List of United Kingdom by-elections (2010–present)

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This is a list of parliamentary by-elections in the United Kingdom since 2010, with the names of the incumbent and victor and their respective parties. Where seats changed political party at the election, the result is highlighted: blue for a Conservative gain, red for a Labour gain, orange for a Liberal Democrat gain, purple for a UKIP gain and other colours for any other gains.

As of February 2024, a total of 58 by-elections have been held in this period. The first was held in January 2011 and the most recent (three elections) in February 2024.

Process of resignation from the House of Commons

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Main article: Resignation from the House of Commons of the United Kingdom

Where the cause of by-election is given as "resignation" or "seeks re-election", this indicates that the incumbent was appointed on his or her own request to an "office of profit under the Crown", either the Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds or the Steward of the Manor of Northstead. Accepting an office of profit under the Crown vacates the member's seat.[1] This process is used because members of the House of Commons are not technically permitted to resign. A member who vacates their seat in this manner may stand for re-election.

By-elections

2019–present Parliament

As of March 2024, 22 by-elections have occurred in the 2019–present Parliament, the most by-elections in one parliament since the 1987–1992 Parliament, which had 24. Thirteen by-elections occurred in constituencies previously represented by the governing Conservatives, seven in constituencies represented by Labour, and two in constituencies represented by the SNP. The incumbent MP's party won nine by-elections, including one at Southend West, in which the other major parties did not field candidates. Labour won twelve by-elections, gaining six seats from the Conservatives and one from the SNP, but losing one to the Conservatives and one to the Workers Party of Britain. The Liberal Democrats gained four seats from the Conservatives, while the Conservatives gained one from Labour. Five by-elections happened due to the deaths of the incumbent MPs, three of whom represented the Conservatives and two Labour.

By-election Date Incumbent Party Winner Party Cause
Rochdale 29 February 2024 Tony Lloyd style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour George Galloway style="width: 5px; background-color: Template:Workers Party of Britain/meta/color;" data-sort-value="Workers Party of Britain" | [[Workers Party of Britain|Template:Workers Party of Britain/meta/shortname]] Death (leukaemia).[2]
Kingswood 15 February 2024 Chris Skidmore style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative[lower-alpha 1] Damien Egan style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resignation in protest of the Conservative government's bill to grant new oil and gas licences.[3]
Wellingborough 15 February 2024 Peter Bone style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative[lower-alpha 2] Gen Kitchen style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Successful recall petition after allegations of bullying and sexual misconduct.[4]
Tamworth 19 October 2023[5] Chris Pincher style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative[lower-alpha 3] Sarah Edwards style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resigned after losing his appeal to his suspension due to groping allegations.[6]
Mid Bedfordshire 19 October 2023 Nadine Dorries style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Alistair Strathern style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resigned after being omitted from Boris Johnson's resignation honours list.
Rutherglen and Hamilton West 5 October 2023 Margaret Ferrier style="width: 5px; background-color: #FFFF00;" data-sort-value="Scottish National Party" | SNP[lower-alpha 4] Michael Shanks style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Recall petition after breaking COVID-19 rules in 2020.[7]
Somerton and Frome 20 July 2023 David Warburton style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative[lower-alpha 5] Sarah Dyke style="width: 5px; background-color: #FDBB30;" data-sort-value="Liberal Democrats (UK)" | Liberal Democrat Resigned 14 months after suspension from the Conservative Party pending an investigation.
Selby and Ainsty 20 July 2023 Nigel Adams style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Keir Mather style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resigned after being omitted from Boris Johnson's resignation honours list.[8][9]
Uxbridge and South Ruislip 20 July 2023 Boris Johnson style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Steve Tuckwell style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Resigned after a parliamentary investigation found evidence he misled Parliament over Partygate and he failed to act on warnings about Chris Pincher. This led a parliamentary committee to recommend suspending him from the House for 20 days.[10][11]
West Lancashire 9 February 2023 Rosie Cooper style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Ashley Dalton style="width: 5px; background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK) /meta/color;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK) " | [[Labour Party (UK) |Template:Labour Party (UK) /meta/shortname]] Resigned to be chair of Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust.[12][13]
Stretford and Urmston 15 December 2022 Kate Green style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Andrew Western style="width: 5px; background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK) /meta/color;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK) " | [[Labour Party (UK) |Template:Labour Party (UK) /meta/shortname]] Resigned to be deputy mayor of Greater Manchester.[14]
City of Chester 1 December 2022 Chris Matheson style="width: 5px; background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK) /meta/color;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK) " | [[Labour Party (UK) |Template:Labour Party (UK) /meta/shortname]] Samantha Dixon style="width: 5px; background-color: Template:Labour Party (UK) /meta/color;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK) " | [[Labour Party (UK) |Template:Labour Party (UK) /meta/shortname]] Resigned after suspension for serious sexual misconduct.[15]
Tiverton and Honiton 23 June 2022 Neil Parish style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative[lower-alpha 6] Richard Foord style="width: 5px; background-color: #FDBB30;" data-sort-value="Liberal Democrats (UK)" | Liberal Democrat Resigned after being accused of watching pornography in the House of Commons twice.[16]
Wakefield 23 June 2022 Imran Ahmad Khan style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative[lower-alpha 7] Simon Lightwood style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resigned after conviction of sexually assaulting a 15-year-old boy.[19]
Birmingham Erdington 3 March 2022[20] Jack Dromey style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Paulette Hamilton style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Death (heart failure).[21]
Southend West 3 February 2022 David Amess style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Anna Firth style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative[lower-alpha 8] Death (murder).[22]
North Shropshire 16 December 2021 Owen Paterson style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Helen Morgan style="width: 5px; background-color: #FDBB30;" data-sort-value="Liberal Democrats (UK)" | Liberal Democrat Resigned after being found to have broken lobbying rules.[23][24]
Old Bexley and Sidcup 2 December 2021[25] James Brokenshire style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Louie French style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Death (cancer).[26]
Batley and Spen 1 July 2021[27] Tracy Brabin style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Kim Leadbeater style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resigned after election as Mayor of West Yorkshire.
Chesham and Amersham 17 June 2021[28] Cheryl Gillan style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Sarah Green style="width: 5px; background-color: #FDBB30;" data-sort-value="Liberal Democrats (UK)" | Liberal Democrat Death (cancer).[29]
Airdrie and Shotts 13 May 2021[30] Neil Gray style="width: 5px; background-color: #FFFF00;" data-sort-value="Scottish National Party" | SNP Anum Qaisar style="width: 5px; background-color: #FFFF00;" data-sort-value="Scottish National Party" | SNP Resigned to contest Airdrie and Shotts in the Scottish Parliament.
Hartlepool 6 May 2021[31] Mike Hill style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Jill Mortimer style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Resigned following allegations of sexual harassment and victimisation.[32][33]

2017–2019 Parliament

There were five by-elections in the 2017–2019 Parliament, which was the smallest number since the six-month parliament that sat between the two general elections in February and October 1974. Three were in seats held by Labour, one by the governing Conservatives and one by Sinn Féin, who do not take up their seats in the House of Commons. Four by-elections were won by the incumbent party and the Liberal Democrats won a seat from Conservatives. One by-election was a result of the death of the incumbent MP, who represented Labour. Two by-elections were the result of recall petitions via the provisions of the Recall of MPs Act 2015, the first such in the country.

At the dissolution of Parliament in 2019 there were two vacancies: Bassetlaw, caused by the resignations of Labour member John Mann, and Buckingham, caused by the resignation of Speaker John Bercow. With the proximity of the 2019 general election, by-elections were not called for these seats. The Conservatives, the party Bercow had represented before he took up the speakership, regained Buckingham and won Bassetlaw from Labour as well.

By-election Date Incumbent Party Winner Party Cause
Brecon and Radnorshire[lower-alpha 9] 1 August 2019 Chris Davies style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Jane Dodds style="width: 5px; background-color: #FDBB30;" data-sort-value="Liberal Democrats (UK)" | Liberal Democrat Recall petition after conviction for false expenses claims.[34][35]
Peterborough 6 June 2019 Fiona Onasanya style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour[lower-alpha 10] Lisa Forbes style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Recall petition after conviction for perverting the course of justice, in relation to a motoring offence.[37][38]
Newport West 4 April 2019 Paul Flynn style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Ruth Jones Labour Death (long illness).[39][40]
Lewisham East 14 June 2018 Heidi Alexander style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Janet Daby style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resignation on appointment as Deputy Mayor of London.[41][42]
West Tyrone 3 May 2018 Barry McElduff style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | Sinn Féin Órfhlaith Begley style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | Sinn Féin Resignation after a joke about the Kingsmill massacre on social media.[43][44]

2015–2017 Parliament

There were ten by-elections in the 2015–2017 Parliament (with a planned by-election in Manchester Gorton cancelled when the 2017 general election was called). Seven were in seats held by Labour, and three by the governing Conservatives. Eight by-elections were won by the incumbent party: the Conservatives won a seat from Labour and lost one to the Liberal Democrats. Three by-elections happened due to the deaths of the incumbent MPs, all of whom represented Labour.

At the dissolution of Parliament in 2017, one seat was vacant: that for Manchester Gorton, caused by the death of its Labour member Gerald Kaufman.[45] With the close proximity of the 2017 general election on 8 June, the by-election previously called for 4 May had its writ cancelled by the House of Commons.[46] All but two of the candidates nominated for the by-election then stood at the general election, and Labour held the seat.

By-election Date Incumbent Party Winner Party Cause
Stoke-on-Trent Central 23 February 2017[47] Tristram Hunt style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Gareth Snell style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resignation to take up his new role as head of the Victoria and Albert Museum.[48]
Copeland[lower-alpha 11] 23 February 2017[47] Jamie Reed style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Trudy Harrison style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Resignation to take up his new role in the nuclear power industry.[49]
Sleaford and North Hykeham 8 December 2016[50] Stephen Phillips style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Caroline Johnson style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Resignation citing irreconcilable differences with the government.[51]
Richmond Park[lower-alpha 9] 1 December 2016[52] Zac Goldsmith style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Sarah Olney Liberal Democrat Sought reelection as an independent in opposition to the government's policy on Heathrow Airport expansion.[53]
Witney 20 October 2016 David Cameron style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Robert Courts style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Resignation as MP two months after resigning as Prime Minister and Leader of Conservative Party.[54]
Batley and Spen 20 October 2016 Jo Cox style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Tracy Brabin style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour[lower-alpha 12] Death (murder).[55]
Tooting 16 June 2016 Sadiq Khan style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Rosena Allin-Khan style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resignation upon election as Mayor of London.[56]
Ogmore 5 May 2016 Huw Irranca-Davies style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Christopher Elmore[57] style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resignation to contest the Welsh Assembly election.[58]
Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough 5 May 2016 Harry Harpham style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Gill Furniss[59] style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Death (cancer).[60]
Oldham West and Royton 3 December 2015 Michael Meacher style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Jim McMahon style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Death (short illness).[61]

2010–2015 Parliament

There were 21 by-elections in the 2010–2015 Parliament. Fourteen were in constituencies held by Labour, four by the governing Conservatives, one by their coalition partners the Liberal Democrats and two by Sinn Féin, who do not take up their seats in the House of Commons. Seventeen by-elections were won by the incumbent party: Labour won a seat from the Conservatives and lost one to Respect, while UKIP gained two seats from the Conservatives after the incumbent MPs defected to the party and were re-elected. Six by-elections happened due to the deaths of the incumbent MPs, all of whom represented Labour. In all six of those by-elections, Labour retained the seat.

By-election Date Incumbent Party Winner Party Cause
Rochester and Strood[lower-alpha 9] 20 November 2014 Mark Reckless style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Mark Reckless style="width: 5px; background-color: #70147A;" data-sort-value="UKIP" | UKIP Sought re-election upon change of party allegiance.[62]
Heywood and Middleton 9 October 2014[63] Jim Dobbin style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Liz McInnes style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Death (acute alcohol toxicity with food aspiration).[64]
Clacton 9 October 2014[65] Douglas Carswell style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Douglas Carswell style="width: 5px; background-color: #70147A;" data-sort-value="UKIP" | UKIP Sought re-election upon change of party allegiance.[66]
Newark 5 June 2014[67] Patrick Mercer style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Robert Jenrick style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Resignation after Standards Committee recommended suspension for six months for breaching paid advocacy rules.[68]
Wythenshawe and Sale East 13 February 2014[69] Paul Goggins style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Mike Kane style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Death (stroke/haemorrhage).[70]
South Shields 2 May 2013 David Miliband style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Emma Lewell-Buck style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resignation to join International Rescue Committee.[71]
Mid Ulster 7 March 2013 Martin McGuinness style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | Sinn Féin Francie Molloy style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | Sinn Féin Resignation to end 'double-jobbing' as MP and Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly.[72]
Eastleigh 28 February 2013 Chris Huhne style="width: 5px; background-color: #FDBB30;" data-sort-value="Liberal Democrats (UK)" | Liberal Democrat Mike Thornton style="width: 5px; background-color: #FDBB30;" data-sort-value="Liberal Democrats (UK)" | Liberal Democrat Resignation following pleading guilty to perverting the course of justice.[73]
Croydon North 29 November 2012 Malcolm Wicks style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Steve Reed style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Death (cancer).[74][75]
Middlesbrough 29 November 2012 Stuart Bell style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Andy McDonald style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Death (cancer).[76]
Rotherham 29 November 2012 Denis MacShane style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Sarah Champion[77] style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resignation after Standards and Privileges Committee recommended suspension for 12 months for claiming false expenses (United Kingdom parliamentary expenses scandal).[78]
Cardiff South and Penarth 15 November 2012 Alun Michael style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Stephen Doughty style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resignation to contest South Wales Police and Crime Commissioner election.[79][80]
Corby[lower-alpha 9] 15 November 2012[81] Louise Mensch style="width: 5px; background-color: #0087DC;" data-sort-value="Conservative Party (UK)" | Conservative Andy Sawford style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resignation for family reasons.[82]
Manchester Central 15 November 2012 Tony Lloyd style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Lucy Powell style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resignation to contest Greater Manchester Police and Crime Commissioner election.[83]
Bradford West[lower-alpha 9] 29 March 2012 Marsha Singh style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour George Galloway style="width: 5px; background-color: #46801c;" data-sort-value="Respect Party" | Respect Resignation (serious health problems).[84]
Feltham and Heston 15 December 2011 Alan Keen style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Seema Malhotra style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Death (cancer).[85]
Inverclyde 30 June 2011[86] David Cairns style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Iain McKenzie style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Death (pancreatitis).
Belfast West 9 June 2011[87] Gerry Adams style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | Sinn Féin Paul Maskey style="width: 5px; background-color: #008800;" data-sort-value="Sinn Féin" | Sinn Féin Resignation (to contest Louth in the Irish general election).[88]
Leicester South 5 May 2011 Peter Soulsby style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Jon Ashworth style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resignation (to contest the mayoralty of Leicester).[89]
Barnsley Central 3 March 2011[90] Eric Illsley style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour[lower-alpha 13] Dan Jarvis style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Resignation after pleading guilty to false accounting (United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal).[91]
Oldham East and Saddleworth 13 January 2011 Phil Woolas style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Debbie Abrahams style="width: 5px; background-color: #DC241f;" data-sort-value="Labour Party (UK)" | Labour Void election; reported personally guilty of false statements of fact concerning a candidate.[92]

Notes

  1. ↑ Skidmore was an independent at the time he resigned from Parliament. He was first elected as a Conservative in 2010 but resigned from the party in January 2024.
  2. ↑ Bone was an independent at the time he was removed from his seat in Parliament. He was elected as a Conservative in 2005 and served as a Conservative MP until he was suspended from the party in October 2023.
  3. ↑ Pincher was elected as a Conservative in 2010 but was an independent at the time he resigned. He served as a Conservative MP until he was suspended from the party in July 2022.
  4. ↑ Ferrier was an independent at the time she was removed from her seat in Parliament. She was suspended from the SNP in October 2020.
  5. ↑ Warburton was elected as a Conservative in 2015 but was an independent at the time he resigned.
  6. ↑ Parish was elected as a Conservative in 2010 but was an independent at the time he resigned.
  7. ↑ Ahmad Khan was elected as a Conservative in 2019 but was an independent at the time he resigned. He was suspended from the party in June 2021 and expelled in April 2022.[17][18]
  8. ↑ As a mark of respect for the murdered MP, Labour, the Liberal Democrats, the Greens, and Reform UK all declined to contest the by-election.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Gain not retained at the subsequent general election.
  10. ↑ Onasanya was an independent at the time of the by-election, originally elected as a Labour candidate in 2017, and expelled from the party in December 2018.[36]
  11. ↑ Gain was retained at the subsequent general election.
  12. ↑ As a mark of respect for the murdered MP, the Conservatives, the Liberal Democrats, UKIP, and the Greens all declined to contest the by-election.
  13. ↑ Eric Illsley was elected as a Labour MP from 1987 and was re-elected at every subsequent general election as a Labour candidate, but was suspended by the Labour Party shortly afterwards after being charged with fraud arising from the United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal.

References

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  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  58. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  61. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  64. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  65. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  66. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  67. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  69. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  70. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  71. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  72. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  73. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  74. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  75. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  76. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  77. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  78. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  79. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  80. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  81. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  82. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  83. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  84. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  85. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  86. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  87. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  88. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  89. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  90. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  91. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  92. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

See also

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