Korean Patriotic Organization

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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea propelled various types of independence movements. Korean Patriotic Organization (Haninaegukdan, Hangul: 한인애국단; hanja: 韓人愛國團 also known as Korean Patriotic Corps or Korean Patriotic Legion) was one of the secret organization that to assassinate major people of Empire of Japan. Korean Patriotic Organization was made by Kim Gu, president of Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. As a executive Kim Suk, Ahn Gong-geun, Lee Su-bong, Lee Yu-pil managed Korean Patriotic Organization. As a member Yoo Sang-geun, Yoo Jin-man, Yun Bong-gil, Lee Bong-chang, Lee Duk-ju, Choi Heung-sik etc.[1]

Korean Patriotic Organization is a new way of independence movement by assassinating major people of Empire of Japan. They tried to frustrate Japan's national operating system, foreign aggression assassination. In other words, they tried to make big result by assassinating small number of leaders.[2]

  • Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea

  • Photo for memorial of establishing Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, 1919.

  • The museum in Chongqing, China.

  • Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea site in Shanghai.

  • Taegeukgi in Provisional Government of site the Republic of Korea in Shanghai.

  • Office of Kim Gu in Provisional Government of Republic of Korea, Shanghai.

Background

On September 18, 1931, the Empire of Japan manipulated Liutiaohu incident(Bombing Manchu railroad) for Mukden Incident. Chinese people's anti-Japanese independence movement proliferated because of this movement by Empire of Japan.[3] To promote Korea - China friendly relation and to revitalize depressed independence movement Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea decided to make secret organization which perform covering force mission to assassinate Japanese key figures, to destroy institution and entrust Kim Gu with full powers.[4]

Kim Gu organized Korean Patriotic Organization with about 80 patriotic young man in Shanghai, China. Executive member was Kim Suk, Ahn Gong-geun, Lee Su-bong, Lee Yu-pil and unit member was Yoo Sang-geun, Yoo Jin-man, Yun Bong-gil, Lee Bong-chang, Lee Duk-ju, Choi Heung-sik etc. Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea astounded Japan by assassinating key figures. They expected to stop Japan's aggression by these activities.[5]

  • Mukden Incident

  • Japanese cavalry entering Mukden (Shenyang)

  • Japanese experts inspect the scene of the 'railway sabotage' on South Manchurian Railway

  • Japanese troops entering Tsitsihar

  • A section of the Liǔtiáo railway. The caption reads "railway fragment"

  • Chinese delegate addresses the League of Nations after the Mukden Incident in 1932

Sakuradamon Incident

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Main article: Sakuradamon Incident (1932)

On the late 1931, Kim Gu secretly sent Lee Bong-chang to Tokyo to assassinate the Japanese emperor Hirohito(昭和天皇). Lee Bong-chang arrived Tokyo at early January, 1932. In January 8, he threw bomb to the Japanese emperor Hirohito in front of the Sakuradamon, who was returning to his palace after a military review at suburb of Tokyo with Puyi emperor of Manchukuo, but failed to assassinate. Right after the incident, Lee Bong-chang pulled Taegukgi(National Flag of South Korea) he shouted "Daehan Dokrip Manse"(Hangul: 대한독립만세; hanja: 大韓獨立萬歲), Hurray for the independence of Korea) three times then immediately arrested by Japan police.[6] Lee Bong-chang didn't respond to a single question by Japan police and he was sentenced to death by closed trial on September 30, executed in Ichigaya Prison, October 10.[7]

This incident became a tonic for a anti-Japanese independence movement. Kuomintang of China spotlighted this incident in their official organ Kuominilbo. But this action caused Japan to make up Shanghai War of 1932.[8]

  • Sakuradamon Incident
  • Sakuradamon Incident.JPG

    Sakuradamon Incident

  • Lee Bong-chang while arrested

Hongkou Park Incident

(Hangul: 윤봉길 의거; hanja: 尹奉吉 義擧, 1932), by Yun Bong-gil)

On April 29, 1932, Yun Bong-gil carried out a bombing attack using a bomb disguised as a water bottle (it is widely misconceived as a narrow lunch box; Yun Bong-gil carried two bombs to Shanghai, one being the water bottle and the other being the lunch box. The water bottle was used for the killing while the lunch box was intended to be used to kill himself after the assassination, but failed to detonate) at a Japanese army celebration of Emperor Hirohito's birthday in Hongkou Park, Shanghai.[9]

The bombing killed Yoshinori Shirakawa(白川 義則), a general of the Imperial Japanese Army, and Kawabata Sadaji(河端 貞次), a Government Chancellor of Japanese residents in Shanghai. It also seriously injured Kenkichi Ueda(植田 謙吉), Division 9 commander of the Japanese Imperial Army, Kuramatsu Murai(村井倉松), Japanese Consul-General in Shanghai, and Mamoru Shigemitsu(重光 葵), Japanese Envoy in Shanghai, Kichisaburo Nomura(野村 吉三郎), admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and was the ambassador to the United States at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek, Chinese political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China highly praised "A million Chinese army didn't make it, but one Korean did it"[10]

Yun Bong-gil was arrested at the scene and convicted by the Japanese military court in Shanghai on May 25. He was transferred to Osaka prison on November 18, and executed in Kanazawa on December 18. He was buried in Nodayama graveyard.[11]

  • Hongkou Park Incident

  • Monument memorial of Hongkou Park Incident

  • Museum of Yun Bong-gil

  • Other activity
  1. An attempted assassination to kill governer-general of Chosun, by Lee Duk-ju, Yoo Jin-man
  2. An attempted assassination to kill high officials of Japan, by Yoo Sang-geun, Choi Heung-sik

Korean Patriotic Organization was identified because of Yoo Sang-geun and Choi Heung-sik incident was discovered beforehand.[12]

Members

This is a list of members of Korean Patriotic Organization

President

Executives

Members

  • Member of the Korean Patriotic Organization

  • Kim Gu

  • Yun Bong-gil

Influence

Influenced by these activities from Korean Patriotic Organization, not only Korean's anti-Japanese independence movement hardened but also China's anti-Japanese war hardened.[13] During that time Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was activating within Chinese territory, Kuomintang of China increased support and interest for Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea after Sakuradamon Incident by Lee Bong-chang and Hongkou Park Incident by Yun Bong-gil.[14]

By extension, Kuomintang of China recognized the armed independence movement within Chinese territory. As a result, Korean Liberation Army was established.[15]


See also

  • See also gallery

  • Korea Liberation Army

  • Lee Beom-seok with Korean Liberation Army and OSS agents

  • Chinese military police in combat

  • Japanese troops burning residential districts

  • Remembrance service for fallen Chinese troops.

References

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