List of human disease case fatality rates

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This is a list of human disease case fatality rates (CFRs). A CFR is the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die during the course of the disease (Cf. mortality rate). Data are based on optimally treated patients and exclude isolated cases or minor outbreaks, unless otherwise indicated.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Disease Treatment CFR Notes Reference(s)
Prion diseases, or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) None 100% Includes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and all its variants, Fatal familial insomnia, Kuru, and Gerstmann-Staussler-Scheinker Syndrome. [1]
Progeria None 100% Over 90% of patients die from complications of the disease (heart attack, stroke, atherosclerosis). Almost all patients do not achieve 13 years old. Extremely rare disease, about 140 cases reported in the literature.
African trypanosomiasis Untreated ~ 100% [2]
Plague — specifically the septicemic or pneumonic type Untreated ~ 100% [3]
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, Naegleria fowleri None ~ 100% [1]
Rabies Untreated / Vaccine exists ~ 100% Preventable with vaccines but, once the symptoms manifest, the CFR is near 100%. [4]
Visceral leishmaniasis Untreated ~ 100% [5]
Glanders, septicemic Untreated 95% [6]
Smallpox Variola major — specifically the malignant (flat) or hemorrhagic type Untreated ~ 95% The rate drops significantly to 10% with effective treatments. [7]:28[8]
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, Balamuthia mandrillaris & Acanthamoeba None ≥ 90% [9]
Ebola virus disease — specifically EBOV "strain" (formerly Zaire Ebola virus) ~ 83%, up to 90%
 The CFR may be considerably lower with supportive care adopted in the 2013-15 West African epidemic. [10][11]
AIDS/HIV infection Untreated 80–90% Data are counted during the first 5 years of infection in developed countries. HIV is not actually mortal but patients are usually killed by respiratory diseases, such as flu or pneumonia because of immunodeficiency caused by HIV virus. [12]:1
Anthrax, specifically the pulmonary form Untreated > 85% Early treatments lower the CFR to 45% as seen in the 2001 AMERITHRAX letter attacks. [7]:88
Lujo virus disease 80%
Aspergillosis, invasive pulmonary form 50–90% [13]
Herpes B virus disease ≤ 70%
Smallpox, Variola major — in pregnant women > 65% [7]:88
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ~ 60% [14]
Bubonic plague, untreated Untreated ≤ 60% [7]:57
Tularemia pneumonia, untreated Untreated ≤ 60% [7]:78
Ebola virus disease, Sudan variant (SUDV) ~ 54%
Anthrax, gastorintestinal, intestinal type > 50% [7]:27
Ebola virus disease (for all types of ebolavirus outbreaks combined) 25–90% (50% on average) [10][11]
Marburg virus disease - all outbreaks combined 23%-90% 23% in 1967 when it was first identified and 90% in 2004-2005 when the worst outbreak of the disease occurred. [15][16]
Glanders, septicemic 50% [6]
Plague, pneumonic 50% [7]:58
Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome ~ 45%
Tuberculosis, untreated pulmonary, HIV-negative 43% [17]
Reye's Syndrome > 40% [18]
Plague, septicemic 30–50% [7]:58
Tularemia, typhoidal, untreated Untreated ~ 35% [7]:77
Yellow fever 7.5% [19]
Eastern equine encephalitis virus ~ 33% [20]
Anthrax, gastrointestinal, oropharyngeal type 10–50% [7]:27
Ebola virus disease, Bundibugyo variant (BDBV) ~ 32%
Smallpox, Variola major — unvaccinated Unvaccinated 30% [7]:88
Varicella (chickenpox), newborns, untreated Untreated ~ 30% Where the mothers develop the disease between 5 days prior to, or 2 days after, delivery. [12]:110
Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Untreated 26% Dengue haemorrhagic fever is also known as severe dengue.[21] [22]
Leptospirosis < 5–30% [12]:352
Legionellosis ~ 15% [12]:665
Meningococcal disease 10–20%
Typhoid fever, untreated Untreated 10–20% [12]:665
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 11% [23]
Intestinal capillariasis, untreated Untreated ~ 10% [24]
Visceral leishmaniasis ~ 10% [25]
Botulism < 10% [26]
Diphtheria, respiratory ~ 5–10% [27]
Bubonic plague < 5% [7]:57
Tularemia, typhoidal ~ 3–5% [7]:77
Pertussis (whooping cough), infants, unvaccinated, in developing countries Unvaccinated ~ 3.7% [12]:456
Dengue fever (DF) Untreated 1–5% [22]
Smallpox, Variola major — vaccinated Vaccinated 3% [7]:88
Spanish (1918) flu > 2.5% [28]
Measles (rubeola), in developing countries ~ 1–3% May reach 10–30% in some localities. [12]:431
Brucellosis, untreated Untreated ≤ 2% [12]:87
Hepatitis A, adults > 50 years old ~ 1.8% [12]:278
Lassa Fever ~ 1% 15% in hospitalized patients; higher in some epidemics. [12]:334
Mumps encephalitis ~ 1% [12]:431
Pertussis (whooping cough), children, unvaccinated, in developing countries Unvaccinated ~ 1% For children 1–4 years old. [12]:456
Smallpox, Variola minor — unvaccinated Unvaccinated 1% [7]:87–88
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) < 1% [7]:97–98
Anthrax, cutaneous < 1% [7]:27
Typhoid fever < 1% [12]:665
Malaria ~ 0.3% [29]
Hepatitis A 0.1–0.3% [12]:278
Asian (1956–58) flu ~ 0.1% [30]
Hong Kong (1968–69) flu ~ 0.1% [30]
Influenza A, typical pandemics < 0.1% [28]
Varicella (chickenpox), adults 0.02% This is 1:5,000. [12]:110
Hand, foot and mouth disease, children < 5 years old 0.01% This is 1:10,000. [31]
Varicella (chickenpox), children 0.001% This is 1:100,000. [12]:110

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Herriman, Robert, “My List of the Five Deadliest Communicable Diseases”; Examiner.com; 7 May 2010.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ World Health Organization, (2013) "Health Topics: Leishmaniasis."
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 New Jersey Department of Agriculture (2003), Glanders: Infections in Humans
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ han, Naveed Ahmed, "Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis: Clinical Diagnosis and Management," American Journal of Infectious Diseases 1 (2): 79-83, 2005
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ M. Kousha, R. Tadi and A.O. Soubani, Pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical review, European Respiratory Review, September 1, 2011, vol. 20, no. 121, 156-174.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Tiemersma EW, van der Werf MJ, Borgdorff MW, Williams BG, Nagelkerke NJD. Natural history of tuberculosis: duration and fatality of untreated pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV negative patients: a systematic review. PLoS One 2011; 6: e17601. (20 March 2012) [1]
  18. ↑ Lisa A. Degnan, PharmD, BCPS, USPharmacist.com, (20 March 2012) "Reye’s Syndrome: A Rare But Serious Pediatric Condition."
  19. ↑ http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/
  20. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (16 August 2010) "Eastern Equine Encephalitis."
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ World Health Organization (2003) Consensus document on the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response, WHO; pg 10.
  24. ↑ David Bernstein, M.D., "Intestinal Parasite Infections From Roundworms -- Description, Diagnosis, Treatment."
  25. ↑ World Health Organization, (2013) "Initiative for Vaccine Research (IVR): Parasitic Diseases - Leishmaniasis."
  26. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1998), Botulism in the United States 1899-1996: Handbook for Epidemiologists, Clinicians, and Laboratory Workers, Atlanta, Georgia. Foodborne botulism during the 1950s had a CFR of approximately 25%.
  27. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (7 February 2011) "Diphtheria."
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Wang, X, et al (2014), "Estimating the number of hand, foot and mouth disease amongst children aged under-five in Beijing during 2012, based on a telephone survey of healthcare seeking behavior", BMC Infect Dis, Aug 12;14:437. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-437.
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