List of individuals responsible for Treblinka extermination camp

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The Treblinka extermination camp was run by the SS, a Nazi paramilitary organization, with the help of Eastern European Trawnikis (Hiwis), who were collaborationist auxiliary police recruited directly from Soviet POW camps. The Trawnikis served at all the major extermination camps, including Treblinka.[1][2] Treblinka was part of Operation Reinhard, the systematic extermination of the three million Jews living in the General Government of German-occupied Poland. It is believed that between somewhere between 800,000[3][4][5] and 1,200,000 people[6][7] died in its gas chambers, almost all of whom were Jews. More people died at Treblinka than at any other Nazi extermination camp besides Auschwitz.[8]

The camp consisted of two separate units: Treblinka I and the Treblinka II extermination camp (Vernichtungslager). The first was a forced-labour camp (Arbeitslager) whose prisoners worked in the gravel pit or irrigation area and in the forest, where they cut wood to fuel the crematoria. Between 1941 and 1944, more than half of its 20,000 inmates died from summary executions, hunger, disease and mistreatment.[9][10]

Meanwhile, the first official German trial for war crimes committed at Treblinka was also held in 1964, with the former camp personnel first brought to justice at that time, some twenty years after the end of the war.

List of individuals responsible

Name Rank Function and Notes Citation
Nazi leadership      
  Heinrich Himmler Reichsführer main architect of the Holocaust [11]
  Odilo Globocnik SS-Hauptsturmführer and SS-Polizeiführer at the time (Captain and SS Police Chief) head of Operation Reinhard [12][13]
  Hermann Höfle SS-Hauptsturmführer (Captain) coordinator of Operation Reinhard [14]
  Christian Wirth SS-Hauptsturmführer at the time (Captain) inspector for Operation Reinhard [15]
  Richard Thomalla SS-Obersturmführer at the time (First Lieutenant) head of death camp construction during Operation Reinhard [12][15]
  Erwin Lambert SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) head of gas chamber construction during Operation Reinhard (large gas chambers) [16][17]
Treblinka commandants      
 Theodor van Eupen SS-Sturmbannführer (Major), Commandant of Treblinka I Arbeitslager, 15 November 1941 – July 1944 (cleanup) head of the forced-labour camp [18]
  Irmfried Eberl SS-Obersturmführer (First Lieutenant), Commandant of Treblinka II, 11 July 1942 – 26 August 1942 transferred to Berlin due to incompetence [12]
  Franz Stangl SS-Obersturmführer (First Lieutenant), 2nd Commandant of Treblinka II, 1 September 1942 – August 1943 transferred to Treblinka from Sobibor extermination camp [12]
  Kurt Franz SS-Untersturmführer (Second Lieutenant), last Commandant of Treblinka II, August (gassing) – November 1943 promoted from deputy commandant in August 1943 following camp prisoner revolt [12][16]
Deputy commandants      
  Karl Pötzinger SS-Oberscharführer (Staff Sergeant), Deputy commandant of Treblinka II head of cremation [19]
  Heinrich Matthes SS-Scharführer (Sergeant), Deputy commandant chief of the extermination area [16][20][21]
Staff      
  Fritz Schmidt SS-Sturmbannführer (Major) gas chambers [20]
  Lorenz Hackenholt SS-Hauptscharführer (Master Sergeant) gas chambers, gas pipes [22][23]
  Kurt Küttner SS-Oberscharführer (Staff Sergeant) lower camp of Treblinka II [16][24]
  Willy Mätzig SS-Oberscharführer (Staff Sergeant) unloading ramp [25]
  Herbert Floss SS-Scharführer (Sergeant) cremation pyres [19]
  Erich Fuchs SS-Scharführer (Sergeant) generator, gassing engine [25][26]
  Josef Hirtreiter SS-Scharführer (Sergeant) unloading ramp terror [12][16]
  Karl Emil Ludwig SS-Scharführer (Sergeant) head of the Waldkommando forest brigade [27]
 Gustav Münzberger SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) gas chambers [16]
  Max Biala SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) stabbed to death by inmate Meir Berliner on 11 September 1942 at roll call selection [28]
  Paul Bredow SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) head of Kommando Rot [12]
  Hans Hingst SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) gas chambers [29][30]
  Otto Horn SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) corpse detail [16]
  Willi Mentz SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) Lazaret killing station [12][16][20]
  August Miete SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) Lazaret [19][16]
  Max Möller SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) Lazaret [12]
  Willi Post SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) Head of Ukrainian Guard, Volksdeutsche SS squad leader [18]
  Albert Franz Rum SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) gas chambers [16]
  Karl Schiffer SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) command of Ukrainian guard unit of 12 Trawnikis overseeing farmhouse construction [31]
  Ernst Stengelin SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) killed in attack on 14 October 1943 [27]
  Franz Suchomel SS-Unterscharführer (Corporal) Goldjuden supervisor [32][16]
  Otto Stadie SS-Stabsscharführer (Staff Squad Leader) camp administration [32][16]
  Ivan Marchenko Wachmänner (Guard), presumed Ukrainian gas chambers [33][34]
  Feodor Fedorenko Wachmänner (Guard) gas chambers [35]

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Further information: Trawnikis and other Volksdeutsche, former Soviet prisoners of war (90 to 120)[36]

Citations

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Arad 1987, p. 37.
  3. ↑ Kopówka, Edward et al. 2010.
  4. ↑ Snyder 2012, note 53.
  5. ↑ Niewyk & Nicosia 2000, p. 210.
  6. ↑ Donat 1979, p. 14.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Cywiński 2013, Treblinka.
  11. ↑ Rees 2005, BBC.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Blatt 2000, pp. 3, 92.
  14. ↑ Blatt 2000, p. 10.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Blatt 2000, p. 14.
  16. ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 S.J., H.E.A.R.T 2007, Trials.
  17. ↑ Blatt 2000, p. 19.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Webb & Lisciotto 2007.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Arad 1987, p. 121.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Arad 1987, p. 191.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Klee 1988, p. 246.
  26. ↑ Arad 1987, p. 43.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Friedländer 2009, p. 432.
  30. ↑ Arad 1987, p. 87.
  31. ↑ Arad 1987, p. 371.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

References

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