Law enforcement in Cuba
Law enforcement in Cuba is the responsibility of the National Revolutionary Police Force (Spanish: Policía Nacional Revolucionaria, PNR) under the administration of the Cuban Ministry of the Interior. Article 64 of the Cuban Constitution states that "Defense of the socialist motherland is every Cuban's greatest honor and highest duty."[1] Conscription into either the armed forces or the national police force is compulsory for those over the age of 16. Nevertheless, conscripts have no choice to which service they are assigned.[2]
Crime rates in Cuba remain significantly lower than many other major cities worldwide, with Cuban police acting strongly against any crime, particularly in Havana. Fidel Castro commented in 1998 that "The war against crime is also a war against the imperialist enemy."[3] Information on murder and rape crime statistics for the country have never been released by the government, however theft was estimated to be 6,531 cases in 1988, or 62 per 100,000 population.[4] The Cuban penal system contained 19,000 inmates in 1990, approximately 190 per 100,000.[4]
Administration of the PNR
As with many countries, the PNR is under the control of the Ministry of the Interior, which in turn reports to the Council of State. The Ministry of the Interior is divided into three divisions: Security, Technical Operations, and Internal Order and Crime Prevention. The latter is further divided into corrections, fire protection, and policing.[4] The PNR reports to this subdirectorate, and is responsible for uniform policing, criminal investigation, crime prevention, juvenile delinquency, and traffic control. The PNR conducts these activities across the 14 provinces of Cuba, each of which has its own police chief who reports to a central PNR command in Havana.[4]
While the Internal Order and Crime Prevention controls the PNR, which is responsible for day-to-day policing, the Security division of the Ministry of the Interior is responsible for crimes such as espionage, sabotage, and offenses against state security.[4] All these divisions of the Ministry of the Interior and the PNR have been closely associated with the Revolutionary Armed Forces since 1959.
In addition, the PNR is supported by the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDR), a police intelligence auxiliary police organization using la guardia, a nightly neighborhood watch. The CDR also handle issues relating to water and energy conservation, pet inoculation, and public health.[4]
Equipment
The PNR have a wide range of police cars, particularly in the major cities, but also patrol on foot. They utilize radio communications, as well as a developmental computer dispatching system.[4] PNR officers are armed with a semi-automatic handgun and a baton, and they "may use necessary force to apprehend suspects and to defend their person or that of any other citizen"[4] and a warrant is a serious requirement under Cuban law.[4]
Notes
- ↑ UN Commission on Human Rights, 1988. Report by the Secretary-General. United Nations, Geneva.
- ↑ War Resisters' International Cuba retrieved July 2, 2007
- ↑ Latin-American Studies Police crack down on crime in Cuban capital CNN. Retrieved July 2, 2007
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 World Factbook of Criminal Justice Systems Cuba retrieved July 2, 2007
