List of Victoria Cross recipients by nationality

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A bronze cross pattée bearing the crown of Saint Edward surmounted by a lion with the inscription FOR VALOUR. A crimson ribbon is attached
The Victoria Cross

This is a list of recipients of the Victoria Cross by nationality. This list does not include the Victoria Cross awarded to the American Unknown Soldier of World War I Tomb of the Unknowns, buried in Arlington National Cemetery. He was awarded the VC posthumously in 1921. This gesture reciprocated the award of the Medal of Honor to the British Unknown Warrior.

The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of armed forces of some Commonwealth countries and previous British Empire territories. It takes precedence over all other postnominals and medals. It may be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and civilians under military command, and is presented to the recipient during an investiture by the British monarch. It is the joint highest award for bravery in the United Kingdom with the George Cross, which is the equivalent honour for valour not in the face of the enemy.[1] The VC has been awarded on 1356 occasions to 1353 individual recipients.

The original Royal Warrant did not contain a specific clause regarding posthumous awards, although official policy was to not award the VC posthumously. Between 1897 and 1901, several notices were issued in the London Gazette regarding soldiers who would have been awarded the VC had they survived. In a partial reversal of policy in 1902, six of the soldiers mentioned were granted the VC, but not "officially" awarded the medal. In 1907, the posthumous policy was completely reversed and medals were sent to the next of kin of the six officers and men.[2] The Victoria Cross warrant was not officially amended to explicitly allow posthumous awards until 1920 but one quarter of all awards for the First World War were posthumous.[3][4] In 1867, the VC was extended to colonial troops acting under British command. The extension was made following a recommendation for gallantry regarding colonial soldier Major Charles Heaphy for action in the New Zealand land wars in 1864.[5] He was operating under British command and the VC was gazetted in 1867. Colonial troops were not eligible for the VC during the New Zealand land wars, so the New Zealand Cross (1869) was created.[6]

Indian troops were not originally eligible for the Victoria Cross since they had been eligible for the Indian Order of Merit since 1837 which was the oldest British gallantry award for general issue. When the Victoria Cross was created, Indian troops were still controlled by the East India Company and did not come under Crown control until 1860. European officers and men serving with the Honourable East India Company were not eligible for the Indian Order of Merit and the Victoria Cross was extended to cover them in October 1857. It was only at the end of the 19th Century that calls for Indian troops to be awarded the Victoria Cross intensified. Indian troops became eligible for the award in 1911. The first awards to Indian troops appeared in the London Gazette on 7 December 1914 to Darwan Sing Negi and Khudadad Khan. Negi was presented with the Victoria Cross by King George V during a visit to troops in France. The presentation occurred on 5 December 1914 and he is one of a very few soldiers presented with his award before it appeared in the London Gazette.[7] In 1904, Frederick Russell Burnham was to be awarded the Victoria Cross for his valour in Southern Africa, but Burnham declined rather than renounce his U.S. citizenship—a requirement at the time. Instead, he was awarded the British Army's second highest commendation, the Distinguished Service Order.

Several Commonwealth countries have now created their own award systems. Since 1991, Australia, Canada and New Zealand have created their own separate Victoria Crosses; the Victoria Cross for Canada, the Victoria Cross for Australia and the Victoria Cross for New Zealand. Only five of these separate medals have been awarded: Willie Apiata received the Victoria Cross for New Zealand on 26 July 2007; Mark Donaldson, Ben Roberts-Smith, Daniel Keighran and Cameron Baird have all been awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia. All five awards were for actions in Afghanistan. As these are separate medals, they are not included in this list.

Recipients by nationality

  •       Rows highlighted in orange contain links to separate pages which contain the recipients of countries with over 75 recipients
  •       This along with the *, indicates that the Victoria Cross was awarded posthumously
Name Nationality Date of action Conflict Unit Place of action Notes
Bellenden Hutcheson American 1918 First World War 75th Bn Canadian Expeditionary Force Drocourt-Quéant Support Line, France [8]
William Metcalf American 1918 First World War Canadian Expeditionary Force Arras, France [8]
George Mullin American 1917 First World War Canadian Expeditionary Force Passchendaele, Belgium [8]
William Seeley American 1864 Bombardment of Shimonoseki HMS Euryalus Shimonoseki, Japan
Raphael Zengel American 1918 First World War Canadian Expeditionary Force Warvillers, France [9]
AAA AustraliaAustralian recipients AAA AAA AA01 AAA
Adrian De Wiart Belgian 1916 First World War BB0044th Dragoon Guards La Boiselle, France
Samuel Hodge British Virgin Islands 1866 Gambia Campaign BB0044th West India Regiment Tubabecelong, Gambia
AAB CanadaCanadian recipients AAB AAB AA02 AAB
William Bruce Channel Islander 1914 First World War BB05959th Scinde Rifles Givenchy, France
Lewis Halliday Channel Islander 1900 Boxer Rising Royal Marine Light Infantry Peking, China
Duncan Home Channel Islander 1857 Indian Mutiny Bengal Sappers and Miners Delhi, India
George Ingouville Channel Islander 1855 Crimean War HMS Arrogant Vyborg, Russia
Herbert Le Patourel Channel Islander 1942 Second World War Hampshire Regiment Tebourba, Tunisia
Ferdinand Le Quesne Channel Islander 1889 British rule in Burma Royal Army Medical Corps Voklaak, Burma
John McCrea Channel Islander 1881 Basuto Gun War BB0011st Cape Mounted Yeomanry Tweefontein, South Africa
Allastair McReady-Diarmid Channel Islander 1917 First World War Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment) Moeuvres, France
George Nurse Channel Islander 1899 Second Boer War Royal Field Artillery Colenso, South Africa
Euston Sartorious Channel Islander 1859 Second Afghan War BB05959th Regiment of Foot Shahjui, Afghanistan
Reginald Sartorious Channel Islander 1874 First Ashanti Expedition BB0066th Bengal Cavalry Obugu, Ashanti
Thomas Dinesen Danish 1918 First World War BB04242nd Bn CEF Canadian Expeditionary Force Parvillers, France
Percy Hansen Danish 1915 First World War BB0066th Lincolnshire Regiment Gallipoli, Turkey
Anders Lassen Danish 1945* Second World War Special Boat Service Comacchio, Italy
AAC EnglandEnglish recipients AAC AAC AA03 AAC
Sefanaia Sukanaivalu Fijian 1944* Second World War Fiji Infantry Regiment Mawaraka, Bougainville Island
Charles Wooden German 1854 Crimean War BB01717th Lancers Balaklava, Crimea
Johnson Beharry Grenadian 2004 Iraq War Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment Amarah, Iraq
William Johnstone Hanoverian 1854 Crimean War HMS Arrogant, RN Åland Islands, Finland [10]
Premindra Bhagat Indian 1941 Second World War Corps of Indian Engineers Gallabat, Abyssinia
Yeshwant Ghadge Indian 1944* Second World War Maratha Light Infantry Upper Tiber Valley, Italy
Abdul Hafiz Indian 1944* Second World War BB0099th Jat Regiment Imphal, India
Namdeo Jadav Indian 1945 Second World War BB0055th Maratha Light Infantry Senio River, Italy
Karamjeet Judge Indian 1945* Second World War BB4154/15th Punjab Regiment Meiktila, Burma
Lala Indian 1916 First World War BB04141st Dogras El Orah, Mesopotamia
Darwan Negi Indian 1914 First World War BB03939th Garhwal Rifles Festubert, France
Gabar Negi Indian 1915* First World War BB03939th Garhwal Rifles Neuve Chapelle, France
Bhandari Ram Indian 1944 Second World War BB010Garhwal Rifles Arakan State, Burma
Chhelu Ram Indian 1943* Second World War BB0066th Rajputana Rifles Djebel Garci, Tunisia
Kamal Ram Indian 1944 Second World War BB0088th Punjab Regiment River Gari, Italy
Richhpal Ram Indian 1941* Second World War BB0066th Rajputana Rifles Keren, Eritrea
Badlu Singh Indian 1918* First World War BB01414th Murray's Jat Lancers River Jordan, Palestine
Chatta Singh Indian 1916 First World War BB009Garhwal Rifles Battle of the Wadi, Mesopotamia
Gian Singh Indian 1945 Second World War BB01515th Punjab Regiment Myingyan, Burma
Gobind Singh Indian 1917 First World War BB028Garhwal Rifles Pezières, France [11]
Ishar Singh Indian 1921 Waziristan Campaign BB02828th Punjab Regiment Haidari Kach, India
Nand Singh Indian 1944 Second World War BB1111/11th Garhwal Rifles Maungdaw–Buthidaung Road, Burma
Parkash Singh Indian 1943 Second World War BB0088th Punjab Regiment Donbaik, Burma
Prakash Singh Indian 1945* Second World War BB01313th Frontier Force Rifles Kanlan Ywathit, Burma
Ram Singh Indian 1944* Second World War BB001Garhwal Rifles Kennedy Peak, Burma
Mir Dast Indian 1915 First World War BB05555th Coke's Rifles Wieltje, Belgium
Fazal Din Indian 1945 Second World War BB01010th Baluch Regiment Meiktila, Burma
Ali Haidar Indian 1945 Second World War BB01313th Frontier Force Rifles Fusignano, Italy
Khudadad Khan Indian 1914 First World War BB129129th Duke of Connaught's Own Baluchis Hollebeke, Belgium
Shahamad Khan Indian 1916 First World War BB08989th Punjab Regiment Beit Ayeesa, Mesopotamia
Sher Shah Indian 1945* Second World War BB01616th Punjab Regiment Kyeyebyin, Burma
Umrao Singh Indian 1944 Second World War Royal Indian Artillery Kaladan Valley, Burma
AAD IrelandIrish recipients AAD AAD AA04 AAD
William Gordon Jamaican 1892 Second Gambian Campaign West India Regiment Toniataba, Gambia
Nigel Leakey Kenyan 1941* Second World War BB012King's African Rifles

Colito, Abyssinia
Robert Henry Cain Manx 1944 Second World War BB0022nd Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment Arnhem, Netherlands [12]
Gaje Ghale Nepalese 1943 Second World War BB0055th Royal Gurkha Rifles Chin Hills, Burma
Bhanbhagta Gurung Nepalese 1945 Second World War BB0022nd Gurkha Rifles Tamandu, Burma
Lachhiman Gurung Nepalese 1945 Second World War BB0088th Gurkha Rifles Taungdaw, Burma
Thaman Gurung Nepalese 1944* Second World War BB0055th Royal Gurkha Rifles Monte San Bartolo, Italy
Ganju Lama Nepalese 1944 Second World War BB0077th Gurkha Rifles Ningthoukhong, Burma
Rambahadur Limbu Nepalese 1965 Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation BB01010th Gurkha Rifles Sarawak, Borneo
Tulbahadur Pun Nepalese 1944 Second World War BB0066th Gurkha Rifles Mogaung, Burma
Agansing Rai Nepalese 1944 Second World War BB0055th Royal Gurkha Rifles Bishenpur, Burma
Karanbahadur Rana Nepalese 1918 First World War BB0033rd Gurkha Rifles El Kefr, Egypt
Kulbir Thapa Nepalese 1915 First World War BB0033rd Gurkha Rifles Fauquissart, France
Netrabahadur Thapa Nepalese 1944* Second World War BB0055th Royal Gurkha Rifles Bishenpur, Burma
Sher Thapa Nepalese 1944* Second World War BB0099th Gurkha Rifles San Marino, Italy
Leslie Andrew New Zealander 1917 First World War Wellington Infantry Regiment La Basse Ville, Belgium
Cyril Bassett New Zealander 1915 First World War New Zealand Divisional Signal Company Gallipoli, Turkey
Donald Brown New Zealander 1916 First World War Otago Infantry Regiment High Wood, France [13]
James Crichton New Zealander 1918 First World War BB500Auckland Infantry Regiment Crèvecœur, France
Cecil D'arcy New Zealander 1879 Anglo-Zulu War Frontier Light Horse Ulundi, South Africa
Keith Elliott New Zealander 1942 Second World War BB02222nd, 2nd New Zealand Division Ruweisat, Egypt
Samuel Forsyth New Zealander 1918* First World War Royal New Zealand Engineers Grévillers, France
Bernard Freyberg New Zealander 1916 First World War BB06363rd (Royal Naval) Division Beaucourt sur Ancre, France
Samuel Frickleton New Zealander 1917 First World War New Zealand Rifle Brigade Messines, Belgium
John Grant New Zealander 1918 First World War Wellington Infantry Regiment Bancourt, France
William Hardham New Zealander 1901 Second Boer War BB0044th New Zealand Contingent Naauwpoort, South Africa
Charles Heaphy New Zealander 1864 New Zealand Wars BB501Auckland Militia Mangapiko River, New Zealand
John Hinton New Zealander 1941 Second World War BB02020th, 2nd New Zealand Division Kalamai, Greece
Clive Hulme New Zealander 1941 Second World War BB02323rd, 2nd New Zealand Division Crete, Greece
Reginald Judson New Zealander 1918 First World War BB500Auckland Infantry Regiment Bapaume, France
Harry Laurent New Zealander 1918 First World War New Zealand Rifle Brigade Gouzeaucourt Wood, France
Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu New Zealander 1943* Second World War BB02828th, 2nd New Zealand Division Tebaga Gap, Tunisia
Henry Nicholas New Zealander 1917 First World War Canterbury Infantry Regiment Polderhoek, Belgium
William Sanders New Zealander 1917* First World War HMS Prize (HMS Prize) Atlantic
Alfred Shout New Zealander 1915* First World War First Australian Imperial Force Gallipoli
Richard Travis New Zealander 1918* First World War Otago Infantry Regiment Rossignol Wood, France
Leonard Trent New Zealander 1943 Second World War No. 487 Squadron RNZAF Amsterdam, Netherlands
Lloyd Trigg New Zealander 1943* Second World War No. 200 Squadron RAF Atlantic
Charles Upham New Zealander 1941
1942		 Second World War BB02020th, 2nd New Zealand Division Crete, Greece, (1941),
Ruweisat Ridge, Egypt (1942)		 [14]
James Ward New Zealander 1941* Second World War No. 75 Squadron RNZAF Munster, Germany
John Croak Newfoundlander 1918* First World War BB01313th Battalion, CEF Amiens, France [15]
Thomas Ricketts Newfoundlander 1918 First World War Royal Newfoundland Regiment Ledeghem, Belgium [15]
Frank Baxter Rhodesian 1896* Matabeleland Rebellion Bulawayo Field Force Umguza, Rhodesia
Frederick Booth Rhodesian 1917 First World War British South Africa Police Johannesburg, German East Africa [16]
Herbert Henderson Rhodesian 1897 Matabeleland Rebellion Bulawayo Field Force Bulawayo, Rhodesia
AAE ScotlandScottish recipients AAE AAE AA05 AAE
Herman Albrecht South African 1900* Second Boer War Imperial Light Horse Ladysmith, South Africa
Andrew Beauchamp-Proctor South African 1918 First World War No. 84 Squadron RFC Western Front, France
John Clements South African 1901 Second Boer War Rimington's Guides Strijdenburg, South Africa
Joseph Crowe South African 1857 Indian Mutiny BB07878th Regiment of Foot Boursekee Chowkee, India
Cecil D'arcy South African 1879 Zulu War Frontier Light Horse Ulundi, South Africa
William Faulds South African 1916 First World War BB0011st South African Infantry Delville Wood, France
George Gristock South African 1940* Second World War Royal Norfolk Regiment Tournai, Belgium
Edmund Hartley South African 1879 Zulu War Cape Mounted Riflemen Morosi's Mountain, South Africa
Reginald Hayward South African 1918 First World War Wiltshire Regiment Fremicourt, France
William Hewitt South African 1917 First World War BB0022nd South African Light Infantry Ypres, Belgium
Horace Martineau South African 1899 Second Boer War Protectorate Regiment Mafeking, South Africa
John McCrea South African 1881 First Boer War BB0011st Cape Mounted Yeomanry Tweefontein, South Africa
Charles Mullins South African 1899 Second Boer War Imperial Light Horse Elandslaagte, South Africa
Randolph Nesbitt South African 1896 Mashona Rebellion Mashonaland Mounted Police Salisbury, Rhodesia
John Nettleton South African 1942 Second World War No. 44 (Rhodesia) Squadron RAF Augsburg, Germany
Gerard Norton South African 1944 Second World War Kaffrarian Rifles Monte Gidolfo, Italy
Oswald Reid South African 1917 First World War King's (Liverpool) Regiment Dialah River, Mesopotamia
Clement Robertson South African 1917 First World War Queen's Royal Regiment Zonnebeke, Belgium
John Sherwood-Kelly South African 1917 First World War Norfolk Regiment Marcoing, France [17]
Quentin Smythe South African 1942 Second World War Natal Carbineers Alem Hamza, Egypt
Edwin Swales South African 1945 Second World War South African Air Force Pforzheim, Germany
Basil Horsfall Sri Lankan (Ceylonese) 1918* First World War East Lancashire Regiment Ablainzevelle, France
Peter Brown Swedish 1879 Basuto Gun War Mounted Riflemen Morosi's Mountain, South Africa
Christian Schiess Swiss 1879 Anglo-Zulu War Natal Native Contingent Rorke's Drift, South Africa
Filip Konowal Ukrainian 1917 First World War BB04747th (British Columbia) Lens, France [8]
Frederick Barter Welsh 1915 First World War Royal Welch Fusiliers Festubert, France
Stephen Beattie Welsh 1942 Second World War HMS Campbeltown Saint-Nazaire, France
Robert Bye Welsh 1917 First World War Welsh Guards Yser Canal, Belgium
Edward Chapman Welsh 1945 Second World War Monmouthshire Regiment Dortmund-Ems Canal, Germany
James Davies Welsh 1917* First World War Royal Welch Fusiliers Polygon Wood, Belgium
Lewis Evans Welsh 1917 First World War Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) Zonnebeke, Belgium
John Fox-Russell Welsh 1917* First World War Royal Army Medical Corps Tel-el-Khuweilfeh, Palestine
William Fuller Welsh 1914 First World War Welch Regiment Chivy-sur-Aisne, France
Robert Jones Welsh 1879 Zulu War BB02424th Regiment of Foot Rorke's Drift, South Africa
Hubert Lewis Welsh 1916 First World War Welch Regiment Macukovo, Greece
John Linton Welsh 1943* Second World War HMS Turbulent At sea
Thomas Monaghan Welsh 1858 Indian Mutiny BB0022nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays) Jamo, India
Ivor Rees Welsh 1917 First World War South Wales Borderers Pilkem, Belgium
Lionel Rees Welsh 1916 First World War Royal Flying Corps Double Crassieurs, France
Hugh Rowlands Welsh 1854 Crimean War BB04141st (Welsh) Regiment of Foot Battle of Inkerman, Crimea
Robert Shields Welsh 1855 Crimean War BB02323rd Regiment Sebastopol, Crimea
Jacob Thomas Welsh 1857 Indian Mutiny Bengal Artillery Lucknow, India
Richard Wain Welsh 1917* First World War BB499"A" Battalion, Tank Corps Cambrai/Marcoing, France
Bernard Warburton-Lee Welsh 1940* Second World War British 2nd Destroyer Flotilla Narvik, Norway [18]
William Waring Welsh 1918* First World War Royal Welch Fusiliers Ronssoy, France
Tasker Watkins Welsh 1944 Second World War Welch Regiment Barfour, France
Henry Weale Welsh 1918 First World War Royal Welch Fusiliers Bazentin-le-Grand, France
Jack Williams Welsh 1918 First World War South Wales Borderers Villers Outreaux, France
John Williams Welsh 1879 Zulu War BB02424th Regiment of Foot Rorke's Drift, South Africa
William Williams Welsh 1917 First World War HMS Pargust (HMS Pargust) Atlantic, near France [19]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27986. p. 325. 15 January 1907. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
  3. ↑ Crook, MJ, Chapter 8 pp.68–90
  4. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 31946. p. 6702. 18 June 1920. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Crook, MJ, Chapter 11. pp 117–125
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Also considered Canadian recipient.
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  9. ↑ Zengel was American born, considered Canadian.
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  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Brown died in action three weeks after the action that led to his award.
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  14. ↑ Charles Upham is one of only three people to have won the Victoria Cross twice.
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  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Newfoundlander recipients of the Victoria Cross are sometimes erroneously included with Canadian awards, as Newfoundland became part of Canada in 1949.
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  16. ↑ Born in London
  17. ↑ Commanding officer of 1st Bn Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers at time
  18. ↑ and Captain of HMS Hardy
  19. ↑ Williams was chosen by ballot to be the recipient, after the actions of all seamen were deemed to be equal importance.
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References

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