List of World War II torpedoes of Germany

List of World War II Kriegsmarine torpedoes

Designation		Codename	Propulsion	Dimensions	Range (speed)	Warhead (pistol)	Notes
KM#	Type
TI	G7a		Wet heater	533.4 mm / 7163 mm	120hm (30kn 'NS') / 75hm (40kn 'WS') / 50hm (44kn 'SS')	Ka (Pi1), Kc (Pi3)	The standard torpedo prior to World War II, used by all platforms during World War II: surface combatants (Kreuzer, Zerstörer, T-Boote, S-Boote) and U-boats at night. Nicknamed "ato" by German crews (i.e. atem- or air-torpedo, indicating the steam propulsion) to distinguish it from the G7e (electric torpedoes). 44kn speed was only used for S-Boote. According to certain sources only used from surface vessels during the last part of World War II.
TI Fat I	G7a		Wet heater	533.4mm / 7163mm	120hm (30kn) / 75hm (40kn) / 50hm (44kn)	Ka (Pi1), Kc (Pi3)	Standard TI with Fat program-control type I (for security-reasons only used by night).
TI Lut I	G7a		Wet heater	533.4mm / 7163mm	120hm (30kn) / 75hm (40kn) / 50hm (44kn)	Ka (Pi1), Kc (Pi3)	Standard TI with Lut program-control type I.
TI Lut II	G7a		Wet heater	533.4mm / 7163mm	120hm (30kn) / 75hm (40kn) / 50hm (44kn)	Ka (Pi1), Kc (Pi3)	Standard TI with Lut program-control type II.
TIü	G7a		Wet heater	533.4mm / 7163mm	<120hm (30kn) / <75hm (40kn)	Exercise head only (light)	Torpedo dedicated for educational/training purposes with Schulboote at U-Flotillen. It had restricted settings on depth mechanism, a light (empty) exercise head and other minor modifications, to ensure positive buoyancy at the end of the run and reduced stress on the engine (=less damages and loss of torpedoes, i.e. achieving a higher number of shots).
TIü Lut II	G7a		Wet heater	533.4mm / 7163mm	<120hm (30kn) / <75hm (40kn)	Exercise head only (light)	TIü with Lut program-control type II.
TII	G7e		Electric, lead-acid battery (13T)	533.4mm / 7163mm	50hm (30kn)	Ka (Pi1)	Faulty pistols. Nicknamed "eto" (electric torpedo) by German crews for easy distinguishing from the G7a ("ato" air-driven torpedo). Could not be fitted with Fat or Lut due to its short range.
TIII	G7e		Electric, lead-acid (13T battery)	534,6mm / 7163mm	50hm (30kn)	Kb (Pi2)	Improved pistols and batteries (cable-guide from the battery-chamber to the warhead for powering magnetic pistols). Nicknamed "eto" (electric torpedo) by German crews for easy distinguishing from the G7a ("ato" air-driven torpedo).
TIII Fat II	G7e		Electric, lead-acid (13T battery)	534,6mm / 7163mm	50hm (30kn)	Kb (Pi2)	TIII with Fat program-control type II.
TIIIa Fat II	G7e		Electric, lead-acid (17T battery)	534,6mm / 7163mm	75hm (30kn)	Ka (Pi1), Kb (Pi2)	TIII with improved battery and Fat program-control type II.
TIIIa Lut I	G7e		Electric, lead-acid (17T battery)	534,6mm / 7163mm	75hm (30kn)	Ka (Pi1), Kb (Pi2)	TIII with improved battery and Lut program-control type I.
TIIIa Lut II	G7e		Electric, lead-acid (17T battery)	534,6mm / 7163mm	75hm (30kn)	Ka (Pi1), Kb (Pi2)	TIII with improved battery and Lut program-control type II.
TIIIb	G7e		Electric, lead-acid (13T battery)	534,6mm / 7163mm	40hm (18.5kn)	Kb2 (Pi2f)	TIII with only one battery compartment to reduce weight (special adaptation for use on Marder midget submarine).
TIIIc	G7e		Electric, lead-acid (13T battery)	534,6mm / 7163mm	40hm (18.5kn)	Kb2 (Pi2f)	Improved TIIIb (special adaptation for use on Biber, Hecht, Molch and Seehund midget submarines).
TIIId	G7e	Dackel	Electric, lead-acid (17T 210 battery)	534,6mm / 11000mm	ca. 480hm (9kn)	Kb2 (Pi1d)	Special long-range anti-invasion torpedo with a variant of the Lut II program steering. Launched from S-Boote and barges (it saw operational use against the allied invasion-fleet in Normandy).
TIIIe	G7e	Kreuzotter	Electric, lead-acid (13T Special battery)	534,6mm / 7163mm	75hm (20kn)	Ke1 (Pi4c)	TIII specially adapted for use on Molch and Seehund midget submarines.
TIV	G7es	Falke	Electric, lead-acid	534,6mm / 7163mm	75hm (20kn)	Kd (Pi4a)	Simple acoustic homing. Only operational for a brief period before being replaced by the improved TV.
TV	G7es	Zaunkönig	Electric, lead-acid	534,6mm / 7163mm	57hm (24kn)	Ke1 (Pi4c)	Acoustic homing (three different seekers). Called GNAT by the allies (acronym from "German Naval Acoustic Torpedo). Generally regarded as the best German torpedo of World War II (between 5000 and 6000 launched, with a reported hit-rate of approximately 53%).
TVa	G7es	Zaunkönig	Electric, lead-acid	534,6mm / 7163mm	80hm (21.5kn)	Ke1 (Pi4d)	TV specially adapted for use on S-Boote (end-of-run detonation, reduced speed, longer range and different depth-mechanism).
TVb	G7es	Zaunkönig	Electric, lead-acid	534.6 mm / 7163 mm	80hm (21,5kn)	Ke1 (Pi4c)	TVa adapted for use as an anti U-Boat torpedo.
TVI	G7es		Electric, lead-acid	534,6mm / 7163mm	75hm (30kn)	Kf (Pi6)	TIIIa with minor changes (probably with Lut II) and a special warhead which was never fielded.
TVII	G7ut	Steinbutt	Walter turbine	534,6mm / ?mm	80hm (45kn)	Kb (Pi2), Kf (Pi6)	Ingolin/dekalin/helman/water fueled BO VI-turbine. Combustion-chamber arranged horizontally in the longitudinal axis. Approximately 100 torpedoes produced, but never fielded - mainly due to several problems with both pistol and start ballistics.
TVIII	G7ut	Steinbarsch	Walter turbine	534.6mm / ?mm	80hm (45kn)	Kb (Pi2), Kf (Pi6)	Development of the TVII, with different internal organisation of the various mechanisms. More than 100 torpedoes produced. Was due to be fielded in April 1945, despite several problems during testing.
TIX	G5ut	Goldbutt	Walter turbine	534.6mm / 5490mm	40hm (45kn)		"Goldfisch"-variant planned for the German "Kleinst-Uboote". As development of the U-boat ended, so did the program for the TIX.
TX	G7f NYK	Spinne	Electric, lead-acid (13T battery)	534.6mm / 7163mm	50hm (30kn)	Ka (Pi1)	Wire guided by means of visual sight from a command bunker / observation site. Developed for coastal defence in wagen-, mole- or schiffbatterie (ie launched from a trolley winched out at the beach, from a ramp installed in a harbour or from a ramp alongside an achored vessel). Only 200 torpedoes were built (gerät 43d), intended for 40 "spinne sperrbatterie" to be established on the French channel- and Mediterranean coastline from July 1944. A total of 35 batteries were established (in various state of completion) by D-Day. Most of these were evacuated to the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Denmark after the invasion (85 TX torpedoes were found in 20 Danish batteries at the end of the war). Another version (gerät 43cp) was tested for use on midget submarines (Marder/Molch/Seehund) with good results, but never fielded.
TXI	G7es	Zaunkönig II	Electric, lead-acid	534.6mm / 7163mm	57hm (24kn)	Ke1 (Pi4c)	TV with Improved acoustic homing and depth mechanism. Ready for use, but only 38 were built. No record of usage in World War II (five TXI torpedoes recovered from the U-534, now on display in Birkenhead, UK. Four of the TXIs were picked for parts and blown up. Only one torpedo remains on display with the U-boat).
TXII	G5e		Electric, lead-acid (9T battery)	534.6mm / 5550mm	30hm (30kn)	Kb (Pi2)	Short torpedo developed for the smaller type XVII coastal submarines. Was intended for use until the ingolin-torpedoes were ready for operational use. Never fielded.
TXIII	G7ut	K-Butt	Walter turbine	534.6mm / 7163mm	30hm (45kn)	Kb2 (Pi2)	Ingolin/dekalin/helman/water fueled BO VI-turbine. Less fuel than the "Goldbutt", but 7 m length. Experimental development for the Seehund midget submarine. With sinker-mechanism. Approximately 60 torpedoes produced, planned for fielding by end of April 1945.
TXIV	G7a		Wet heater	534.6mm (527 for airtank) / 7163mm	25hm (34kn)	Kc (Pi3)	TI with changed buoyancy (max air pressure reduced from 200 to 100 kg/cm^2) developed as a replacement for TIIIc (failing batteries) for use on the Seehund midget submarine. With sinker-mechanism. Never fielded.
	G7es	Lerche	Electric (13T 210 Special battery)	534.6mm / 7163mm	unknown	Ke1 (Pi4c, TZ5)	Development of the TV and TX with both active acoustic seeker and wire guidance. Operator in U-boat could listen to the signal from the seeker and manually control the steering. Never fielded.
	G7t		Sauerstoff-turbine	534.6mm / 7163mm	unknown	unknown (TZ2b, TZ5)	Experimental development of the oxygen-turbine. Dropped in favour of the ingolin-engines.
	G7m		Kreismotor	534.6mm / 7163mm	270hm (40kn) / 180hm (48kn)	unknown (TZ2b, TZ6)	Experimental. Gasoline and compressed oxygen as fuel. Development was dropped in favour of the ingolin-engines.
	G7p		Electric, with primary battery		91.5hm (30kn) / 36.5hm (40kn)		Experimental, using two primary batteries (magnesium-carbon and zinc-leadoxide) for propulsion. It was proposed to get very good speed and range, but development ended due to lack of resources.
	M5		Wet heater	736.6 mm / 4880mm	unknown (40kn)	unknown	Experimental torpedo developed for coastal defence with a large explosive charge and long range. Based on the TI with a 6-cylinder engine and only one speed-setting. 20 torpedoes built. Was to be launched from a slide from shore to the water, but testing proved numerous "bottom-runners" due to failure of the launch and general poor quality of design and production.
	G7es	Geier I and II	Electric	534.6mm / 7163mm	unknown		Active sonar homing, experimental. Similar to the TV. Development-program with Luftwaffe, which ended up going for the "Pfau" instead. Otherwise successful design, which led to planning of a further development ("Geier III").
LtIm	F5b		Wet heater	450mm / 5550mm	25hm (40kn)	GK3a (Pi51)	Luftwaffe torpedo adapted for use on Kriegsmarine Kleinst Schnellboote.
	G7as		Wet heater				Acoustic homing, not fielded
	G7u	Klippfisch	Wet heater Walter turbine		95hm (40kn)		Experimental intermediate model for the G7ut development (never planned for production). Ingolin/dekalin/Helman/Water-propulsion, using the aft-section and engine from the TI.
	G7ut	Schildbutt	Walter turbine with seawater injection		140hm (45kn) / 180hm (40kn)		Experimental. Ingolin/dekalin/Helman/Water pressure-injection fueled turbine, later developed with the Steinwal-BO VI turbine.
		Zaunbutt	Ingolin Walter turbine				Acoustic seeker from the TV combined with the ingolin-propulsion. Proposed shorter range than the Steinbutt, due to losing space for fuel in favour of electronics for the seeker. The project was in model-testing phase, when all plans and models were destroyed in a bombing raid. The project was not continued.
		Wal / Steinwal	Ingolin Walter turbine		192hm (45kn)		Experimental. Ingolin/dekalin/water pumped to the motor combined with Helman pressure-conveyor (BO VI-turbine). Development nearly finished by end of the war.
	G7f NY		Electric		12.5hm (30kn)		Experimental surface-running torpedo remotly controlled by radio (several solutions were investigated, including control from airplane and shore-based relay-stations). Hexagon-shaped hull with hydrofoil wings and rocket-propulsion.
	G7m		Closed-circuit propulsion		180hm (48kn)		Considered as replacement for both steam and electric propulsion. Never fielded.
	G7ur	Hecht	Walter rocket				Experimental
	G7ur	Mondfisch	Walter rocket		700hm (45kn)		Experimental. Ingolin/dekalin/floran-fueled rocket-engine (BO VI-Turbine). Transverse combustion-chamber.
	G5ut	Goldfisch	Walter turbine	534.6mm / 5490mm	34hm (45kn)		5 m version of the "Steinfisch". Planned torpedo for the "Spezial-Uboote", with development ending as the uboats never were realized.
			Electric, lead-acid	unknown	unknown		Two experimental torpedo models using the TIII engine, but replacing the conventional propellers with "schlagruder" (oscillating fins, similar to the tail of a whale). The hull was of an unconventional "manta" design, which had several benefits: Less drag in the water. Potential for much higher payload (a total weight of 4 tonnes using the TIII engine, compared to the 1.5 tonne total weight of the TIII). Much more stable travel compared to the traditional tube-formed torpedo hulls. One test model build.
		Ackermann	unknown	unknown	unknown		Wake-homing torpedo with acoustic/pressure seeker. Only theoretic planning.
		Fasan	unknown	unknown	unknown		Active acoustic-seeker with Lut-program steering. Lut program active until a ships wake is crossed/detected, upon the acoustic homing would be triggered. Only at planning-stage.
		Ibis	unknown	unknown	unknown		Active wake-homing acoustic-seeker. Project was dropped in favour of the "Fasan".
		Märchen	unknown	unknown	unknown		Magnetic seeker. Only theoretic planning.
		Taube	unknown	unknown	unknown		Low-frequency, passive acoustic seeker. Only theoretical planning.
	G7v		Wet heater	500mm / 7083mm	120hm (28,5kn)		Older torpedo developed in the early 1920's (prequel for the 21-inch G7a) which saw limited use during WW2. It was used at least until October 1944 in the Ofotfiord-batteries outside Narvik, and most likely for the rest of the war on some "schwimmende" batteries protecting the major german battleships in their bases in northern Norway.
	G/250		Wet heater	450mm / 7083mm	60hm (27kn) / 25hm (36kn)		Older Whitehead-torpedo (developed at the end of WW1), which saw limited use during WW2. For instance, it replaced older norwegian torpedoes at two shore torpedobatteries on the westcoast of Norway during the war (original torpedoes often failed due to conditions at the site, as well as a wish for an increased explosive charge).
	F5		Wet heater	450 mm / 6505 mm	15hm (45kn)		Norwegian 45cm torpedoes (beutewaffe) used at certain shore-based torpedo batteries in Norway.

Kriegsmarine torpedo designation system

The first letter indicates the diameter:

• G = 53 cm (21")
• F = 45 cm (17.7")
• H = 60 cm (23.7")
• M = 75 cm (30")

The number indicates the approximate length (for example, the length of a G7a is 7163 mm):

• 7 = 7 m
• 6 = 6 m
• 5 = 5 m

Next letter(s) indicates specific features regarding propulsion and control:

• a = pressluft/damphgemisch-antrieb (pressurized air/steam engine)
• e = elektrischer antrieb (electric engine)
• f = fernlenkung über funk (remote control by radio)
• d = sauerstoff/damphgemisch-antrieb (oxygen/steam engine)
• p = primärbatterie-antrieb (primary battery propulsion)
• m = verbrennungsmaschine mit kreislaufverfahren (combustion engine recirculating air)
• u = sauerstoffträger ingolin spurenfreier antrieb (oxygen/steam engine with hydrogen peroxide as source for air)
• x = torpedo mit 3-achsen steuerung (3-axes control)
• r = raketen- oder düsenantrieb (rocket- or jet propulsion)
• s = scall, torpedo mit akustischen suchkopf (acoustic seeker)
• t = turbinenantrieb (turbine-engine)

"r" and "t" were only used with "u" to further denote the features of the ingolin-torpedoes. Some sources claim that the "s" only was used with "a" to denote development of G7a with acoustic seeker-capability; however it is also seen used for the electric torpedoes with acoustic seekers.

When the torpedo reached production status and was fielded (i.e. for operational use), Kriegsmarine gave it a short designation "T", or "Torpedonummer", with the number given in Roman lettering (TI, TII, TIII, TIV etc.). For different versions of the main torpedo, a small Arabic letter was added (for example TIIId, TVa etc.) denoting specific/minor changes within the main design.

Warheads and pistols

Warheads was designated with the letter "K" (K = short for Kopf, meaning "head") and a small Arabic letter, with an additional number denoting variants of the head (variations was typical the change of material from bronze to steel or adding/removing spants during the course of the war). Examples: Ka, Ka1, Kb, Kb1 etc.

Pistols used the "Pi" designations to begin with (Pi = short for pistole). The early models was named Pi G7a or Pi G7H according to function and/or torpedo type, but this was later replaced by a simple system of numbers, like "Pi 1", "Pi 2" etc.

To indicate variants within the main design, a small Latin letter was added after the number, like "Pi 1a", "Pi 1b" etc.

At some point, "Pi" was dropped for pistols with combination of mechanical (direct hit) and magnetic (distance-sensor) mechanisms, to the "TZ" designation (TZ = Torpedo-Zündeinrichtung). For example, the mechanical mechanism from the "Pi 1" pistol combined with the magnetic mechanism from "Pi 2" became the "TZ 2".

Code names

Code names were intended used only through the development period for security measures. However, in some cases it was kept on also after the torpedo was fielded and designated with the "T"-number.

Torpedo pistols, program seeker-systems and other special arrangements also had their own "system" of code names, using the names of birds, fish or animals (for example Pi "Leuchtfisch", GA "Specht", seeker "Storch", control "Viper", target detector "Salamander" etc.). During development, the pistols often got code names designated by the industrial developer or manufacturer like simple words/syllables or names associated with the firm or the engineers in charge of the development (for example Pi "Otto", Pi "Atlas", Pi "Berlin" etc.).

Program steering

Fat 

Federapparat or Flächenabsuchender Torpedo (spring device or area searching torpedo), a mechanical device changes the torpedo's course over time so that it runs up- and down on parallel lines of 800 or 1600 m length. Three versions: Fat I, II and III (Fat III = Lut I).

Lut 

Lageunabhängiger Torpedo (bearing independent torpedo), changes the torpedo's course to a preset heading directly after launch, so the launching platform can fire such torpedoes at targets without changing its own course. Two versions: Lut I and Lut II (+ a special Lut II variant for the TIIId torpedo with a very long initial straight run).

List of World War II Luftwaffe torpedoes

Designation		Codename	Propulsion	Dimensions, dia./length	Range (speed)	Warhead (pistol)	Notes
Lw#	Type
	F5		Wet heater	450mm / 5550mm	30hm (33kn)	unknown	Copy of the Norwegian F1 "Horten" torpedo. Limited drop-parametres (75kn airspeed/15-20m height)
LT I	F5a		Wet heater	450mm / 5550mm	26hm (33kn)	unknown	German development of the Norwegian F1 "Horten" torpedo. Improved drop-parametres (140kn airspeed/50m height)
LT I A	F5b		Wet heater	449,6mm / 5490mm	30hm (40kn)	unknown	Improved version of the F5a (increased capacity airtank and higher performance engine).
LT I A1	F5b		Wet heater	449,6mm / 5490mm	20hm (40kn)	GK1, GK2, GK2a, GK3, GK3a, GK4, GK4a, GK6 (PiF5s, Pi30, Pi30m, P42s, Pi43, Pi45, Pi50, Pi51, Pi52, Pi60)	Developed by Kriegsmarine for Luftwaffe. Fielded in 1941. The main German aerial torpedo of World War II.
LT I A2	F5b		Wet heater	449,6mm / 5490mm	30hm (33kn)	GK1, GK2, GK2a, GK3, GK3a, GK4, GK4a, GK6 (PiF5s, Pi30, Pi30m, P42s, Pi43, Pi45, Pi50, Pi51, Pi52, Pi60)	Never fielded.
LT I A3	F5b		Wet heater	449,6mm / 5490mm	60hm (24kn)	GK1, GK2, GK3, GK4, GK4a, GK6 (PiF5s, Pi30, P42s, Pi43, Pi45, Pi50, Pi51, Pi52, Pi60)	GA IX gyroscope with 9a program steering.
LT I B1	F5b		Wet heater	449,6mm / 5490mm	20hm (40kn)	GK1, GK2, GK2a, GK3, GK3a, GK4, GK4a, GK6 (PiF5s, Pi30, Pi30m, P42s, Pi43, Pi45, Pi50, Pi51, Pi52, Pi60)	LT I A1 with electric depth- and gyroscope settings. Fielded early 1944.
LT I B2	F5b		Wet heater	449,6mm / 5490mm	30hm (33kn)	GK1, GK2, GK2a, GK3, GK3a, GK4, GK4a, GK6 (PiF5s, Pi30, Pi30m, P42s, Pi43, Pi45, Pi50, Pi51, Pi52, Pi60)	LT I A2 with electric depth and gyroscope settings. Was probably only used for training purposes.
LT I B3	F5b		Wet heater	449,6mm / 5490mm	60hm (24kn)	GK1, GK2, GK3, GK4, GK4a, GK6 (PiF5s, Pi30, P42s, Pi43, Pi45, Pi50, Pi51, Pi52, Pi60)	LT I A3 with electric depth and gyroscope settings. Fielded in mid-1944.
LT I B4	F5b	Pfau	Wet heater	449,6mm / 5490mm	60hm (24kn)	GK5, GK9 (Pi43, Pi45, Pi52, Pi52a, Pi65)	Passive Acoustic seeker (was ready for use, but never fielded before the end of the war).
LT I C	F5b		Wet heater	449,6mm / 5490mm	unknown	unknown	Never finished testing (development-program ended due to limited resources).
LT II	F5u		Wet heater	450mm / 5010mm	14,8hm (45kn)	unknown	F5b with improved engine. 50 produced, never fielded.
LT II B1	F5u		Ingolin-engine	449,6mm / 5490mm	50hm (40kn)	unknown	Never finished testing (development-program ended due to limited resources).
LT II B3	F5u		Ingolin-engine	449,6mm / 5490mm	119hm (24kn)	unknown	GA 9b with 9b program steering. Never finished testing (development program ended due to limited resources).
LT II C	F5u		Ingolin-engine	449,6mm / 5490mm	unknown	unknown	GA 9b with 9b program steering. Never finished testing (development program ended due to limited resources).
	F5b	Geier I and II	Wet heater	449,6mm / 5490mm	unknown	unknown	Active sonar homing, experimental. Similar to the Kriegsmarine TV. Development program with Kriegsmarine, but Luftwaffe ended up going for the "Pfau" instead.
		Geier III	unknown	unknown	unknown		Proposed development of the Geier II with system for enhancing and comparing the hydrophone echoes. Only reached planning phase.
	F5i		Wet heater	450mm / 5250mm	30hm (40kn)	unknown	Italian standard aerial torpedo.
	F5w		Wet heater	450mm / 5460mm	30hm (40kn)	unknown	Italian Whitehead torpedo.
LT 280			Electric	500mm / 2600mm	120hm (4-14kn)	unknown	Italian light torpedo.
LT 350			Electric	ellipse-shaped hull 500mm / 2600mm	150hm (4-14kn)	unknown	Italian parachute-torpedo. Dropped from a height of 100m. It ran autonomously irregular search-patterns within a 1000x800m box for about one hour with speed decreasing from 14 to 4kn.
LT 850			Wet heater	450mm / 5470mm	20hm (42kn)	unknown	German designation for the successful Japanese airdropped Type 91 Mod 2 torpedo, using Japanese-devised pneumatic PID controller for roll stabilization. 70 torpedoes were delivered, but none were used operationally.
LT 1000a			Ingolin turbine-engine	ellipse-shaped hull (390x200mm) / 5000mm	unknown (40kn)	unknown	Never finished testing (development-program ended due to limited resources).
LT 1000b			Ingolin turbine-engine	ellipse-shaped hull (460x800mm) / 5398mm	unknown (40kn)	unknown	A variant with altered tailsection/rudders.
LT 950	F5b		Wet heater	450mm / 5360mm	30hm (40kn)	unknown	"Flugeltorpedo": F5b equipped with glider-attachment (wings and rudders). Experimental (several variants), not fielded. A maximum range of 2300m glidepath when dropped from a height of 800m were obtained during testing.
LT 9,2	F5b	Frosch	Wet heater	450mm / 5100mm	unknown	unknown	A variant of the "flugeltorpedo" that was not pursued in favour of the LT950C.
LT 950C (L10 flugelantrieb)	F5b	Friedensengel	Wet heater	450mm / 5100mm	90hm	unknown	The final variant of the "flugeltorpedo".
LT 1200A			Ingolin rocket-engine (HWK)	450mm / 5200mm	22hm (40kn)	unknown	Development ended due to the torpedo being to heavy and having too short range (weight: 815kg).
LT 1200B			Ingolin rocket-engine (HWK)	533,4mm / 7000mm	50hm (35kn)	unknown	Development ended due to the torpedo being to heavy and having too short range (weight: 1200kg).
LT 1500 Turbinen-antrieb			Ingolin turbine-engine (HWK/CPVA)	533,4mm / 7050mm	35hm (40kn)	unknown	Improved version of the LT 1200, but similar the development ended due to the torpedo being to heavy and having too short range (weight: 1520kg).
LT 1500 Raketen-antrieb			Ingolin rocket-engine (HWK/CPVA)	533,4mm / 7050mm	unknown	unknown	LT 1500 variant with rocket-engine.

Luftwaffe lufttorpedo designation system

As a general rule, Luftwaffe followed the Kriegsmarine system of code names and designations, but with some differences.

Variations for the letter(s) indicating specific features regarding propulsion and control:

• b = Pressluft/Dampfgemisch-Antrieb (pressurized air/steam engine)
• i and w = indicated Italian-built torpedoes (w = whitehead)

Instead of letters and numbers denoting dimensions and features, a single 3 or 4 digit number was used for some torpedo designs.

Luftwaffe also used the "LT" designation (= Lufttorpedo), but not limited to operational torpedoes. It also combined further letters and numbers to indicate type and features of the torpedo:

• I = Pressluft/Dampfgemisch-Antrieb (pressurized air/steam engine)
• II = Ingolin-Antrieb (use of hydrogen-peroxide as oxygen carrier)
• A = Tiefen- und Winkeleinstellung von Hand (manual setting of depth and steering)
• B = Elektrische Tiefen- und Winkeleinstellung von Hand (electric setting of depth and steering, i.e. possible to change in flight)
• C = Programmsteuerung (programsteering)
• 1 = Speed of 40kn
• 2 = Speed of 33kn
• 3 = Speed of 24kn

Designations for Luftwaffe pistols used the same system as Kriegsmarine, while the warheads used the designation GK (GK = short for Gefechtskopf) followed by a number and a small Arabic letter for variants.

Bombentorpedoes

Luftwaffe also developed a passive weapon called "Bombentorpedo" (BT), which was planned to replace the conventional torpedoes. It was airdropped from a low height and relative short distance from the target, would enter the water and travel the short remaining distance through the water solely driven by its kinetic energy. None BT's were ever fielded operationally.

Designation	Weight	Dimensions, dia. / length	Charge	Notes
BT200	220 kg	300mm / 2395mm	100kg
BT400	435kg	378mm / 2946mm	200kg
BT700A	780kg	426mm / 3500mm	330kg
BT700B	755kg	456mm / 3358mm	320kg
BT1000	1180kg	480mm / 4240mm	710kg	Variant fitted with a rocket-engine, but the design was not successful.
BT1400	1510kg	620mm / 4560mm	920kg
BT1850	1923kg	620mm / 4690mm	1050kg

German torpedo platforms (torpedoträger)

Kriegsmarine

• Submarines (U-Boote)
• Motortorpedoboats, E-Boats (schnellboote)
• Larger surfacevessels like cruisers (kreuzer), destroyers (zerstörer), torpedoboats (torpedoboote)
• Shore-based batteries (torpedosperrbatterie).
• Temporary torpedo batteries (used on strategic places and/or as substitutes until a more permanent battery was established): These batteries were placed on quays/piers, a suitable spot on the ground or on small boats/barges ("schwimmende batterie"). Typical armament for shore-based and temporary batteries was tubes from dismantled surface vessels (typical 533mm zwilling, drilling or vierling rohre).

Luftwaffe

• Aircraft

References

• Bundesmarine: Deutsche Unterwasserwaffen - Torpedos, 1967 (German translation of U.S. Navy Ordnance Pamphlet 1673B)
• Bundesmarine: Torpedo Zünder der Deutschen Marine von 1914 bis 1968 mit historischen Rückblick Band 1, ca 1975
• Torpedo Versuch Anstalt Eckernförde: Short survey of the course of Torpedo Development from T1 to the newest types, 1946 (post-war report for the Royal Navy)
• Royal Navy: B.R.1972 German torpedoes and development of German torpedo control, 1952
• Combined Intelligence Committee, Objectives Subcommittee: Evaluation Report 167: Details of Contents of Microfilm on Captured Documents Pertaining to German Torpedo Developments, 1945
• Numerous Royal Navy reports and translated German documents from TNA (ADM 292)
• Kriegsmarine (T.V.A.): Technische Dienstvorschrift Nr. 194 Torpedo-Kopf-Pistolen-Tabelle, 1944
• Royal Norwegian Navy: SEP-116 Technical manual for Torpedo T1 mod 1, ca 1990 (unofficial - intended as replacement for several regulations like E.12, E.19 etc.)
• Royal Norwegian Navy: E.12 Manual for torpedo mod. T1, ca 1950
• U.S. Navy Ordnance Pamphlet 1666 German Explosive Ordnance Volume 1, 1946
• Eberhard Rössler: Die Torpedos der deutschen U-Boote (2.ed), 2005 (ISBN 3-8132-0842-7)
• Friedrich Lauck: Der Lufttorpedo - Entwicklung und Technik in Deutschland 1915-1945, 1981 (ISBN 3-7637-5230-7)
• Harold Thiele: Luftwaffe Aerial Torpedo Aircraft and Operations in World War Two, 2004 (ISBN 1 902109 42 2)
• Fritz Hahn: Deutsche Geheimwaffen 1939-1945 - Flugzeugbewaffnungen, 1963
• David H Wright: Thesis on German torpedo crisis in WW2, 2004