Duke of Burgundy

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Dukedom of Burgundy
Crown of a Duke of France.svg
File:Arms of Eudes de Bourgogne.svg
Creation date 880
Peerage Peerage of France
First holder Richard the Justiciar
Last holder <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
Status Extinct
Extinction date <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
  • 5 January 1477 (fief)
  • 22 March 1761 (courtesy title)
Seat(s) <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>

Duke of Burgundy (French: duc de Bourgogne) was a title used by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, from its establishment in 843 to its annexation by the French crown in 1477, and later by members of the House of Habsburg, including Holy Roman emperors and kings of Spain, who claimed Burgundy proper and ruled the Burgundian Netherlands.[1]

The Duchy of Burgundy was a small portion of the traditional lands of the Burgundians west of the river Saône which, in 843, was allotted to Charles the Bald's kingdom of the West Franks. Under the Ancien Régime, the duke of Burgundy was the premier lay peer of the kingdom of France. Beginning with Robert II of France (r. 996–1031), the title was held by the Capetians, the French royal family. In 1032 King Henry I of France granted the duchy to his younger brother, Robert, who founded the House of Burgundy. When the senior line of the House of Burgundy became extinct in 1361, the title was inherited by King John II of France through proximity of blood. John granted the duchy to his younger son, Philip the Bold, in 1363. The Valois dukes gradually came to rule over a vast complex of territories known as the Burgundian State, and became dangerous rivals to the senior French royal line of the House of Valois.

When the male line of the Valois dukes of Burgundy became extinct in 1477, the Duchy of Burgundy was confiscated by Louis XI of France. The title "duke of Burgundy" passed to Habsburg monarchs after Mary of Burgundy married Maximilian I of Austria in 1477. The Habsburgs used this connection to claim Burgundy proper and to rule their Burgundian inheritance until the Napoleonic era. Since 1975, branches of the House of Bourbon have used "duke of Burgundy" as a revived courtesy title.

List of dukes of Burgundy

Bosonid dynasty (880–956)

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Main article: Bosonid dynasty

The first margrave (marchio), later duke (dux), of Burgundy was Richard of the House of Ardennes,[citation needed] whose duchy was created from the merging of several regional counties of the kingdom of Provence which had belonged to his brother Boso.

His descendants and their relatives by marriage ruled the duchy until its annexation over a century later by the French crown, their suzerain.

Robertian dynasty (956–1002)

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Main article: Robertian dynasty

House of Ivrea (1002–1004)

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Main article: Anscarids

House of Capet (1004–1032)

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Main article: House of Capet

In 1004, Burgundy was annexed by the king, of the House of Capet. Otto William continued to rule what would come to be called the Free County of Burgundy. His descendants formed another House of Ivrea.

  • Robert (1004–1016) (also king of the Franks as Robert II)
  • Henry (1016–1032) (also king of the Franks as Henry I)

House of Burgundy (1032–1361)

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Main article: House of Burgundy

Robert, son of Robert II of France, received the Duchy as a peace settlement, having disputed the succession to the throne of France with his brother Henry.

Picture Name Birth Became Duke Ruled until Death Notes Arms
Robert le Vieux.jpg Robert I the Old
(Robert Ier le Vieux)		 1011 1032 21 March 1076 Younger son of Robert II of France.
Hugh I
(Hugues Ier)		 1057 21 March 1076 1079 29 August 1093 Eldest son of Henry of Burgundy, grandson of Robert I. Abdicated in favour of his younger brother, Odo.
Odo I.jpg Odo I Borel the Red
(Eudes Ier Borel le Roux)		 1058 1079 23 March 1103 Younger brother of Hugh I.
Hugh II.jpg Hugh II
(Hugues II)		 1084 23 March 1103 1143 Son of Odo I
Odo II.jpg Odo II
(Eudes II)		 1118 1143 27 June/27 September 1162 Eldest son of Hugh II 70px
Hugh III.jpg Hugh III
(Hugues III)		 1142 27 June/27 September 1162 25 August 1192 Eldest son of Odo II 70px
Sceau de Eudes III Duc de Bourgogne.png Odo III
(Eudes III)		 1166 25 August 1192 6 July 1218 Eldest son of Hugh III 70px
Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy.jpg Hugh IV
(Hugues IV)		 9 March 1213 6 July 1218 27 October 1271 Eldest son of Odo III 70px
Robert II of Burgundy.jpg Robert II
(Robert II)		 1248 27 October 1271 21 March 1306 Eldest surviving son of Hugh IV. 70px
Hugo V.jpg Hugh V
(Hugues V)		 1282 21 March 1306 9 May 1315 Eldest son of Robert II. 70px
Eudes IV.jpg Odo IV
(Eudes IV)		 1295 9 May 1315 3 April 1350 Younger brother of Hugh V. 70px
Philip I of Burgundy.jpg Philip I of Rouvres
(Philippe Ier de Rouvres)		 1346 3 April 1350 21 November 1361 Grandson of Odo IV. 70px

House of Valois-Burgundy (1363–1482)

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Main article: House of Valois-Burgundy

John II of France, the second Valois king, successfully claimed the duchy after the death of Philip, the last Capet duke. John then passed the duchy to his youngest son Philip as an apanage.

Picture Name Birth Became Duke Ruled until Death Notes Arms
16th-century unknown painters - Philip the Bold - WGA23677.jpg Philip II the Bold
(Philippe II le Hardi)		 15 January 1342 6 September 1363 27 April 1404 Youngest son of John the Good 70px
John duke of burgundy.jpg John I the Fearless
(Jean I sans Peur)		 28 May 1371 27 April 1404 10 September 1419 Eldest son of Philip the Bold 70px
Philip the good.jpg Philip III the Good
(Philippe III le Bon)		 31 July 1396 10 September 1419 15 June 1467 Eldest son of John the Fearless 70px
Charles the Bold 1460.jpg Charles I the Bold[2]
(Charles I le Téméraire)		 21 November 1433 15 June 1467 5 January 1477 Eldest son of Philip the Good 70px
Maître de la Légende de Sainte Marie-Madeleine, Sainte Marie-Madeleine (15–16ème siècle).jpg Mary the Rich 13 February 1457 5 January 1477 27 March 1482 Only daughter of Charles the Bold 70px

Family tree

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House of Habsburg (1482–1700)

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See also: House of Habsburg

In 1477, the territory of the Duchy of Burgundy was annexed by France. In the same year, Mary married Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, giving the Habsburgs control of the remainder of the Burgundian Inheritance.

Although the territory of the Duchy of Burgundy itself remained in the hands of France, the Habsburgs remained in control of the title of Duke of Burgundy and the other parts of the Burgundian inheritance, notably the Low Countries and the Free County of Burgundy in the Holy Roman Empire as well as the County of Charolais in France. They often used the term Burgundy to refer to it (e.g. in the name of the Imperial Circle it was grouped into), until the late 18th century, when the Austrian Netherlands were lost to the French Republic. The Habsburgs also continued to claim Burgundy proper until the Treaty of Cambrai in 1529, when they surrendered their claim in exchange for French recognition of Imperial sovereignty over Flanders and Artois.

Picture Name Birth Became Duke Ruled until Death Notes Arms
80px Philip IV the Handsome
(Philippe IV le Beau)		 22 July 1478 22 February 1482 25 September 1506 Eldest son of Duchess Mary by Maximilian of Habsburg Arms of Philip IV of Burgundy.svg
Barend van Orley - Portrait of Charles V - Google Art Project.jpg Charles II 24 February 1500 25 September 1506 16 January 1556 21 September 1558 Eldest son of Philip the Handsome. Also Charles I of Aragon and Castile, and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
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House of Bourbon, claimants of the title (1682–1761)

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See also: House of Bourbon

House of Habsburg (1713–1918)

House of Bourbon, revived title (1975–present)

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Main article: House of Bourbon

See also

References

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  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Further reading

  • Calmette, Joseph. Doreen Weightman, trans. The Golden Age of Burgundy; the Magnificent Dukes and Their Courts. New York: W.W. Norton, 1962.
  • Chaumé, Maurice. Les Origines du Duché de Bourgogne. 2v. in 4 parts. Dijon: Jobard, 1925 (Darmstadt: npub, 1977).
  • Michael, Nicholas. Armies of Medieval Burgundy 1364–1477. London: Osprey, 1983. ISBN 0-85045-518-9.
  • Vaughan, Richard. Valois Burgundy. London: Allen Lane, 1975. ISBN 0-7139-0924-2.
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