List of emperors of the Trần dynasty

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The Trần dynasty (1225–1440), found by Trần clan, was an imperial dynasty of Vietnam that succeeded the Lý dynasty (1009–1225) and preceded the Hồ dynasty (1400–07). The first emperor of the dynasty was Trần Thái Tông (1218–77) and Trần Dynasty ended with the usurpation of throne from Trần Thiếu Đế (1396–?) by Hồ Quý Ly, the emperor's maternal grandfather.

Below is a complete list of emperors of the Trần dynasty, including their temple names, given names, and era names, each name is presented in Vietnamese alphabet and attached with its Hán tự (Chinese characters), posthumous names, which were usually very long and rarely used when referring to the sovereign, are presented in last column. Besides emperors, Đại Việt under Trần dynasty was often co-ruled by who already ceded his throne in name but still reigned until his decease or complete retirement.

Emperors

Temple names
(Miếu hiệu)		 Birth names
(Tên húy)		 Birth-Death Period of reigns Era names
(Niên hiệu)		 Posthumous names
(Thụy hiệu)		 Ref.
Thái Tổ
(太祖)		 Trần Thừa
(陳承)		 1184–1234 1226–1234 Khai Vận Lập Cực Hoằng Nhân Ứng Đạo Thuần Chân Chí Đức Thần Vũ Thánh Văn Thùy Dụ Chí Hiếu Hoàng Đế
(開運立極弘仁應道純真至德神武聖文垂裕至孝皇帝)
Thái Tông
(太宗)		 Trần Cảnh
(陳煚)		 1218–1277 1226–1258 Kiến Trung (建中, 1226–1232)
Thiên Ứng Chính Bình (天應政平, 1232–1251)
Nguyên Phong (元豐, 1251–1258)		 Thống thiên ngự cực long công mậu đức hiển hòa hựu thuận thần văn thánh vũ nguyên hiếu hoàng đế
(統天御極隆功茂德顯和佑順神文聖武元孝皇帝)		 [1]
Thánh Tông
(聖宗)		 Trần Hoảng
(陳晃)		 1240–1290 1258–1278 Thiệu Long (紹隆, 1258–1272)
Bảo Phù (寶符, 1273–1278)		 Huyền công thịnh đức nhân minh văn vũ tuyên hiếu hoàng đế
(玄功盛德仁明文武宣孝皇帝)		 [2]
Nhân Tông
(仁宗)		 Trần Khâm
(陳昑)		 1258–1308 1278–1293 Thiệu Bảo (紹寶, 1278–1285)
Trùng Hưng (重興, 1285–1293)		 Pháp thiên sùng đạo ứng thế hoa dân long từ hiển huệ thánh văn thần vũ nguyên minh duệ hiếu hoàng đế
(法天崇道應世化民隆慈顯惠聖文神武元明睿孝皇帝)		 [3]
Anh Tông
(英宗)		 Trần Thuyên
(陳烇)		 1276–1320 1293–1314 Hưng Long (興隆, 1293–1314) Hiển văn duệ vũ khâm minh nhân hiếu hoàng đế
(顯文睿武欽明仁孝皇帝)		 [4]
Minh Tông
(明宗)		 Trần Mạnh
(陳奣)		 1300–1357 1314–1329 Đại Khánh (大慶, 1314–1323)
Khai Thái (開泰, 1324–1329)		 Chương nghiêu văn triết hoàng đế
(章堯文哲皇帝)		 [5]
Hiến Tông
(憲宗)		 Trần Vượng
(陳旺)		 1319–1341 1329–1341 Khai Hựu (開佑, 1329–1341) [6]
Dụ Tông
(裕宗)		 Trần Hạo
(陳暭)		 1336–1369 1341–1369 Thiệu Phong (紹豐, 1341–1357)
Đại Trị (大治, 1358–1369)		 [7]
Dương Nhật Lễ
(楊日禮)		  ?–1370 1369–1370 Đại Định (大定, 1369–1370) Hôn Đức Công[A]
(昏德公)		 [8]
Nghệ Tông
(藝宗)		 Trần Phủ
(陳暊)		 1321–1394 1370–1372 Thiệu Khánh (紹慶, 1370–1372) Quang nghiêu anh triết hoàng đế
(光堯英哲皇帝)		 [9]
Duệ Tông
(睿宗)		 Trần Kính
(陳曔)		 1337–1377 1373–1377 Long Khánh (隆慶, 1373–1377) [10]
Trần Hiện
(陳晛)		 1361–1388 1377–1388 Xương Phù (昌符, 1377–1388) Phế Đế[B]
(廢帝)		 [11]
Thuận Tông[C]
(順宗)		 Trần Ngung
(陳顒)		 1378–1399 1388–1398 Quang Thái (光泰, 1388–1398) [12]
Trần An[E]
(陳𤇼)		 1396–? 1398–1400 Kiến Tân (建新, 1398–1400) Thiếu Đế[D]
(少帝)
Trần Ngỗi
(陳頠)		  ? – 1410 2/10/1407 – 1409 Hưng Khánh (興慶, 1407–1409) Giản Định Đế
Trần Quý Khoáng
(陳季擴)		  ? – 1414 17/3/1409 – 1414 Trùng Quang (重光, 1409–1414) Trùng Quang Đế
(重光帝)
Trần Cảo
(陳暠)		  ? – 1428 1426–1428 Thiên Khánh (天慶, 1426–1428) [13]
A : Before his death, Dụ Tông pass the throne to Dương Nhật Lễ ignoring the fact that Dương was not from the Trần clan. Dương Nhật Lễ was soon dethroned and killed by members of the royal family.[8]
B : Phế Đế was dethroned to Linh Đức đại vương (King of Linh Duc) by Retired Emperor (Thái thượng hoàng) Nghệ Tông after Hồ Quý Ly's advice.[14]
C : Thuận Tông was obliged to pass the throne to Thiếu Đế by Hồ Quý Ly. Afterward he was forced to commit suicide after order of Hồ Quý Ly.[15]
D : Thiếu Đế was overthrown by Hồ Quý Ly and was downgraded to Bảo Ninh đại vương (King of Bao Ninh).[16]
E : His given name (An, 𤇼) was suggested by authors of Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục, the official historical book of Nguyễn dynasty, because they could not find the exact Chinese character for this sovereign.[17]

Retired emperor

Retired emperor Period of reigns Notes Ref.
Trần Thái Tổ 1226–1234 Retired emperor only in name[A] [18]
Trần Thái Tông 1259–1277 During the reign of Trần Thánh Tông [19]
Trần Thánh Tông 1278–1290 During the reign of Trần Nhân Tông [20]
Trần Nhân Tông 1294–1308 During the reign of Trần Anh Tông [21]
Trần Anh Tông 1314–1320 During the reign of Trần Minh Tông [22]
Trần Minh Tông 1329–1357 During the reign of Trần Hiến Tông and Trần Dụ Tông [23]
Trần Nghệ Tông 1372–1394 During the reign of Trần Duệ Tông, Trần Phế Đế and Trần Thuận Tông [24]
Trần Thuận Tông[B] 1398–1399 During the reign of Trần Thiếu Đế [25]
A : Being father of Trần Thái Tông, the first emperor of Trần Dynasty, Trần Thái Tổ was honoured with the title of Retired Emperor.
B : Thuận Tông was obliged to pass the throne to Thiếu Đế and become retired emperor by Hồ Quý Ly.[15]

Chronicle

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References

Notes

  1. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 159
  2. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 175
  3. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 185
  4. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 205
  5. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 227
  6. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 240
  7. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 247
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ngô 1993, p. 260
  9. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 261
  10. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 266
  11. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 272
  12. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 280
  13. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 293
  14. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 279
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Ngô 1993, p. 292
  16. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 296
  17. ↑ National Bureau for Historical Record 1998, p. 321
  18. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 164
  19. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 183
  20. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 201
  21. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 220
  22. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 229
  23. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 253
  24. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 287
  25. ↑ Ngô 1993, p. 294

Bibliography

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External links

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retired emperor

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