Justified & Ancient

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"Justified & Ancient"
File:The KLF - Justified and Ancient.jpg
Single by The KLF
from the album The White Room
Released
  • March 1991 (original track)
  • 25 November 1991 (remade)[1]
Recorded Trancentral
Genre
Length 3:37 ("Stand by The JAMs")
Label KLF Communications (UK)
Songwriter(s)
  • Jimi Cauty
  • Bill Drummond
  • Ricardo Lyte
Producer(s)
{{{This album}}}

"Justified & Ancient" is a song by British band The KLF. It was featured on their 1991 album, The White Room, but its origins date back to the duo's debut album, 1987 (What the Fuck Is Going On?).

The song is best known for its remake that was released on 25 November 1991 as a pop-house single subtitled "Stand by The JAMs", with verses featuring the vocals of American country music singer Tammy Wynette. This version was an international hit, reaching number two on both the UK Singles Chart, and the US dance chart, number 11 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and hitting number one in 18 countries.[2]

"Justified & Ancient (Stand by the JAMs)" was the final release by the KLF through retail channels before Drummond and Cauty quit the music business and retired the KLF name.

Background

The KLF—King Boy D (Bill Drummond) and Rockman Rock (Jimmy Cauty)—began working together in 1987 as The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (The JAMs).[3] The song title "Justified & Ancient" refers to this pseudonym. The JAMs took their name from a fictional subversive cult from the 1970s conspiratorial novels The Illuminatus! Trilogy.[3] Just as the fictional JAMs made it their remit to propagate chaos and confusion, so too did the real JAMs and the KLF.[4] Their attempts to subvert the music industry and other establishments were frequent, unconcealed and controversial. The song "Justified & Ancient" is a statement of identity and rebellious intent. Moreover, it deliberately understates this intent. In contrast to the provocative and abrasive lyrics of the JAMs' album 1987 (What the Fuck Is Going On?), on which "Justified & Ancient" first appeared, the song has a soft and innocuous tune, and quaint lyrics:

"We don't want to upset the apple-cart, and we don't want to cause any harm, but if you don't like what we're going to do, you'd better not stop us 'cause we're coming through."

Origins

The words and music of "Justified & Ancient" feature several times in the work of The KLF and The JAMs, including their first album and their last full-release single.

The melody and one repeated lyrical verse of the song first appeared as part of "Hey Hey We Are Not The Monkees" from The JAMs' debut album, 1987: What the Fuck Is Going On?.[5] All of the album's most prominent characteristics are notably absent in this part of "Hey Hey...", which has female vocals (as opposed to the rapping of The JAMs' Scottish co-founder Bill Drummond), inoffensive lyrics, and it is free from plagiarised samples of other artists' recordings. Also in contrast, "Hey Hey" itself begins with a minute's worth of typical human sexual intercourse noises, arranged as a rhythm. It progresses into a cryptic and bleak spoken verse from Drummond and descends into a cacophony of samples from "The Monkees Theme". An abrupt cut takes the track into the gentle "Justified & Ancient" vocal line, which is syncopated similarly to African music and is at first a cappella.

In 1990, the recording re-appeared on The KLF's ambient album, Chill Out, in a part of the composition titled "Justified & Ancient Seems a Long Time Ago". This time the song provides a complement rather than a contrast to the mood of the album, which is passive and contains various authentic ethnic sounds.

In March 1991, a full song called "Justified & Ancient" appeared on The KLF's album The White Room. Sung by Black Steel, the song begins and ends the album. This version retains the lyrics and melody, adds an additional verse, and full song structure and instrumentation is present, in an arrangement akin to a lullaby. Where the song starts the album, it is interrupted at the point "...they're coming through" by urgent "Mu Mu!" samples and blazing machine guns that open the house track "What Time Is Love?". At the end of the mellower second half of the album, the song is presented in its entirety.

"Stand by The JAMs" featuring Tammy Wynette

File:Tammy Wynette - The KLF - Justified and Ancient.jpg
Tammy Wynette and the Handmaidens of Mu in the video for the song

In November 1991, the single "Justified & Ancient (Stand by The JAMs)" was released, featuring the lead vocals of country music singer Tammy Wynette, introduced in the sleevenotes as "the first lady of country". Drummond flew to Nashville to personally produce the recording of Wynette's vocals.[6]

"Justified & Ancient (Stand by The JAMs)" was an upbeat and funky version of the song, the subtitle referencing Tammy Wynette's signature song "Stand by Your Man", and the inclusion of subtle pedal steel guitar also referencing Wynette's country origins. The "Justified & Ancient" single marked a departure from The KLF's previous "Stadium House" trilogy of hits, which were driven by hooks and riffs and emulated a live performance by using sampled crowd noise. In contrast, the riffs, samples and rap of "Justified & Ancient (Stand by The JAMs)" were secondary to its conventional song structure of verses and choruses. Still, a riff borrowed from Jimi Hendrix' "Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" runs through the choruses.

A longer mix of this arrangement, "Justified & Ancient (All Bound for Mu Mu Land)", dispensed with the pedal steel and substituted Wynette's lead vocals with those of Maxine Harvey, a regular contributor to The KLF's material. It also contained an additional verse making references to various aspects of The KLF's mythology.

Some commentators were suspicious that the surprising pairing of Wynette with The KLF ("perhaps the oddest modern-day pop pairing" according to The Independent[7]) was a marketing ploy. Other commentators pointed to The KLF member Drummond's fondness for country music as motivating the collaboration, or to the fact a period of almost exactly 23 years[8] separated the first airings of "Stand by Your Man" and "... (Stand by The JAMs)".[9]

"I really don't know why they chose me. I was apprehensive at first, but I'm really excited with the way it's all turned out", Wynette said. "Mu Mu Land looks a lot more interesting than Tennessee.... But I wouldn't want to live there."[7]

"Justified & Ancient (Stand by The JAMs)" was the final single to be released commercially by The KLF through retail channels, following the US release of "America: What Time Is Love?" and followed only by a limited edition mail order release of a re-recording of "3 a.m. Eternal" featuring Extreme Noise Terror.[10]

Reviews and reaction

The single reached number two on the UK Singles Chart, being held off the number one spot for New Year's Day 1992 (not Christmas 1991 as is often erroneously claimed) by the re-release of Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody".[11] "Justified & Ancient (Stand by The JAMs)" also reached number 11 in the US Billboard Hot 100,[12] (returning Wynette to the top-40 on that chart for the first time since 1969), number three on the Australian Singles Chart,[13] number one in Sweden,[14] and number one on the Austrian Top 40.[15] The UK music press received the release generally positively: it was "single of the week" in New Musical Express (NME) and Melody Maker.[16] NME noted the "beautiful ethnic chorus lines! Ice Cream Vans! F--king awful lyrics!" [sic], and found that although the single "...lacks the sheer frantic rush of 'Last Train to Trancentral' ..., The KLF model a spiritual crown which elevates them several tower blocks above their amateur peers."[17] Johnny Dee from Smash Hits commented, "Very weirdy and very ravey, as we've come to expect from the odd bods in the snoods, but this "anthem" is given an extra tang by the vocals of country star, Tammy Wynette".[18] In the US, Larry Flick from Billboard commented, "The decision to enlist country music queen Tammy Wynette for the lead vocal was a stroke of pure genius. Her distinctive style provides a weird-but-appealing contrast to the British dance duo's electro/hip-hop instrumental noodlings. Sort of sounds like the theme to a space-age spaghetti western. A sure-fire club smash, look for this gem to reignite top 40 interest pronto."[19]

In 1995, a celebrity panel working for The Times compiled a list of 90 songs that represented the decade in music so far, with no more than one song per band allowed. "Justified & Ancient" was The KLF's entry (at number 44), with the lyrics described as "delightful nonsense".[20] Splendid Magazine echoed this, but even more eulogistically. "I still maintain that this song deserves a place among the greatest artworks of the 20th century. Not only is it a brilliant, gleefully daft, wholly nonsensical, perfectly ludicrous pop song with a chorus to kill for, not only is it a slyly subversive comment on the cynically repulsive old-artist-collaborates-with-young-artist phenomenon at the expense of itself, but, self-referential irony and all, it is and always will be globe-straddling pop music incarnate. Were a decision reached that all pop music was deemed unfit for human consumption and had to be destroyed, save for one song to keep us fickle masses in choruses, this would have to be the one, folks."[21] In 2006, Slant Magazine ranked the song at number 79 on their list of the "100 Greatest Dance Songs".[22]

Following their collaboration with Tammy Wynette, and the subsequent appearance of Glenn Hughes on "America: What Time Is Love?", The KLF were, according to mixer Mark "Spike" Stent, swamped by phone calls from fading music stars, including Neil Sedaka and Sweet, who were eager to work with The KLF to revive their careers.[23] This side-effect of The KLF's collaborations was at odds with their aim to subvert the music industry, as noted by GQ magazine in 1995. GQ published a retrospective of The KLF's career and interview with Bill Drummond, and suggested that such collaborations were a contributory factor in The KLF's abandonment of music: "[Bill Drummond's] distaste for the machinery of pop was at war with the creative populism of KLF", and "KLF had become bona fide pop miracle workers... It was all spinning way out of Drummond's control".[24]

Themes

Promotional material and antics for "Stand by The JAMs" used iconography of ice cream and an ice cream van, while the lyrics included the phrase "Make mine a '99' ". A working title for the "Justified & Ancient" project was "The Ice Cream Men".[25] Several months prior to the single's release, The KLF appeared at the Liverpool Festival of Comedy, where they sold ice creams to the audience while, on stage, figures swathen in grey and yellow robes chanted "justified...ancient...".[26] The ice cream van, introduced upon release of The JAMs single "It's Grim Up North",[27] superseded the JAMsMobile[28] (aka Ford Timelord)[29] as The KLF's vehicle of choice.[29][30] The van appeared with The KLF on stage when they 'performed' "Justified & Ancient" on Top of the Pops,[31] with King Boy D (Drummond) and Rockman Rock (Cauty) dressed as ice cream cones and Tammy Wynette appearing behind them on a large screen.[32]

The "ethnic chorus line" to which NME referred is the refrain "All bound for Mu Mu land", a reference to the Lost Continent of Mu, which is identified with the fictional land Lemuria in The Illuminatus! Trilogy novels. Indeed, at the end of the "Justified & Ancient" music video, The KLF exit in a submarine, while being waved off by the rest of the cast, before the video finishes with a snippet from the "Doctorin' the Tardis" music video featuring the superimposed credit-like text saying "The KLF would like to thank 'THE FIVE' for making all of this impossible".

Personnel

The White Room version

Source: JAMS LP006 sleeve notes[33]

Single versions

The recordings were, according to the "Justified & Ancient" sleevenotes, "exhumed, explored and exploited by The KLF", with Jimmy Cauty playing electric guitar, bass, drums and keyboard. Additional contributors included:

Source: KLF 99CD sleeve notes[34]

Formats and track listings

"Justified & Ancient" was given an international release as a single on 25 November 1991.[10] In each case, all tracks are versions or mixes of this song, as tabulated below. The versions subtitled "(Make Mine a '99')" and "(Let Them Eat Ice Cream)" are deep house remixes of the single arrangement by Tony Thorpe, the former using Maxine Harvey's vocal and the latter mainly voxless.

Format (and countries) Track number
1 2 3 4 5
7-inch single, cassette single, CD single (Japan) s W
12-inch single (UK, world) A m s L
12-inch single (US) A m S L
12-inch single (Scandinavia) A M s L
CD single (US) s S W A L
CD single (France) A m s L W
CD single (Belgium) s W A m L
CD single (elsewhere) s W A M L

Key

  • s - "Justified & Ancient (Stand by The JAMs)" – 3:37
  • S - "Justified & Ancient (Stand by The JAMs)" (12-inch Version) – 5:31
  • A - "Justified & Ancient (All Bound for Mu Mu Land)" – 7:45
  • L - "Justified & Ancient (Let Them Eat Ice Cream)" – 6:31
  • m - "Justified & Ancient (Make Mine a '99')" (Edit) – 3:17
  • M - "Justified & Ancient (Make Mine a '99')" – 5:52
  • W - "Justified & Ancient (The White Room Version)" – 5:04

Charts and sales

Sales and certifications

Region Certification Sales/shipments
Australia (ARIA)[77] Gold 35,000
Germany (BVMI)[78] Gold 250,000
New Zealand (RMNZ)[79] Gold 7,500
United Kingdom (BPI)[1] Silver 200,000

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
xunspecified figures based on certification alone

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Enter Justified and Ancient in the field Keywords. Select Title in the field Search by. Select single in the field By Format. Select Silver in the field By Award. Click Search
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Archived (via the Library of Mu) on 4 October 2016.{{Wikipedia:WikiProject The KLF/LibraryOfMu/479}}
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ "Hey Hey We Are Not The Monkees" lyrics.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Drummond and Cauty's extensive referencing of The Illuminatus! Trilogy included the overt and covert placement of the number 23 throughout their output and activities. See The KLF article for more information.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Archived (via the Library of Mu) on 16 September 2016.{{Wikipedia:WikiProject The KLF/LibraryOfMu/263}}
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Template:KLFDiscography
  11. ↑ McAleer, David, 'Top 40 Charts', Virgin Books, Pgs 638-639, 2009
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ ARIA chart data cited in: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ "Justified & Ancient" review, Melody Maker, 7 December 1991.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Archived (via the Library of Mu) on 16 September 2016.{{Wikipedia:WikiProject The KLF/LibraryOfMu/267}}
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ "90 from the 90s", The Times (London), 23 December 1995, Features p1.
  21. ↑ Harrison, A., The White Room review, Splendid Magazine (link Archived 12 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine)
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Mark Stent, in Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Archived (via the Library of Mu) on 11 October 2016.{{Wikipedia:WikiProject The KLF/LibraryOfMu/315}}
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Archived (via the Library of Mu) on 16 September 2016.{{Wikipedia:WikiProject The KLF/LibraryOfMu/397}}
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Archived (via the Library of Mu) on 16 September 2016.{{Wikipedia:WikiProject The KLF/LibraryOfMu/473}}
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Archived (via the Library of Mu) on 16 September 2016.{{Wikipedia:WikiProject The KLF/LibraryOfMu/392}} The magazine reported that this appearance was the day after the KLF's burning of a wicker-man and the making of their film Waiting on the Isle of Jura; the group onstage were reportedly the same journalists and members of The KLF's entourage who had been transported to Jura for that performance.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Archived (via the Library of Mu) on 16 September 2016.{{Wikipedia:WikiProject The KLF/LibraryOfMu/502}}
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ "Australian-charts.com – The KLF – Justified & Ancient". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
  36. ↑ "Austriancharts.at – The KLF – Justified & Ancient" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
  37. ↑ "Ultratop.be – The KLF – Justified & Ancient" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
  38. ↑ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 2090." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
  39. ↑ "Top RPM Dance/Urban: Issue 2074." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ "Lescharts.com – The KLF – Justified & Ancient" (in French). Les classement single.
  45. ↑ "Musicline.de – The KLF Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Justified & Ancient". Irish Singles Chart.
  48. ↑ "Nederlandse Top 40 – The KLF search results" (in Dutch) Dutch Top 40.
  49. ↑ "Dutchcharts.nl – The KLF – Justified & Ancient" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
  50. ↑ "Charts.org.nz – The KLF – Justified & Ancient". Top 40 Singles.
  51. ↑ "Norwegiancharts.com – The KLF – Justified & Ancient". VG-lista.
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ "Swedishcharts.com – The KLF – Justified & Ancient". Singles Top 100.
  55. ↑ "Swisscharts.com – The KLF – Justified & Ancient". Swiss Singles Chart.
  56. ↑ "Archive Chart: 19920104" UK Singles Chart.
  57. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ "The KLF – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for The KLF.
  59. ↑ "The KLF – Chart history" Billboard Alternative Songs for The KLF.
  60. ↑ "The KLF – Chart history" Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs for The KLF.
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  64. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  65. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  66. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  67. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  69. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  70. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  72. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  73. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  74. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  75. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  76. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  77. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  78. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  79. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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