List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Ba–Bm)
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military of the Third Reich during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded for a wide range of reasons and across all ranks, from a senior commander for skilled leadership of his troops in battle to a low-ranking soldier for a single act of extreme gallantry.[1] A total of 7,321 awards were made between its first presentation on 30 September 1939 and its last bestowal on 17 June 1945.[Note 1] This number is based on the analysis and acceptance of the order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Presentations were made to members of the three military branches of the Wehrmacht—the Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy) and Luftwaffe (Air Force)—as well as the Waffen-SS, the Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD—Reich Labour Service) and the Volkssturm (German national militia). There were also 43 recipients in the military forces of allies of the Third Reich.[3]
These recipients are listed in the 1986 edition of Walther-Peer Fellgiebel's book, Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile — The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches. Fellgiebel was the former chairman and head of the order commission of the AKCR. In 1996 a second edition of this book was published with an addendum delisting 11 of these original recipients. Author and historian Veit Scherzer has cast doubt on a further 193 of these listings. The majority of the disputed recipients had received the award in 1945, when the deteriorating situation of the Third Reich during the final days of World War II left a number of nominations incomplete and pending in various stages of the approval process.[4] Scherzer wrote his book in cooperation with the German Federal Archives. The book was chosen by Prof. Dr. Franz W. Seidler for the library of the Bundeswehr University Munich and Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) and is considered an accepted reference there.[5][6] For many years Fellgiebel's book was considered the main reference work on this topic, and it has now been succeeded by Scherzer's work.
Listed here are the 368 Knight's Cross recipients of the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS whose last name is in the range "Ba–Bm".[7] Author and historian Veit Scherzer has challenged the validity of 13 of these listings.[8] This is the first of two lists of all 725 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients whose last name starts with "B". The recipients whose last name is in the range "Bn–Bz" is listed at List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients (Bn–Bz).[9] The recipients are initially ordered alphabetically by last name. The rank listed is the recipient's rank at the time the Knight's Cross was awarded.
Contents
Background
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grades were based on four separate enactments. The first enactment, Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 1573 of 1 September 1939 instituted the Iron Cross (Eisernes Kreuz), the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes). Article 2 of the enactment mandated that the award of a higher class be preceded by the award of all preceding classes.[10] As the war progressed, some of the recipients of the Knight's Cross distinguished themselves further and a higher grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub), was instituted. The Oak Leaves, as they were commonly referred to, were based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 849 of 3 June 1940.[11] In 1941, two higher grades of the Knight's Cross were instituted. The enactment Reichsgesetzblatt I S. 613 of 28 September 1941 introduced the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) and the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten).[12] At the end of 1944 the final grade, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten), based on the enactment Reichsgesetzblatt 1945 I S. 11 of 29 December 1944, became the final variant of the Knight's Cross authorized.[13]
Recipients
Service | Number of presentations | Posthumous presentations |
---|---|---|
Heer |
232
|
9
|
Kriegsmarine |
15
|
0
|
Luftwaffe |
100
|
9
|
Waffen-SS |
21
|
1
|
The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Supreme Command of the Armed Forces) kept separate Knight's Cross lists, one for each of the three military branches, Heer (Army), Kriegsmarine (Navy), Luftwaffe (Air Force) and for the Waffen-SS. Within each of these lists a unique sequential number was assigned to each recipient. The same numbering paradigm was applied to the higher grades of the Knight's Cross, one list per grade.[14] Of the 368 awards made to servicemen whose last name is in the range "Ba–Bm", 31 were later awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, 12 the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords and one the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds; 19 presentations were made posthumously. Heer members received 232 of the medals; 15 went to the Kriegsmarine, 100 to the Luftwaffe, and 21 to the Waffen-SS.[7] The sequential numbers greater than 843 for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and 143 for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords are unofficial and were assigned by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) and are therefore denoted in parentheses.[15]
This along with the + (plus) indicates that a higher grade of Knight's Cross was awarded as well.
This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the Knight's Cross was awarded posthumously.
This along with the ? (question mark) indicates that historian Veit Scherzer has expressed doubt regarding the veracity and formal correctness of the listing.
Notes
- ↑ Großadmiral and President of Germany Karl Dönitz, Hitler's successor as Head of State (Staatsoberhaupt) and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, had ordered the cessation of all promotions and awards as of 11 May 1945 (Dönitz-decree). Consequently the last Knight's Cross awarded to Oberleutnant zur See of the Reserves Georg-Wolfgang Feller on 17 June 1945 must therefore be considered a de facto but not de jure hand-out.[2]
- ↑ For an explanation of the various naming schemes used by the Luftwaffe, Heer, Kriegsmarine and Waffen-SS refer to nomenclature used by the Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS.
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the 2./Nachtjagdgeschwader 1.[18]
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 According to Scherzer on 14 March 1943 as a pilot and observer in the Aufklärungsstaffel 3.(F)/121.[18]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as commanding general of the Korpsgruppe "von dem Bach".[18]
- ↑ Willy Bachor's nomination by his unit was not forwarded or may have been lost by the corps due to the military situation. A second nomination was submitted after the evacuation of East Prussia, after the German capitulation. This nomination was not processed. The order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) processed the case in 1982 and decided: "Knight's Cross yes, 8 May 1945". The presentation date was later changed by Walther-Peer Fellgiebel. Bachor was a member of the AKCR.[20]
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 The brackets around the doctor title [Dr.] denotes that the academic title was attained after the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded.
- ↑ According to Scherzer as leader of the II./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 5.[18]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as SS-Obersturmführer of the Reserves.[18]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as leader of the II./SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment 23 "Norge" (Norwegian Nr. 1).[22]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the Aufklärungsstaffel 4.(F)/11.[22]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Leutnant of the Reserves.[24]
- ↑ According to Scherzer his name is Johann Baichl.[26]
- ↑ According to Thomas and Wegmann as chief of the 6./Infanterie-Regiment 246 of the 88. Infanterie-Division.[28]
- ↑ Joseph Baier's nomination by his unit was received by 1st squadron of P5 via the field commando unit of Reichsführer-SS, because the division was a Volksgrenadier-Division, on 4 March 1945. Heinrich Himmler had approved the nomination. Major Joachim Domaschk contacted the 9th Volksgrenadier-Division by teleprinter message on 5 March the 7th Army because all the intermittent approvals were missing, requesting the 2nd and 3rd version of the nomination via the command chain. The division was annihilated shortly after this date in the vicinity of Lauterecken. The remains of the division retreated together with the 1st Army to the area south of Rothenburg ob der Tauber. The 9th Volksgrenadier-Division was already disbanded when Major Domaschk reminded the 1st Army again on 29 April: "The Knight's Cross nomination for Joseph Baier is to be expedited." A presentation was never made. A file card for approved or rejected presentation was not created. According to the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) the award was presented in accordance with the Dönitz-decree. This is illegal according to the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) and lacks legal justification. The presentation date was assigned by Walther-Peer Fellgiebel.[29]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as an observer in the Aufklärungsstaffel 2.(F)/22.[26]
- ↑ Josef Baldes's nomination by his unit was processed by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe/Auszeichnung und Disziplin (OKL/AuD—Air Force High Command/Award and Discipline) on 16 April 1945. This nomination, now recommending approval, was forwarded on 17 April with a Luftwaffenpersonalamt-Verleihungsvorschlag (LPA-VV—Air Force Staff Office Nomination Recommendation) Nr. 1577 to the adjutancy of Hermann Göring. The nomination was never finalized and was left unfinished by the end of the war. A presentation of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross cannot be verified. The presentation date was assigned by Walther-Peer Fellgiebel.[29]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the 1./Jagdgeschwader 1.[31]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as commander of Füsilier-Bataillon "Deba" [commander Fester Platz Tarnopol].[31]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as commander of the re-inforced Afrika-Regiment 361.[31]
- ↑ Unlawful presentation of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross to Johannes Barge by the Dönitz Government after 8 May 1945. This can be verified by the radio communication dated on 21 May 1945. The presentation date was backdated by Walther-Peer Fellgiebel. Barge was a member of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients.[29]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as panzer commander in the 4./SS-Panzer-Regiment 2.[34]
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant (war officer) and chief of the 7./Fallschirmjäger-Sturm-Regiment 1.[34]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as commander of Panzergrenadier-Bataillon "Feldherrnhalle" (106) [=Panzergrenadier-Batallion 2106 in the Panzer-Brigade 106].[34]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as leader of the 3./schwere Flak-Regiment 293 (deployable).[34]
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 According to Scherzer on 24 October 1944 as Staffelkapitän in the III./Jagdgeschwader 53.[35]
- ↑ According to Scherzr as Oberleutnant of the Reserves.[35]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 14./Infanterie-Regiment 14.[35]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Major of the Reserves.[35]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as leader of the Sturmgeschütz-Brigade 393.[35]
- ↑ No evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. The award was unlawfully presented by SS-Oberstgruppenführer Sepp Dietrich. The date is taken from the announcement made by the 6. SS-Panzerarmee. Bastian was a member of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR).[38]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as chief of the Kleinkampfflottille 211.[37]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as adjutant of the Grenadier-Regiment 585.[39]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 3./SS-Panzer-Regiment 5.[39]
- ↑ No evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. Von Seeman stated that the tradition club of the 9. Panzer-Division informed him of the presentation of the Knight's Cross to Ludwig Bauer in 1954.[43] The I./Panzer-Regiment 33, to which the 1st company was subordinated, was destroyed on 17 April 1945 under the leadership of Hauptmann Simon in the Ruhr Pocket (Heeresgruppe B). The receipt of a nomination by his unit with the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) or the Außenstelle of the Heerespersonalamt (HPA/A—Branch of the Army Staff Office) cannot be verified. A Heerespersonalamt-Verleihungsvorschlag (HPA-VV— Army Staff Office Nomination Recommendation) was definitely not created. Also, the responsible official at the time would have deferred the nomination from Heeresgruppe B after its capitulation after 17 April according to AHA 44 Ziff. 572. A presentation on 29 April via the HPA or the HPA/A is very unlikely. A statement provided by the 1st scribe of the 9. Panzer-Division from 1957 to the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) is inconclusive it states: "...I have to assume that this Knight's Cross was intended for ... Leutnant ... Bauer". Bauer is a member of the AKCR.[38]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as leader of the 1./Panzer-Regiment 33.[38]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant and pilot in the III./Jagdgeschwader 3[44]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Hauptmann.[44]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as chief of the 5./Flak-Regiment (motorized) 37.[44]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 2./Grenadier-Regiment 422.[44]
- ↑ According to Scherzer 16th Swords on 16 August 1942.[44]
- ↑ No evidence regarding the presentation of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross to Heinz Baurmann can be found in the German Federal Archives. According to Walther-Peer Fellgiebel the presentation was made by Feldmarschall Ferdinand Schörner in compliance with the empowerment for autonomous presentations dated 3 May 1945. Authors Thomas and Wegmann mention a teleprinter message from Schörner dated 4 May 1945, which presumably verifies the claim. However, Thomas and Wegmann fail to present a reference nor do they publish the message itself.[48] Veit Scherzer was denied access to files, which could help clarify the case, of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) on the grounds of the Bundesarchivgesetz (German Archive Law). Baurmann was a member of the AKCR.[38]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as leader in the 3./Fallschirm-Pionier-Bataillon 5.[46]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 14./Grenadier-Regiment 19.[46]
- ↑ Franz Bayer's nomination by the I./Panzer-Regiment 26 was written on 1 January 1945 and was approved by the III. Panzerkorps on 11 January 1945. The Division "Feldherrnhalle" had also submitted a nomination on 25 January 1945. Both nominations were sent to the 6th Army. Here they were left unattended, later consolidated, and approved by the commander-in-chief General Hermann Balck on 15 April 1945 and then forwarded to the Army Group. This nomination was received by the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) "Hauptbüro" (main office) on 28 April 1945, in this instance the 2nd squadron and not the 1st squadron. The Army Group South had made an error and wrongly addressed it to the HPA 2nd squadron. The Army Group, against regulation, had also not commented on the nomination and had explicitly mentioned this in the accompanying letter. The reason for this remains unknown. The entry dated of 25 January 1945 which is noted on the file card is not the entry date but the date on which the Division "Feldherrnhalle" had created their nomination. The book "Verliehene Ritterkreuze" (Awarded Knight Crosses) does not list Bayer. No further proof that the presentation was made can be found in the archives. According to the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) the award was presented in accordance with the Dönitz-decree. This is illegal according to the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) and lacks legal justification. Bayer himself stated on 10 February 2005 that the I./Panzer-Regiment 26 had "lent" him to the Division "Feldherrnhalle" where he was deployed as a company commander. He also stated that the battalion commander had presented him a Knight's Cross in January 1945 after he had received a radio message approving the nomination.[49]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the Aufklärungsstaffel 3.(F)/33.[46]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 14./Grenadier-Regiment 112.[46]
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 According to Scherzer as SS-Obersturmführer of the Reserves and leader of the 2./SS-Panzer-Regiment "Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler".[50]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as chief of the 14./Infanterie-Regiment "Großdeutschland".[50]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Hauptmann of the Reserves.[50]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as commander of Regiments-Gruppe 425.[50]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as commander of SS-Panzergrenadier-Regiment "Theodor Eicke".[53]
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves and Staffelkapitän of the 6./Nachtjagdgeschwader 1.[53]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as a pilot in the II./Nachtjagdgeschwader 6.[53]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as leader of Grenadier-Regiment 457.[54]
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 According to Scherzer as Oberstleutnant of the Reserves and commander of Kampfgruppe z.b.V. 500.[54]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as leader of the 1./Panzer-Abteilung 21.[56]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as chief of the 3./SS-Artillerie-Regiment 54.[56]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Zugführer (platoon leader) in the 14./Grenadier-Regiment 668.[56]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as chief of the 3./Aufklärungs-Abteilung (motorized) 3.[58]
- ↑ Friedrich Behre's Luftwaffenpersonalamt-Verleihungsvorschlag (LPA-VV—Air Force Staff Office Nomination Recommendation) Nr. 1573 was sent to the adjutancy of the Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring on 14 April 1945 for further processing. This recommendation was then forwarded to the adjutancy of the "Führer" on 18 April and never returned. The nomination was never finalized and was left unfinished by the end of the war. A radio message dated on 12 May 1945 from the LPA to the Luftflotte Reich stated that Behre was awarded the Knight's Cross "on this day" and is therefore illegal.[59]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as a pilot and Verbindungsoffizier (liaison officer) to the 5th Romanian Kampfgruppe [Knight's Cross for his services as a pilot in the 3./Kampfgeschwader 3].[58]
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 According to Scherzer Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 18 November 1944 as leader of the III./Fallschirmjäger-Sturm-Regiment (12).[58]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Hauptmann of the Reserves.[61]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the 8./Jagdgeschwader 53.[61]
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves and pilot in Kampfgruppe z.b.V. 500.[61]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as a pilot in the II./Jagdgeschwader 27.[63]
- ↑ Unlawful presentation of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross to Hans-Georg Benthack by the Dönitz Government after 8 May 1945. This can be verified by the radio communication dated on 21 May 1945. The presentation date was backdated by Walther-Peer Fellgiebel.[59]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as leader of Grenadier-Bataillon 8/IX in the Festung (fortress) Schneidemühl [Geneisenau-Einheit des Wehrkreis IX].[63]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Richtschütze (gunner) in the 14./Infanterie-Regiment 187.[66]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as leader of the 2./Flak-Regiment (motorized) 411.[66]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves.[67]
- ↑ According to Scherzer in Fähnrichs-Regiment 1 of the Division "Märkisch Friedland".[67]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as chief inspector at the Heeres-Unteroffiziers-Schule Jauer and commander of the Kampfgruppe "Steinau".[70]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Einmanntorpedofahrer (one man torpedo driver) in the Kleinkampfflottille 361.[70]
- ↑ August Berzen's nomination of the Außenstelle of the Heerespersonalamt (HPA/A—Branch of the Army Staff Office) was ready for signature at the end of the war. According to the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) the award was presented in accordance with the Dönitz-decree. This is illegal according to the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) and lacks legal justification. The presentation date was assigned by Walther-Peer Fellgiebel.[73]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as commander of SS-Regiment "Besslein"/Festung Breslau (fortress Breslau).[71]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as commander of SS-"Totenkopf"-Aufklärungs-Abteilung (motorized).[71]
- ↑ According to Scherzer the recipient's name was Franz-Xaver Betz.[71]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as IIa (1st adjutant for the officer staff) 329. Infanterie-Division and leader of augmented Grenadier-Regiment 551.[75]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as a pilot in the 8./Jagdgeschwader 3.[78]
- ↑ Ernst Biehler's nomination by his unit, without the mandatory explanatory statement, was received by the Heerespersonalamt (HPA—Army Staff Office) on 20 April 1945 as a teleprinter messenger. On 21 April 1945 the nomination arrived at the time relocating 1. Squadron of the HPA. The teleprinter message indicated that the explanatory statement would follow later. This statement was either never sent, may have gotten stuck or lost, at least it does not exist anymore. Biehler was also not listed in the Knight's Cross nomination book nor was a file card created. A presentation cannot be verified in the German Federal Archives. According to the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) the award was presented in accordance with the Dönitz-decree. This is illegal according to the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) and lacks legal justification. The presentation date was assigned by Walther-Peer Fellgiebel. Biehler was a member of the AKCR.[80]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as commander of Divisions-Füsilier-Bataillon (AA) 35.[79]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as leader of the II./SS-Panzer-Regiment 3.[79]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Rittmeister of the Reserves.[82]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as chief of the 2./Aufklärungs-Abteilung 44.[82]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as a pilot in the III./Jagdgeschwader 52.[82]
- ↑ According to Scherzer on 18 October 1944.[82]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as a pilot in the Aufklärungsstaffel 1.(F)/121.[82]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Oberleutnant of the Reserves.[83]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as an observer in the Aufklärungsstaffel 4.(F)/OB der Luftwaffe.[83]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Leutnant of the Reserves.[83]
- ↑ The German Federal Archives hold no records for the presentation of the Swords to Wilhelm Bittrich. The award was unlawfully presented by SS-Oberstgruppenführer Sepp Dietrich. The date is taken from the announcement made by the 6. SS-Panzerarmee. The sequential number "153" was assigned by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Bittrich was a member of the AKCR.[80]
- ↑ There is no reference of the Oak Leaves awarded to Adalbert von Blanc in the German Federal Archives. His personal file contains a letter from Admiral August Thiele indicating that von Blanc had been recommended for the Oak Leaves by Thiele. In a file of the German Minenräumdienst dated just after the capitulation is an entry "Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves" without indicating a date of the award. The sequential number "866" and date was assigned by the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR). Von Blanc was member of the AKCR.[80]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the 7./Sturzkampfgeschwader 1.[89]
- ↑ 96.0 96.1 According to Scherzer as Hauptmann (war officer) and Staffelkapitän of the 6./Schlachtgeschwader 2 "Immelmann".[89]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as adjutant of the I./Grenadier-Regiment 358.[89]
- ↑ No evidence of the award can be found in the German Federal Archives. According to Krätschmer the award was presented together with the Oak Leaves to Matthias Kleinheisterkamp. Presumably the announcement was made via radio transmission on 28 April 1945 from the Führer Headquarters in Berlin to the 9. Armee (9th Army) in the Halbe pocket. The radio transmissions received by the AOK 9 (Armeeoberkommando 9 — high command of the 9th Army) in April 1945 were not retained. All communication to the Führerbunker in Berlin was out of order as of 5 am on 28 April. The order commission of the Association of Knight's Cross Recipients (AKCR) processed the case in 1981 and decided: "Knight's Cross yes, 28 April 1945", Friedrich Blond was a member of the AKCR.[91]
- ↑ 99.0 99.1 According to Scherzer as Leutnant of the Reserves and pilot in the Aufklärungsstaffel 1.(F)/122.[92]
- ↑ According to Scherzer as chief of the 7./Infanterie-Regiment "Großdeutschland" 1.[92]
References
Citations
- ↑ Williamson and Bujeiro 2004, pp. 3–4.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 4.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 113–460, 483, 485–487, 492, 494, 498–499, 501, 503, 509.
- ↑ Scherzer 2007, pp. 117–186.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Scherzer 2007, cover.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 119–135, 485–486.
- ↑ Scherzer 2007, pp. 117–122.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 135–152, 487.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 112.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 49–51, 102–111.
- ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 Scherzer 2007, p. 196.
- ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 17.15 17.16 17.17 17.18 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 119.
- ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19 18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 18.26 18.27 18.28 18.29 18.30 18.31 18.32 18.33 18.34 18.35 Scherzer 2007, p. 197.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 119, 484.
- ↑ Scherzer 2007, pp. 117–118.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 119, 120, 484.
- ↑ 22.00 22.01 22.02 22.03 22.04 22.05 22.06 22.07 22.08 22.09 22.10 22.11 22.12 22.13 22.14 22.15 22.16 22.17 22.18 22.19 22.20 22.21 22.22 22.23 22.24 22.25 22.26 22.27 22.28 22.29 22.30 22.31 22.32 22.33 22.34 22.35 22.36 Scherzer 2007, p. 198.
- ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 23.12 23.13 23.14 23.15 23.16 23.17 23.18 23.19 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 120.
- ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 24.11 24.12 24.13 24.14 24.15 24.16 24.17 24.18 24.19 24.20 24.21 24.22 24.23 24.24 24.25 24.26 24.27 24.28 24.29 24.30 24.31 24.32 24.33 24.34 24.35 24.36 24.37 Scherzer 2007, p. 199.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 120, 484.
- ↑ 26.00 26.01 26.02 26.03 26.04 26.05 26.06 26.07 26.08 26.09 26.10 26.11 26.12 26.13 26.14 26.15 26.16 26.17 26.18 26.19 26.20 26.21 26.22 26.23 26.24 26.25 26.26 26.27 26.28 26.29 26.30 26.31 26.32 26.33 26.34 26.35 26.36 26.37 26.38 Scherzer 2007, p. 200.
- ↑ 27.00 27.01 27.02 27.03 27.04 27.05 27.06 27.07 27.08 27.09 27.10 27.11 27.12 27.13 27.14 27.15 27.16 27.17 27.18 27.19 27.20 27.21 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 121.
- ↑ Thomas & Wegmann 1987, p. 188.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Scherzer 2007, p. 118.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 121, 484.
- ↑ 31.00 31.01 31.02 31.03 31.04 31.05 31.06 31.07 31.08 31.09 31.10 31.11 31.12 31.13 31.14 31.15 31.16 31.17 31.18 31.19 31.20 31.21 31.22 31.23 31.24 31.25 31.26 31.27 31.28 31.29 31.30 31.31 31.32 31.33 Scherzer 2007, p. 201.
- ↑ 32.00 32.01 32.02 32.03 32.04 32.05 32.06 32.07 32.08 32.09 32.10 32.11 32.12 32.13 32.14 32.15 32.16 32.17 32.18 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 122.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 122, 484.
- ↑ 34.00 34.01 34.02 34.03 34.04 34.05 34.06 34.07 34.08 34.09 34.10 34.11 34.12 34.13 34.14 34.15 34.16 34.17 34.18 34.19 34.20 34.21 34.22 34.23 34.24 34.25 34.26 34.27 34.28 34.29 34.30 34.31 34.32 34.33 34.34 34.35 Scherzer 2007, p. 202.
- ↑ 35.00 35.01 35.02 35.03 35.04 35.05 35.06 35.07 35.08 35.09 35.10 35.11 35.12 35.13 35.14 35.15 35.16 35.17 35.18 35.19 35.20 35.21 35.22 35.23 35.24 35.25 35.26 35.27 35.28 35.29 35.30 35.31 35.32 35.33 35.34 Scherzer 2007, p. 203.
- ↑ 36.00 36.01 36.02 36.03 36.04 36.05 36.06 36.07 36.08 36.09 36.10 36.11 36.12 36.13 36.14 36.15 36.16 36.17 36.18 36.19 36.20 36.21 36.22 36.23 36.24 36.25 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 123.
- ↑ 37.00 37.01 37.02 37.03 37.04 37.05 37.06 37.07 37.08 37.09 37.10 37.11 37.12 37.13 37.14 37.15 37.16 37.17 37.18 37.19 37.20 37.21 37.22 37.23 37.24 37.25 37.26 37.27 37.28 37.29 37.30 37.31 37.32 37.33 37.34 37.35 Scherzer 2007, p. 204.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 Scherzer 2007, p. 119.
- ↑ 39.00 39.01 39.02 39.03 39.04 39.05 39.06 39.07 39.08 39.09 39.10 39.11 39.12 39.13 39.14 39.15 39.16 39.17 39.18 39.19 39.20 39.21 39.22 39.23 39.24 39.25 39.26 39.27 39.28 39.29 39.30 39.31 39.32 39.33 39.34 39.35 39.36 Scherzer 2007, p. 205.
- ↑ 40.00 40.01 40.02 40.03 40.04 40.05 40.06 40.07 40.08 40.09 40.10 40.11 40.12 40.13 40.14 40.15 40.16 40.17 40.18 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 124.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 124, 484.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 124, 485.
- ↑ Von Seemen 1976, p. 378.
- ↑ 44.00 44.01 44.02 44.03 44.04 44.05 44.06 44.07 44.08 44.09 44.10 44.11 44.12 44.13 44.14 44.15 44.16 44.17 44.18 44.19 44.20 44.21 44.22 44.23 44.24 44.25 44.26 44.27 44.28 44.29 44.30 44.31 44.32 44.33 44.34 44.35 44.36 Scherzer 2007, p. 206.
- ↑ 45.00 45.01 45.02 45.03 45.04 45.05 45.06 45.07 45.08 45.09 45.10 45.11 45.12 45.13 45.14 45.15 45.16 45.17 45.18 45.19 45.20 45.21 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 125.
- ↑ 46.00 46.01 46.02 46.03 46.04 46.05 46.06 46.07 46.08 46.09 46.10 46.11 46.12 46.13 46.14 46.15 46.16 46.17 46.18 46.19 46.20 46.21 46.22 46.23 46.24 46.25 46.26 46.27 46.28 46.29 46.30 46.31 46.32 46.33 46.34 46.35 46.36 Scherzer 2007, p. 207.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 47.4 47.5 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 125, 485.
- ↑ Thomas & Wegmann 1985, p. 24.
- ↑ Scherzer 2007, pp. 119–120.
- ↑ 50.00 50.01 50.02 50.03 50.04 50.05 50.06 50.07 50.08 50.09 50.10 50.11 50.12 50.13 50.14 50.15 50.16 50.17 50.18 50.19 50.20 50.21 50.22 50.23 50.24 50.25 50.26 50.27 50.28 50.29 50.30 50.31 50.32 50.33 50.34 50.35 Scherzer 2007, p. 208.
- ↑ 51.00 51.01 51.02 51.03 51.04 51.05 51.06 51.07 51.08 51.09 51.10 51.11 51.12 51.13 51.14 51.15 51.16 51.17 51.18 51.19 51.20 51.21 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 126.
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 126, 485.
- ↑ 53.00 53.01 53.02 53.03 53.04 53.05 53.06 53.07 53.08 53.09 53.10 53.11 53.12 53.13 53.14 53.15 53.16 53.17 53.18 53.19 53.20 53.21 53.22 53.23 53.24 53.25 53.26 53.27 53.28 53.29 53.30 53.31 53.32 53.33 53.34 53.35 53.36 53.37 53.38 Scherzer 2007, p. 209.
- ↑ 54.00 54.01 54.02 54.03 54.04 54.05 54.06 54.07 54.08 54.09 54.10 54.11 54.12 54.13 54.14 54.15 54.16 54.17 54.18 54.19 54.20 54.21 54.22 54.23 54.24 54.25 54.26 54.27 54.28 54.29 54.30 54.31 54.32 Scherzer 2007, p. 210.
- ↑ 55.00 55.01 55.02 55.03 55.04 55.05 55.06 55.07 55.08 55.09 55.10 55.11 55.12 55.13 55.14 55.15 55.16 55.17 55.18 55.19 55.20 55.21 55.22 55.23 55.24 55.25 55.26 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 127.
- ↑ 56.00 56.01 56.02 56.03 56.04 56.05 56.06 56.07 56.08 56.09 56.10 56.11 56.12 56.13 56.14 56.15 56.16 56.17 56.18 56.19 56.20 56.21 56.22 56.23 56.24 56.25 56.26 56.27 56.28 56.29 56.30 56.31 56.32 56.33 56.34 56.35 56.36 56.37 Scherzer 2007, p. 211.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 485.
- ↑ 58.00 58.01 58.02 58.03 58.04 58.05 58.06 58.07 58.08 58.09 58.10 58.11 58.12 58.13 58.14 58.15 58.16 58.17 58.18 58.19 58.20 58.21 58.22 58.23 58.24 58.25 58.26 58.27 58.28 58.29 58.30 58.31 58.32 58.33 58.34 58.35 Scherzer 2007, p. 212.
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 Scherzer 2007, p. 120.
- ↑ 60.00 60.01 60.02 60.03 60.04 60.05 60.06 60.07 60.08 60.09 60.10 60.11 60.12 60.13 60.14 60.15 60.16 60.17 60.18 60.19 60.20 60.21 60.22 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 128.
- ↑ 61.00 61.01 61.02 61.03 61.04 61.05 61.06 61.07 61.08 61.09 61.10 61.11 61.12 61.13 61.14 61.15 61.16 61.17 61.18 61.19 61.20 61.21 61.22 61.23 61.24 61.25 61.26 61.27 61.28 61.29 61.30 61.31 61.32 61.33 61.34 61.35 Scherzer 2007, p. 213.
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 128, 486.
- ↑ 63.00 63.01 63.02 63.03 63.04 63.05 63.06 63.07 63.08 63.09 63.10 63.11 63.12 63.13 63.14 63.15 63.16 63.17 63.18 63.19 63.20 63.21 63.22 63.23 63.24 63.25 63.26 63.27 63.28 63.29 63.30 63.31 63.32 63.33 63.34 63.35 63.36 Scherzer 2007, p. 214.
- ↑ 64.00 64.01 64.02 64.03 64.04 64.05 64.06 64.07 64.08 64.09 64.10 64.11 64.12 64.13 64.14 64.15 64.16 64.17 64.18 64.19 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 129.
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 65.4 65.5 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 129, 486.
- ↑ 66.00 66.01 66.02 66.03 66.04 66.05 66.06 66.07 66.08 66.09 66.10 66.11 66.12 66.13 66.14 66.15 66.16 66.17 66.18 66.19 66.20 66.21 66.22 66.23 66.24 66.25 66.26 66.27 66.28 66.29 66.30 66.31 66.32 66.33 66.34 66.35 Scherzer 2007, p. 215.
- ↑ 67.00 67.01 67.02 67.03 67.04 67.05 67.06 67.07 67.08 67.09 67.10 67.11 67.12 67.13 67.14 67.15 67.16 67.17 67.18 67.19 67.20 67.21 67.22 67.23 67.24 67.25 67.26 67.27 67.28 67.29 67.30 67.31 67.32 67.33 67.34 67.35 Scherzer 2007, p. 216.
- ↑ 68.00 68.01 68.02 68.03 68.04 68.05 68.06 68.07 68.08 68.09 68.10 68.11 68.12 68.13 68.14 68.15 68.16 68.17 68.18 68.19 68.20 68.21 68.22 68.23 68.24 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 130.
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 130, 486.
- ↑ 70.00 70.01 70.02 70.03 70.04 70.05 70.06 70.07 70.08 70.09 70.10 70.11 70.12 70.13 70.14 70.15 70.16 70.17 70.18 70.19 70.20 70.21 70.22 70.23 70.24 70.25 70.26 70.27 70.28 70.29 70.30 70.31 70.32 Scherzer 2007, p. 217.
- ↑ 71.00 71.01 71.02 71.03 71.04 71.05 71.06 71.07 71.08 71.09 71.10 71.11 71.12 71.13 71.14 71.15 71.16 71.17 71.18 71.19 71.20 71.21 71.22 71.23 71.24 71.25 71.26 71.27 71.28 71.29 71.30 71.31 71.32 71.33 71.34 71.35 71.36 Scherzer 2007, p. 218.
- ↑ 72.00 72.01 72.02 72.03 72.04 72.05 72.06 72.07 72.08 72.09 72.10 72.11 72.12 72.13 72.14 72.15 72.16 72.17 72.18 72.19 72.20 72.21 72.22 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 131.
- ↑ Scherzer 2007, pp. 120–121.
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 486.
- ↑ 75.00 75.01 75.02 75.03 75.04 75.05 75.06 75.07 75.08 75.09 75.10 75.11 75.12 75.13 75.14 75.15 75.16 75.17 75.18 75.19 75.20 75.21 75.22 75.23 75.24 75.25 75.26 75.27 75.28 75.29 75.30 75.31 75.32 75.33 75.34 75.35 75.36 75.37 Scherzer 2007, p. 219.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 131, 486.
- ↑ 77.00 77.01 77.02 77.03 77.04 77.05 77.06 77.07 77.08 77.09 77.10 77.11 77.12 77.13 77.14 77.15 77.16 77.17 77.18 77.19 77.20 77.21 77.22 77.23 77.24 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 132.
- ↑ 78.00 78.01 78.02 78.03 78.04 78.05 78.06 78.07 78.08 78.09 78.10 78.11 78.12 78.13 78.14 78.15 78.16 78.17 78.18 78.19 78.20 78.21 78.22 78.23 78.24 78.25 78.26 78.27 78.28 78.29 78.30 78.31 78.32 78.33 Scherzer 2007, p. 220.
- ↑ 79.00 79.01 79.02 79.03 79.04 79.05 79.06 79.07 79.08 79.09 79.10 79.11 79.12 79.13 79.14 79.15 79.16 79.17 79.18 79.19 79.20 79.21 79.22 79.23 79.24 79.25 79.26 79.27 79.28 79.29 79.30 79.31 79.32 79.33 79.34 79.35 79.36 Scherzer 2007, p. 221.
- ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 Scherzer 2007, p. 121.
- ↑ 81.00 81.01 81.02 81.03 81.04 81.05 81.06 81.07 81.08 81.09 81.10 81.11 81.12 81.13 81.14 81.15 81.16 81.17 81.18 81.19 81.20 81.21 81.22 81.23 81.24 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 133.
- ↑ 82.00 82.01 82.02 82.03 82.04 82.05 82.06 82.07 82.08 82.09 82.10 82.11 82.12 82.13 82.14 82.15 82.16 82.17 82.18 82.19 82.20 82.21 82.22 82.23 82.24 82.25 82.26 82.27 82.28 82.29 82.30 82.31 82.32 82.33 82.34 82.35 Scherzer 2007, p. 222.
- ↑ 83.00 83.01 83.02 83.03 83.04 83.05 83.06 83.07 83.08 83.09 83.10 83.11 83.12 83.13 83.14 83.15 83.16 83.17 83.18 83.19 83.20 83.21 83.22 83.23 83.24 83.25 83.26 83.27 83.28 83.29 83.30 83.31 83.32 83.33 83.34 83.35 83.36 Scherzer 2007, p. 223.
- ↑ 84.0 84.1 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 133, 486.
- ↑ 85.00 85.01 85.02 85.03 85.04 85.05 85.06 85.07 85.08 85.09 85.10 85.11 85.12 85.13 85.14 85.15 85.16 85.17 85.18 85.19 85.20 85.21 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 134.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 134, 486.
- ↑ 87.00 87.01 87.02 87.03 87.04 87.05 87.06 87.07 87.08 87.09 87.10 87.11 87.12 87.13 87.14 87.15 87.16 87.17 87.18 87.19 87.20 87.21 87.22 87.23 87.24 87.25 87.26 87.27 87.28 87.29 87.30 87.31 87.32 87.33 87.34 87.35 87.36 87.37 Scherzer 2007, p. 224.
- ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 134, 487.
- ↑ 89.00 89.01 89.02 89.03 89.04 89.05 89.06 89.07 89.08 89.09 89.10 89.11 89.12 89.13 89.14 89.15 89.16 89.17 89.18 89.19 89.20 89.21 89.22 89.23 89.24 89.25 89.26 89.27 89.28 89.29 89.30 89.31 89.32 89.33 89.34 89.35 89.36 89.37 Scherzer 2007, p. 225.
- ↑ 90.00 90.01 90.02 90.03 90.04 90.05 90.06 90.07 90.08 90.09 90.10 90.11 90.12 90.13 90.14 90.15 90.16 90.17 90.18 90.19 90.20 90.21 90.22 90.23 Fellgiebel 2000, p. 135.
- ↑ Scherzer 2007, p. 122.
- ↑ 92.00 92.01 92.02 92.03 92.04 92.05 92.06 92.07 92.08 92.09 92.10 92.11 92.12 92.13 92.14 92.15 92.16 92.17 92.18 92.19 92.20 92.21 92.22 92.23 92.24 92.25 92.26 92.27 92.28 92.29 92.30 Scherzer 2007, p. 226.
- ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, pp. 135, 487.
Bibliography
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Further reading
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External links
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