List of foreign-born samurai in Japan

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search
France-born Eugène Collache in samurai attire, wearing two Japanese swords.

This is a list of foreign-born people who became samurai in Japan.

Definition

In the list, Japan means Japanese archipelago. There are various theories as to the definition of samurai. This list includes the following people.

  • Foreign-born people who was "shibun"　(ja:士分), soldiers who had the official status of samurai after the establishment of Tokugawa Shogunate.[1][2][3]
  • Before the Edo period when classification of shibun has not been established, foreign-born soldiers who was given a territory or rice as salary by lord as with shibun.
  • Foreign-born people who got official post of samurai, for example Hatamoto, Koshō(ja:小姓,[4] page), and Chabōzu(ja:茶坊主,[5] choreman of Daimyō).
  • Foreign-born soldiers who were allowed to wear pair of samurai swords (Daishō) by lord.[6]

This list excludes the following people.

  • Samurai of foreign ancestry born in Japan.
  • Foreign-born people who served samurai as other occupation, for example Confucianist and medical doctor.
  • Foreign-born people who served samurai as oyatoi gaikokujin, not Japanese style soldier.

Following people are treated as "people who could be foreign-born samurais".

  • "Forein-born samurais" whose existence is uncertain.
  • Foreign-born people who served samurai, whose occupation is unclear.
  • Foreign-born people who　were given a territory or rice as salary by lords, whose occupation is unclear.

Foreign-born samurais

Birthplace Original name Occupation before arrival in Japan Year of arrival in Japan Name in Japan Lord Occupation and achievements in Japan
Flag of Portugal.svgPortuguese Mozambique?
(now  Mozambique)[7]		 unknown Valet of Alessandro Valignano, Italian Jesuit missionary[8][8] 1579? Yasuke
弥助[9]		 Oda Nobunaga[9]→
Oda Nobutada[9]		 Retainer who have been given salary from Nobunaga.[10] Weapon bearer of Nobunaga.[11] He served in Honnō-ji incident.[9]
Coat of Arms of Joseon Korea.png Hanseong,Joseon[12]
(now  South Korea)		 Kim Yeocheol
(Kanji: 金如鉄)[13]		 Son of Imperial Scribe[13] 1592[12] Wakita Naokata
脇田直賢[12]		 Maeda Toshinaga→
Maeda Toshitsune[12]→
Maeda Mitsutaka→
Maeda Tsunanori		 Retainer who was given 1000　koku. On-Koshōgasira(Head of pages). Kanazawa machi-bugyō(Commissioner of Kanazawa city) He served in Summer Campaign of Siege of Osaka.[12]
Coat of Arms of Joseon Korea.png Gyeongju,Joseon?[14]
(now  South Korea)		 (Kanji:朴好赫　or 朴元赫)[14] Son of lord of small castle in Gyeonju[14] Posterior to 1592[14] Chōjirō
長次郎 or 長治郎→
Akizuki Nagazaemon[15]
秋月長左エ門[14]		 Chōsokabe clan[14] Page of Chōsokabe. After Chōsokabe clan had been removed from Tosa province, he became renown Korean style Tofu seller.[14]
Coat of Arms of Joseon Korea.pngJoseon[16] (Kanji:梁夢麟, Romaji:Ryō Murin)[16] Son of 梁千頃 from Joseon[16] 1597?[16] unknown Wakisaka Yasuharu[16] Chabōzu of Yasuharu.[16] In 1617, he returned to Joseon.[17]
Coat of Arms of Joseon Korea.pngJoseon[18] unknown[18] Son of 曽清官, commanding officer of Joseon[18] 1598[18] Soga Seikan
曽我清官[18]		 Nakagawa Hidenari[18] Page of Hidenari. Retainer who was given 150　koku.[18]
Bandera cruz de Borgoña 2.svgDelft,Habsburg Netherlands
(now  Netherlands)		 Jan Joosten van Loodensteyn Mate of De Liefde, Dutch ship[19] 1600[20] Yayousu
耶楊子		 Tokugawa Ieyasu→
Tokugawa Hidetada		 Hatamoto.[19][21] Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, he chartered several Red Seal Ships.
Flag of England.svgGillingham, Kent, Kingdom of England William Adams Mate of De Liefde, Dutch ship[19] 1600[20] Miura Anjin (the pilot of Miura)
三浦按針		 Tokugawa Ieyasu→
Tokugawa Hidetada		 Hatamoto.[19][22] Retainer who was given 250 koku. Interpreter and shipwright of Tokugawa Shogunate (Adams was the model for the character of John Blackthorne in James Clavell's novel Shōgun (1975)).
Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svgKingdom of Prussia? John Henry Schnell[23] Secretary of the Prussian consul Max von Brandt[23] Prior to 1866[23] Hiramatsu Buhei
平松武兵衛[24]		 Matsudaira Katamori Military instructor of Aizu Domain. He procured weapons to for Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei. He was given right to wear swords.[24]
Flag of France.svgFrench Kingdom Eugène Collache French Navy officer Prior to 1868[25] none Enomoto Takeaki He fought for Ezo Republic. He served in Battle of Miyako Bay

People who could be foreign-born samurais

Foreign-born people who were given a territory.
  • Kinkan(金宦)…Attendant of Katō Kiyomasa who was given 200 koku. Born as 良甫鑑 in Joseon, he had served Korean princes until Imjin war. Captured and fascinated by Kiyomasa, he served him in Japan.　After Kiyomasa died, he followed to the grave.[26][27]
  • Ri Motohiro(Lee Motohiro,李元宥)…Adviser of Mōri clan who was given 100　koku. Born as 李聖賢, he was son of 李福男, blood relative of the royal family of Joseon and governor of Jeolla Province. He was captured during Imjin war, then served Mōri clan as otogishū(adviser).[28]
Foreign-born people who was given a salary.
  • 朴好仁(Japanese: Paku Kōjin, or Park Kōjin)…Father of Akizuki Nagazaemon. After　he had run tofu shop with his son, he served Katō Yoshiaki, and then Fukushima Masanori. He was given salary by them. Later, he returned to Joseon.[14]
Other possible foreign-born samurais
  • Yamashina Katsunari (山科勝成)…He was born in Italy, and served Gamō Ujisato as retainer. It is said that Gamō clan sent embassy to Rome with the help of　Katsunari. But his existence is highly questioned.[29]
  • Kawasaki Seizō(川崎清蔵)…He was born as 達越 in Joseon. His courtesy name was 宗歓. He was castaway from Korean peninsula, and served Nabeshima Naoshige. During Imjin war, he was active from behind as Japanese spy. Later he became merchant, and built town in Saga now called Toujinchō.[30][31]
  • Inpuku (允福)…Son of 慎忠義, military officer　of Joseon. He was eunuch. Captured during imjin war, he won favor of Tokugawa Ieyasu. He seemed to be page of Ieyasu.[32]
  • Okada Hanzaemon(岡田半左エ門)…During imjin war,　he was brought up by Mōri Motomasa, and became close adviser of him. But later he was expelled because of fight and injury.[33]
  • unknown…Mori Shimanokami, navy officer of Hachisuka clan had retainer born in Joseon.[34]
  • Watanabe Kotonori(渡辺士式)…Born as 孟二寛 in Ming Dynasty, he served Asano clan utilizing his medical knowledge.[35] His grandson, Takebayasi Takeshige was member of Forty-seven Ronin.

Other account

"Mimibukuro", essay written in Edo period said refugee from Joseon became gatekeeper of Yagyū　clan. He sent his lord Chinese poetry lamenting his misfortune. His lord pitied him, and made him samurai. At 18th century, his descendants still served Yagyū clan.

Related pictures　

  • Gyokusenen Kanazawa Ishikawa24bs4272.jpg

    Gyokusen-en, Japanese garden made by Wakita Naokata and his descendants.

  • Sculpture of Jan Joosten in Yaesu, Tokyo. Yaesu was named after his Japanese name "Yayousu".

  • WilliamAdams.jpg

    Woodblock print of William Adams.

  • CollacheTribunal.jpg

    The trial of Eugène Collache in Edo.From 1878 "Une aventure au Japon"

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 『織田信長という歴史　『信長記』の彼方へ』、勉誠出版、2009年、311-312頁。
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,746-748頁
  15. ↑ as tofu seller
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,101頁
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,121頁
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,723-724頁
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Corr, Adams the Pilot: The Life and Times of Captain William Adams. Pp.158
  22. ↑ 『家康の家臣団: 天下を取った戦国最強軍団』、山下昌也、学研プラス、2011年
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ "Une aventure au Japon", by Eugene Collache, p.49
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,726-725頁
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,734-735頁
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,67頁
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,759頁
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,754頁
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.


This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=List_of_foreign-born_samurai_in_Japan&oldid=716685103"