Outline of community
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The following outline is provided as an overview of topics relating to community.
A community is a group of people whose identity as a group lies in their interaction and sharing. Many factors may affect the identity of the participants and their degree of adhesion, such as intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs and risks.
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Types of communities
Geographic and physical communities
Human geography – who people are and where they live
- European Community – founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome
- Community council – tier of local government in Wales and Scotland
- Autonomous communities of Spain – Spain's fifty provinces are grouped into seventeen autonomous communities
- Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium –
- Local community – town, city, neighborhood, rural area, or any locale and everyone in it
- Unincorporated community – geographic area having a common social identity
- Residential community – small town or city, composed mostly of residents
- Intentional Community – planned residential community, usually of people that share personal and cultural values.
- Cohousing – intentional community composed of private homes centered around a common house and other common facilities.
- Ecovillage – intentional community formed with social, economic, and ecological sustainability as its goal.
- Commune (intentional community) – intentional community where most resources are shared and there is little or no personal property (as opposed to communities that only share housing)
- Monastery – community of monks practicing a religious discipline
- Convent – community of clergy particularly in the Roman Catholic Church and, to a lesser degree, in the Anglican Church
- World Brotherhood Colonies – idea for spiritual based intentional communities based on shared spiritual principles, begun by Paramahansa Yogananda
Global community
- World community – global aspects of community from the perspective of governance and the humanities
- International community – global aspects of community from the perspective of governance and the humanities
- Global village – global aspects of community from the perspective of telecommunications
Ideational or abstract communities
- Business community – total body of business people its relationships and interactions
- Religious community – total body of religious people its relationships and interactions
- Scientific community – total body of scientists, its relationships and interactions
- Epistemic community – those who accept one version of a story
- Discourse Community – users of a particular style of language
- Moral community – group of people drawn together by a common interest in living according to a particular moral philosophy
- Voluntary association – group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to accomplish a purpose
- Cooperative – group of persons who join together (co-operate) to carry on an economic activity of mutual benefit
Associative communities
Community of...
- Action – group of people organized to support a cause or bring about social change
- Circumstance – group of people bound together because of circumstances usually beyond their control
- Interest – group of people who share a common interest or passion
- Place – group of people bound together because of where they spend a continuous portion of their time
- Position – group of people who share a particular station in life (such as teenage years, marriage, parenthood, etc.)
- Practice – group of people who choose to collaborate over an extended period to share ideas, find solutions, and build innovations.
- Purpose – group of people who are going through the same process or are trying to achieve a similar objective
Cooperatives
- Housing cooperative – legal entity that owns real estate, usually one or more residential buildings
- Retailers' cooperative – network of retailers which employs economies of scale to get discounts from manufacturers and to pool marketing
- Consumers' cooperative – cooperative which employs economies of scale to get discounts from distributors
- Utility cooperative – public utility such as electric, water or telecommunications owned by its members
- Worker cooperative – business entity owned in part or exclusively by its workers
Other
- Affinity group – small group of activists (usually from 3-20) who work together on direct action
- Intentional community – planned residential community with a much higher degree of social interaction than other communities
- Learning community – cohort-based, interdisciplinary approach to higher education covering distinct fields of study
- Virtual community – See Virtual community section below
- Web community –
Actual communities
Lists of communities, co-ops, etc.:
Lists of virtual communities:
The world community:
Note to dialup users: the following lists are massive
- List of countries (a comprehensive list of countries of the world)
- List of subnational entities (a comprehensive list of subnational entities, such as states, provinces, communities, etc.)
Online communities
- Craigslist – centralized network of urban online communities, featuring free classified advertisements (with jobs, housing, personals, for sale/barter/wanted, services, community, gigs and resumes categories) and forums sorted by various topics
Community concepts, movements and schools of thought
- Affinity (sociology) – in terms of sociology, refers to "kinship of spirit", interest and other interpersonal commonalities
- Cenobitic – monastic tradition that stresses community life as opposed to eremitic (like a hermit).
- Collective – group of people who share common interests, working together to achieve a common objective
- Collectivism – school of thought, antithetical to Individualism, in which the collective takes precedence over the individual
- Communitarianism – group of related but distinct philosophies advocating phenomena such as civil society
- Communitas – Latin noun for the spirit of community having significance in cultural anthropology and the social sciences.
- Community politics – movement in British politics to re-engage people with political action on a local level
- Community television – television stations that are owned and operated by communities rather than governments or corporations
- Consanguinity – quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person
- Consensus decision-making – inclusive decision-making processes that accommodate even the minority
- Emergence – complex pattern formation from simpler rules
- Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft – terms introduced by German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies to distinguish community from society
- Group (sociology) – collection of people who share characteristics, interact and have a common identity
- Group dynamics – field of study within the social sciences that focuses on the nature of groups
- Imagined communities – concept that nations are socially constructed by the imaginations of people
- Internationalism (politics) – political movement which advocates cooperation between nations for the benefit of all
- Interpersonal relationship – connection, affiliation or association between two or more people
- Liminality – period of transition related to initiation, rite of passage or other entry into a group
- Meeting – two or more people coming together to have discussions or produce a predetermined output, often in a formalized way
- Meritocracy – form of government based on rule by ability (merit) rather than by wealth or other determinants of social position.
- Organization – formal group of people with one or more shared goals
- Organizational learning – area of knowledge that looks at how an organization learns and adapts
- Plenary session – part of a meeting when all members of all parties are in attendance
- Scientific Community Metaphor – approach in computer science to understanding and performing scientific communities
- Sense of community – look from the psychological perspective at how and why communities form and why people join them
- Small-group communication – communication in a context that mixes interpersonal communication interactions with social clustering
- Social capital – concept with a variety of inter-related definitions, based on the economic value of social networks
- Socialization – process by which people learn to adopt the behavior patterns of the community in which they live
- Solidarity (sociology) – feeling or condition of unity based on common goals, interests, and sympathies among a group's members
Academic subjects
- Community studies – academic discipline, drawing on sociology and anthropology with emphasis on ethnography (participant observation)
- Community psychology – use of the principles of psychology to understand how communities work (or fail to work)
- Computational sociology – recently developed branch of sociology that uses computation to analyze social phenomena
- Cultural anthropology – field of anthropology comprising the holistic study of humanity
- Internet studies – emerging field of academia dealing with the interaction between the Internet and modern society
- Organizational Development – branch of Sociology that deals with how and why people organize themselves
- Philosophy of social science – scholarly elucidation and debate of accounts of the nature of the social sciences
- Rural sociology – field of sociology associated with the study of life in small towns and the country.
- Social geography – how society affects geographical features and how environmental factors affect society.
- Social philosophy – philosophical study of interesting questions about social behavior (typically, of humans).
- Social sciences – groups of academic disciplines that study the human aspects of the world using scientific methods
- Sociocultural evolution – theories of cultural evolution and social evolution – describing how cultures and societies have developed over time
- Urban planning – discipline which deals with the development of metropolitan areas, municipalities and neighbourhoods
Community development
Community development – efforts to improve communities:
- Community organizing – process by which people are brought together to act in common self-interest
- Community building – the more informal (or intangible) aspects of community development; the establishment, broadening and deepening of links between community members
- Community economic development – efforts to improve the material aspects of local communities
- Community development planning – Public participatory and usually interactive town or neighborhood planning and design
- Community practice – type of social work practice that focuses on community level interventions
- Community service – service (voluntary or compulsory) that a person performs for the benefit of his or her local community
Virtual community concepts
Virtual community Virtual community – group of people communicating with each other by means of information technologies:
- Bulletin board system –
- Chat room – online site in which people can chat online (talk by broadcasting messages to people on the same site in real time)
- Computer-mediated communication –
- Discourse community –
- Electronic mailing list – special usage of e-mail that allows for widespread distribution of information to many Internet users
- Internet activism –
- Internet forum –
- Internet social network –
- Massively distributed collaboration –
- Motivations for Contributing to Online Communities –
- Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games
- Network of practice –
- Online deliberation –
- Social network –
- Social evolutionary computation –
- The Virtual Community –
- Usenet – distributed Internet discussion system that evolved from a general purpose UUCP network of the same name
- Virtual Community of Practice –
- Virtual Ethnography –
- Virtual reality –
- Web community –
- Web of trust –
- Wireless community projects – development of interlinked computer networks
- World Wide Web – global, read-write information space
See also Category:Virtual reality communities
Other community topics
- Global Ecovillage Network – global association of people and communities (ecovillages) dedicated to living "sustainable plus" lives
- Communication – process of sending information to oneself or another entity – usually via a language
- Gathering place – phenomenal natural location crucial to culture and civilization
- Community Boards – community-based mediation program, established in 1976, in San Francisco, California – USA
- Community garden – small plots of land allocated to groups of people by some organization for collective gardening
- WELL – (Whole Earth Lectronic Link or The WELL) - one of the oldest virtual communities still online.
- The Farm (Tennessee) – spiritual intentional community in Summertown, Tennessee – known informally as a hippie commune
Community institutions
- Community college – educational institution providing post-secondary education
- Community foundations – institutions that pool donations into coordinated investments for grants
- Community (trade union) – trade union in the UK
Lists
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See also
- Community art
- Historian Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities
- Mobile community
- Original affluent society hunter-gatherer aspects of Marshall Sahlins (1966)
- Sustainable community
- Communities of innovation
- Tragedy of the commons and Tragedy of the anticommons
- Other uses of the term "community"
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- Community: A NewOrderOnline Tribute, a tribute album (music recording)
- Biological community, all the interacting organisms living together in a specific habitat