born near Churchville, Maryland, and attended the West Nottingham Academy in Cecil County, Maryland, later graduating from Princeton College in 1760. He studied theology, but owing to a throat affliction, he abandoned his studies in that area and began the study of medicine. He graduated as a physician from the College of Philadelphia in 1768, receiving the first medical diploma issued on the American continent.

In 1769, Archer commenced the practice of law in Harford County, Maryland. He was a member of the Revolutionary committee from 1774 to 1776, and later raised a military company during the American Revolutionary War. He was a member of the first state constitutional convention of 1776, and served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1777 to 1779. During the Revolutionary War, Archer was volunteer aide-de-camp to General Anthony Wayne at Stony Point. On June 1, 1779, Archer was made a captain and subsequently a major in the Continental Army.

Archer was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Congresses, serving from March 4, 1801 until March 3, 1807. He founded, with his son Thomas Archer, the medical and chirurgical faculty of Maryland in 1799. In 1810, Archer documented a case of superfecundation, more specifically called "heteropaternal superfecundation," in which a Caucasian woman gave birth to mixed twins — one Caucasian, one Afro-Caucasian - after having had intercourse with two men of differing race within a few weeks. Archer died at his country home, Medical Hall, near Churchville, Maryland, and is interred in the Presbyterian Cemetery of Churchville.

The homestead of John Archer known as "Shamrock," in Bel Air, Maryland, remained in the Archer family until 1955 when much of the land was sold for a residential development and the 19 bedroom mansion, complete with slave quarters, was purchased by Nicholas J. Bonge, a local architect, for the "Bible Christian Center." Upon his death it was sold to an investor and later burned down to make way for the Calvary Baptist Church of Bel Air, Maryland.

References

• John Archer at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

External links

• Find-A-Grave profile for John Archer

United States House of Representatives
Preceded by Gabriel Christie	U.S. Congressman from the 6th district of Maryland 1801–1807	Succeeded by John Montgomery