List of countries by research and development spending

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This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available.

List

Only those nations which annually spend more than 100 million dollars have been included. The world's total nominal R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010.[1]

Rank Country/Region Expenditures on R&D
(billions of US$, PPP),		  % of GDP PPP Expenditures on R&D per capita
(US$ PPP),		 Year Source
1  United States 405.3 2.7% 1,275.64 2011 [2]
2  China 337.5 2.08% 248.16 2013 [3]
3  Japan 160.3 3.67% 1,260.42 2011 [4]
4  Germany 69.5 2.3% 861.04 2011 [2]
5  South Korea 65.4 4.36% 1,307.90 2012 [5]
6  India 44 0.9% 37 2013 [2]
7  France 42.2 1.9% 640.91 2011 [2]
8  United Kingdom 38.4 1.7% 602.78 2011 [2]
9  Russia 32.8n1 1.0% 240.62 2013 [2]
10  Canada 24.3 1.8% 688.47 2011 [2]
11  Brazil 19.4 0.9% 96.50 2011 [2]
12  Italy 19.0 1.1% 316.70 2011 [2]
13  Taiwan 19.0 2.3% 812.69 2011 [2]
14  Spain 17.2 1.3% 369.02 2011 [2]
15  Australia 15.9 1.7% 978.97 2011 [2]
17  Sweden 11.9 3.3% 1,232.97 2011 [2]
18  Netherlands 10.8 1.6% 641.23 2011 [2]
19  Israel 11.6 4.2% 1,357 2013 [6]
20  Austria 8.3 2.5% 975.91 2011 [2]
21   Switzerland 7.5 2.3% 924.53 2011 [2]
16  Turkey 14.68 1.01% 94.55 2014 [2][7]
22  Belgium 6.9 1.7% 619.82 2011 [2]
22  Poland 6.9 0.9% 179.21 2011 [2]
24  Mexico 6.4 0.4% 53.46 2011 [2]
25  Finland 6.3 3.1% 1,155.37 2011 [2]
26  Singapore 6.3 2.2% 1,166.84 2011 [2]
27  Denmark 5.1 2.4% 906.31 2011 [2]
28  Norway 4.2 1.6% 822.07 2011 [2]
29  Czech Republic 3.8 1.4% 361.43 2011 [2]
30  South Africa 3.7 0.7% 69.84 2011 [2]
31  Portugal 2.8 1.2% 266.99 2011 [2]
32  Ukraine 2.75 0.85% 60.54 2007 [8]
33  Pakistan 2.73n2 0.67% 14.68 2007 [8]
34  Argentina 2.7 0.4% 67.30 2011 [2]
35  Ireland 2.6 1.4% 566.07 2011 [2]
36  Malaysia 2.6 0.63% 86.54 2010 [9]
37  Saudi Arabia 1.8 0.25% 60.01 2012 [10]

[11]
38  Greece 1.7 0.6% 157.19 2011 [2]
39  Hungary 1.7 0.9% 171.61 2011 [2]
40  Thailand 1.46 0.25% 22.15 2010 [9]
41  New Zealand 1.4 1.2% 309.81 2011 [2]
42  Romania 1.3 0.5% 64.61 2011 [2]
43  Chile 1.22 0.53% 74.65 2007 [8]
44  Belarus 1.02 0.96% 107.73 2007 [8]
45  Egypt 0.91 0.23% 10.56 2007 [8]
46  Slovenia 0.8 1.4% 387.97 2011 [2]
47  Morocco 0.76 0.6% 22.89 2007 [8]
48  Indonesia 0.72 0.07% 2.88 2010 [9]
49  Croatia 0.7 0.81% 163.15 2007 [8]
50  Iran 0.7 n3 0.12% 9.08 2014 [12]
51  Luxembourg 0.67 1.62% 1,247.67 2007 [8]
52  Tunisia 0.66 0.86% 60.63 2007 [8]
53  Colombia 0.6 0.16% 12.63 2007 [8]
54  Vietnam 0.52 0.19% 5.8 2010 [9]
55  Slovakia 0.5 0.4% 92.32 2011 [2]
56  Lithuania 0.47 0.82% 159.76 2007 [8]
57  Bulgaria 0.44 0.48% 60.40 2007 [8]
58  Kazakhstan 0.38 0.21% 22.11 2007 [8]
59  Estonia 0.36 2.41% 384.5 2011 [13]
60  Iceland 0.3 2.3% 921.18 2011 [2]
61  Philippines 0.29 0.09% 65.60 2007 [8]
62  Uruguay 0.272 0.42% 82.77 2007 [8]
63  Serbia 0.25 0.35% 34.81 2007 [8]
64  Peru 0.24 0.1% 7.88 2007 [8]
65  Latvia 0.23 0.59% 115 2007 [8]
66  Sudan 0.18 0.23% 4.74 2007 [8]
67  Algeria 0.16 0.07% 4.13 2007 [8]
68  Costa Rica 0.15 0.32% 32.14 2007 [8]
69  Uganda 0.13 0.39% 3.68 2007 [8]
70  Azerbaijan 0.11 0.17% 11.61 2007 [8]
71  Botswana 0.11 0.42% 54.32 2007 [8]
72  Ethiopia 0.1 0.17% 1.15 2007 [8]

See also

Notes

1. ^ Using Worldbank data (which gave Russia a higher GDP) instead of the IMF data used by Royal Society, Russia would spend $30.1 billion instead of $23 billion with 1% spending on R&D. The Worldbank counted Russia's GDP (PPP) at $3015 billion in 2011. For 2013 and further, their estimates are the same: about $3.2 trillion.[14]
2. ^ Pakistan spends 0.67% of its GDP (PPP) on R&D, equivalent to 2.73 billion dollars, excluding the R&D undertaken by its military. The combined R&D spending is 0.9% of GDP (PPP), equivalent to 3.67 billion dollars.[8]
3. ^ Nominal value of the total R&D budget.[12]

References

  1. ↑ http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/Influencing_Policy/Reports/2011-03-28-Knowledge-networks-nations.pdf
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 Media | Press Releases | Battelle R&D Magazine Annual Global Funding Forecast Predicts R&D Spending Growth will Continue While Globalization Accelerates | Battelle
  3. ↑ http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/rdpcgb/qgkjjftrtjgb/201410/t20141023_628330.html
  4. ↑ 日本科技研发费用4年以来首次增加中华人民共和国商务部网站
  5. ↑ OECD Science Technology and Industry Outlook 2014
  6. ↑ [1]
  7. ↑ Turkish Statistical Institute Research And Development Activities Survey 2014
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001899/189958E.pdf
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 2012 Global R & D Funding Forecast: R & D Spending Growth Continues While Globalization Accelerates
  11. ↑ http://www.natureasia.com/en/publishing-index/pdf/NPI2012_Global.pdf#page=26
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13930215000513
  13. ↑ http://uudised.err.ee/v/majandus/d0d3341f-a415-479f-a180-c3f26630274d
  14. ↑ GDP, PPP (current international $) | Data | Table
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