Kulashekhara Alwar
| Kulasekhara Azhwar | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | A.D 800 [1][2] thiruvanchaikalam |
| Titles/honours | Alvar saint |
| Philosophy | Vaishnava Bhakti |
| Literary works | Mukundamala, Perumal Tirumozhi |
| Also a king of Later Chera Kingdom | |
Kulashekhara Varman (Tamil:குலசேகர வர்மன்)also known as Kulashekhara Alvar(Tamil:குலசேகர ஆழ்வார்), or Kulashekhara Nayanar, was one of the Alwars According to traditional scriptures, Kuleshekara alwar incarnated on this earth in the 27th year after the beginning of the Kali Era (3102 BC) which puts the seer at 3075 BC.[3]
Kulasekhara is one of the twelve Tamil azhwar saints of South India, who are known for their affiliation to Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism. The verses of azhwars are compiled as Nalayira Divya Prabandham and the 108 temples revered are classified as Divya desam. He is considered the seventh in the line of the twelve azhwars. He authored Sanskrit lyric Mukundamala and Perumal Tirumozhi, which is compiled as a part of Nalayira Divya Prabandham. He is sometimes identified as Kulasekhara, the author of the Sanskrit works such as Tapatisamvaranam, Subhadradhananjaya and Vichchinnabhiseka.[4] The verses of Kulasekhara and other azhwars are recited as a part of daily prayers and during festive occasions in most Vishnu temples in South India.
Contents
Azhwars
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Earlier life
Born in Periyar, Kerala,[5] he was son of Drdhavrata.[6] As per scriptural evidence, Kuleshekara alwar incarnated on this earth in the 27th year after the beginning of the Kali Era (3102 BC) which puts the seer at 3075 BC.
As a King
Kulashekhara is believed to be a king from Kerala region and by some, he is regarded to have ruled Kolli(modern day Uraiyur), Koodal (modern day Madurai) and Kongu.[7] The given date of his period is said to be 800–820 AD, as the king of later Chera Dynasty. It is further suggested that he could not have flourished after the end of 9th century,[8] and a King of Pallava dynasty(2nd century – 9th century) further claims to have defeated the Chera.[9]
As saint
He is revered as the 9th of the twelve alvars saints whose works contributed to the philosophical and theological ideas of Vaishnavism. Kulashekhara Varman is also one of the celebrated Vaishnavite Alvar poet saints of Bhakti movement in South India. The Bhakti movement consolidated the Vedic religion in the region by introducing it to common people.[10]
Works and hymns
He is the author of Mukundamala, a devotional lyric in Sanskrit. He contributed to one of the works in the Divya Prabhandham, namely Perumal Thirumozhi. These works consists of 105 poems out of the 4,000 hymns written by the Alvar poet-saints.[7] His poems are devotional in nature, being dedicated to the most prominent Avatars of Vishnu (Rama and Krishna). The Advaita philosopher Sankaracharya is a younger contemporary of Kulshekhara Alwar.[11] A devotee of Rama, he considered the painful experiences of Rama to be his own. He is therefore also known as ‘Perum-al’, meaning ‘The Great’ – an epithet for the Lord. His devotion was so intense that he worshipped the devotees as forms of Vishnu. His involvement in the legends of Krishna and Rama has produced some excquisite devotional poetry. In one song, he identifies himself with Devaki, the biological mother of Lord Krishna, from whom Krishna was taken away to Gokul where Nanda and Yasodha, the foster parents, looked after them. Kulasekara expresses Devaki's desolation at being separated from her child and for union with him. This is the same sense of sorrow of separation and yearning for union that pervades the outpourings of all the mystic poets of India.[12][13]
Mannarkoyil Temple
Kulashekhara Alwar was supposed to have passed away in TamilNadu, Mannarkoyil.There is a temple called as Kulasekara Alwar Koyil in Mannarkoyil. The mural inscriptions there informs that the temple was consecrated to the memory of Sri Kulasekhara perumal by Vasudevan of Mullappalli,Kerala (Malaimandalam).[14]
Travancore Royal Family
The Maharajas of Travancore, custodians of the famous Padmanabhaswamy Temple, are descendants of Kulasekhara Alwar. One of the titles the Maharajas had was 'Kulasekhara Perumal' and the Royal Family still possesses the 'Cheramudi', Crown of Kulaskhara Alwar.
Notes
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- ↑ "A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to the Popular", p. 29, by Sisir Kumar Das
- ↑ History of Classical Sanskrit Literature, p. 277, by M. Srinivasachariar
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Dalal 2011, p. 214
- ↑ "Mukundamālā", p. 16, by K. P. A. Menon
- ↑ "A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century", by Upinder Singh, p. 55, ISBN 9788131716779
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- ↑ The contribution of Kerala to Sanskrit Literature; K.Kunjunni Raja; University of Madras 1980; page 2
References
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- Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend (ISBN 0-500-51088-1) by Anna Dallapiccola
- Naalaayira divya prabhandham: Commentary by Dr. Jagadrakshakan (1997). Aazhvaargal Research Centre, Chennai 600017.
- Sri Srirama Bharathi Araiyar 'Sacred Book'. 1995: Dhivya Prabhanda Pathasala, Jalladam Pattai - Chennai, India 601 302.
- A. Srinivasa Raghavan, Nammalvar, (in "Makers of Indian Literature" Series), Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, India, 1975/1998.
- Sujatha, (Tamil), (in Alvargal - Oor Eliya Arimugam), Visa Publications, Chennai, India, 2007.
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