Kyffhäuserbund
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The Kyffhäuserbund (Kyffhäuser League) is an umbrella organization for War Veterans' and Reservists' Associations in Germany. It owes its name to the Kyffhäuser Monument (German: Kyffhäuserdenkmal), a memorial built on the summit of the 473 m high Kyffhäuser Mountain near Bad Frankenhausen in the state of Thuringia in central Germany.
History
The Kyffhäuserbund's origins lie in a section of the Deutscher Kriegerbund (German Warrior League) that established a league in 1900 that would unite the formerly scattered German war veterans' associations. Some of these organizations had been already administrating the maintenance of the memorial together. The league was initially named "Kyffhäuserbund der deutschen Landeskriegerverbände" (Kyffhäuser League of the German Countries' Warriors Associations), a name that became later abbreviated to "Kyffhäuserbund".
By 1913 this umbrella organization had already 2.8 million war veterans as its members and it had become one of the largest societies in Germany. During the time of the German Empire the Kyffhäuserbund was instrumentalized against the growing social democratic movement in Germany.
The difficult circumstances of World War I's postwar years led to a significant shrinking of the veterans' associations and their role. In 1921, during the Weimar Republic, this organization shed its federal structure and centralized itself under a common leadership. Following this step it changed its name to "Deutscher Reichskriegerbund 'Kyffhäuser' e.V." (German Warriors Association 'Kyffhäuser').
In the name of Gleichschaltung, the Kyffhäuserbund was nazified after the Nazi takeover of power in 1933. Five years later, its name was altered to "NS-Reichskriegerbund 'Kyffhäuser' e.V." (Nationalsocialist Reich Warriors Association 'Kyffhäuser'), becoming the sole and exclusive organization representing the Veterans' interests in the Third Reich.
The Kyffhäuserbund was swiftly and unceremoniously disbanded during the Second World War, in March 1943, by Adolf Hitler himself. Apparently the reason was the German defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad.
Its assets in the whole Reich were transferred to the NSDAP. All its surviving local associations, which in the last phase of the war effort became the breeding ground for Volkssturm units, were also placed under the direct orders of the Nazi Party.
After Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II, the Allied Military Governments issued a special law, Kontrollratsgesetz Nr. 2, for the disbandment and liquidation of the Nazi organizations (Auflösung und Liquidierung der Naziorganisationen) on the 10th Oktober 1945. This Denazification decree outlawed the Nazi party and all of its branches, effectively disbanding the Kyffhäuserbund's avatar that had been established during the Third Reich.
The disbandment of the Kyffhäuserbund meant that it had to be established anew during the postwar reconstruction of both West Germany and the DDR.
The reestablishment of the Kyffhäuser organization with federal state branches began in 1952 in the German Federal Republic. The present-day Kyffhäuserbund emphasizes its role as a shooting sports association.
Notable Kyffhäuserverband members
- Ludwig Bergsträsser
- F. K. Otto Dibelius
- Martin Dibelius
- Johannes Dieckmann
- Hermann Ehlers
- Ferdinand Friedensburg
- Hans Fritzsche
- Heinrich George
- Hellmut von Gerlach
- Helmut Hasse
- Richard Heinze
- Rudolf Heinze
- Otto Hoetzsch
- Hubertus, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg
- Gerhard Kittel
- Werner Kollath
- Wilhelm Kube
- Hanfried Lenz
- Max Maurenbrecher
- Joachim Mrugowsky
- Ludwig Müller (theologian)
- Friedrich Naumann
- Karl Ernst Osthaus
- Otto Peltzer
- Kurt Scharf
- Gustav Adolf Scheel
- Percy Ernst Schramm
- Rudi Stephan
- Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer
- Ernst Wahle
- Kuno von Westarp
See also
Notes and references
- Kyffhäuserbund e.V.
- Kyffhäuser-Bund der Deutschen Landeskriegerverbände e.V. - (Historisches Lexikon Bayerns)
- Dieter Fricke et al.: Kyffhäuser-Bund der Deutschen Landeskriegerverbände (KB) 1900-1943. In: Dieter Fricke (Hrsg.): Die bürgerlichen Parteien in Deutschland. Berlin 1968, S.296-312.
- Karl Saul: Der "Deutsche Kriegerbund". Zur innenpolitischen Funktion eines nationalen Verbandes im kaiserlichen Deutschland. In: Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen (MGM). 2/1969. S.95-159.
- Karl Führer: Der "Deutsche Reichskriegerbund Kyffhäuser" 1930-1934. Politik, Ideologie und Funktion eines "unpolitischen" Verbandes. In: Militärgeschichtliche Mitteilungen (MGM). 2/1984. S.57-76.
- Heinz Kleene Das Kriegervereinswesen im Emsland zur Zeit des Kaiserreiches In: Jahrbuch des Emsländ. Heimatbundes Sögel 2005. S.137-159
