List of plantations in West Virginia

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Harewood (1770) was designed by John Ariss and built by George Washington's brother Samuel Washington in Jefferson County.
Blakeley (1820) in Jefferson County was built by George Washington's great-nephew, John Augustine Washington II.
Shepherd Hall (1798) in Ohio County is one of the earliest plantations established in the Ohio River valley.
Willow Wall (1811–1812) in Hardy County was used as a hospital by McNeill's Rangers for wounded irregulars.

Plantations that operated within the present-day boundaries of West Virginia were located in the counties of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians and in the Kanawha and Ohio River valley regions. Beginning in the mid-to-late 18th century, members of the Washington family and other prominent Virginia families began to build elegant Georgian mansions on their plantations in the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians region of present-day West Virginia.[1] Plantations initially developed in the counties lying within the Northern Neck Proprietary of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron within the Shenandoah Valley and South Branch Potomac River valleys.[2] Slavery as practiced through plantations in the American South was carried over from the plantations of the Piedmont and Tidewater regions of Virginia, where plantations had become the foundation of society and industry.[2] Following the French and Indian War, settlement and agricultural development continued unabated in the Shenandoah and South Branch Potomac valleys.[3] Early instances of western Virginia plantations with grand homes include the John Ariss-designed Harewood (1774) for George Washington's brother Samuel Washington and Happy Retreat (1780) built by Washington's younger brother Charles Washington, both of which are located near Charles Town in present-day Jefferson County.[4][5][6] In Hampshire County, Nicholas Casey constructed a Georgian mansion (1774) at his Wappocomo plantation, one of the first plantation houses of its kind in the South Branch Potomac River valley.[7]

Plantations continued to develop along the fringes of present-day West Virginia. By the close of the 18th century, Harman Blennerhassett had constructed a mansion on his plantation on Blennerhassett Island and Moses Shepherd had built Shepherd Hall near Wheeling, both in the Ohio River valley.[4] Despite the agricultural development of then western Virginia's bottomlands and the resulting wealth of the plantation owners, the hinterlands of the Allegheny Mountains and Allegheny Plateau regions remained underpopulated and inhabited by subsistence farmers of meager means into the middle of the 19th century.[4] By the 1860 United States Census, Berkeley, Greenbrier, Hampshire, Hardy, Jefferson, Kanawha, and Monroe counties consequently had the largest populations of slaves in present-day West Virginia.[8]

The economic and political differences between western and eastern Virginia began to grow. Following Virginia's secession from the Union in 1861, the Restored Government of Virginia was established at Wheeling during the American Civil War.[9] Despite West Virginia receiving Union statehood on June 20, 1863, sympathies and loyalties within the state's borders remained divided, especially within areas economically dependent upon the plantation system.[9] However, slaveowners in western Virginia tended to own fewer slaves than their counterparts in eastern Virginia and many did not support Virginia's secession.[10] In Mason County, where small farms were reliant upon slavery, its residents overwhelmingly supported the Union cause.[9] During the war, many plantations in West Virginia served as preferred venues for military headquarters and meeting places for both Union and Confederate military officers due to their adequate accommodations and resources. Altona near Charles Town was utilized as a military headquarters and meeting place for Union generals Philip Sheridan and Ulysses S. Grant, with Sheridan making use of the farm's horses and carriage.[11] Other plantations, like Mill Island and Willow Wall near Moorefield, and Elmwood near Shepherdstown, were utilized as hospitals for wounded soldiers and irregulars.[12][13][14]

In anticipation of the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, the West Virginia Legislature at Wheeling passed an act abolishing slavery in West Virginia on February 3, 1865, thus ending the institution of the plantation in West Virginia.[15] Since the 1960s, many of West Virginia's plantation houses have acquired places on the National Register of Historic Places, the United States government's official list of sites, buildings, and structures deemed worthy of preservation. The house at Traveller's Rest, near Kearneysville, is West Virginia's sole plantation house designated as a National Historic Landmark for its national-level historical significance. As of 2015, the majority of West Virginia's plantation houses remain under private ownership.

Key

Color and symbol Historic register listing
* National Historic Landmark
National Register of Historic Places
United States Historic District
Not listed on a register.

Plantations

NRHP reference number[16] Name Image Date designated[16] Locality[16] County[16]
03000346† Christian Allemong House[17] May 2, 2003 Summit Point
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Jefferson
95001322† Altona[11] Altona November 24, 1995 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
80004024† Aspen Hill[18] March 13, 1980 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
07000241† Barleywood[3] May 24, 2007 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
73001914† Beall-Air[19] Beall-Air August 17, 1973 Halltown
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
84003588† Belvedere[20] January 12, 1984 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
87000486† Beverley[21] Beverley March 20, 1987 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
82004319† Blakeley[22] Blakeley April 15, 1982 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
72001294‡ Blennerhassett Island[23] Blennerhassett Island September 7, 1972 Blennerhassett Island
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Wood
99001397‡ Boidstones Place[24] November 22, 1999 Shepherdstown
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
82004321† The Bower[25] The Bower April 15, 1982 Leetown
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
The Burg[26] The Burg Mechanicsburg
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Hampshire
74002004† Cedar Lawn[27] Cedar Lawn December 4, 1974 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
73001908† Claymont Court[28] Claymont Court July 25, 1973 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
73001917† Cold Spring[29] Cold Spring August 14, 1973 Shepherdstown
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
07000239† Cool Spring[30] Cool Spring March 27, 2007 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
94001292† Cool Spring[31] November 21, 1994 Gerrardstown
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Berkeley
80004431† Edgewood[32] December 10, 1980 Bunker Hill
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Berkeley
73001918† Elmwood[14] Elmwood August 17, 1973 Shepherdstown
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
73001918‡ Fort Hill[33] Fort Hill January 9, 1997 Burlington
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Mineral
78002791† Green Bottom[34] Green Bottom May 22, 1978 Lesage
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Cabell
88002956‡ Samuel Gwinn Plantation[35] March 8, 1989 Lowell
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Summers
73001912† Happy Retreat[5] Happy Retreat July 2, 1973 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
73001909† Harewood[6] Harewood March 14, 1973 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
76001938† Hazelfield[36] Hazelfield December 12, 1976 Shenandoah Junction
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
86000811‡ Henderson Hall[37] Henderson Hall April 17, 1986 Williamstown
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Wood
11000556† Hickory Grove[38][39] August 18, 2011 Romney
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Hampshire
85003521† Hillside[40] December 12, 1985 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
74002007† Holly Grove[41] Holly Grove August 28, 1974 Charleston
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Kanawha
94000214† Hopewell[42] March 25, 1994 Millville
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
84003476† Lick Run Plantation[43] Lick Run Plantation January 12, 1984 Bedington
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Berkeley
84003623† Longmeadow/The Holmwood[44] Longmeadow/The Holmwood August 23, 1984 Southside
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Mason
91000452‡ Lynnside Manor[45] Lynnside Manor April 26, 1991 Sweet Springs
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Monroe
80004408‡ Maidstone Manor[46] December 10, 1980 Hedgesville
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Berkeley
04000311† Maidstone-on-the-Potomac[47] Maidstone-on-the-Potomac April 15, 2004 Falling Waters
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Berkeley
75001886† The Manor[48] December 18, 1975 Petersburg
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Grant
93000616† Media[49] November 10, 1994 Shenandoah Junction
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
73001904† Mill Island[12] July 2, 1973 Moorefield
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Hardy
75001888† Montescena[50] November 12, 1975 Lewisburg
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Greenbrier
73001916† Prato Rio[51] Prato Rio April 11, 1973 Leetown
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
73001911† Richwood Hall[52] Richwood Hall June 19, 1973 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
01001328‡ Ridgedale[53][54] November 29, 2001 Springfield
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Hampshire
82004320† Rion Hall[55] Rion Hall September 20, 1982 Halltown
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
89002316‡ Rockland[56] February 5, 1990 Shepherdstown
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
84003500† Rural Hill[57] Rural Hill January 12, 1984 Hedgesville
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Berkeley
78002791† Shepherd Hall[58] Shepherd Hall December 18, 1970 Wheeling
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Ohio
95000418† Snow Hill[59] April 14, 1995 Leetown
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
80004021† Sycamore Dale[60][61] December 2, 1980 Romney
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Hampshire
72001288* Traveller's Rest[62] Traveller's Rest November 15, 1972 Kearneysville
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
12001050† Valley View[63][64] Valley View December 12, 2012 Romney
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Hampshire
84003594† Vinton[65] January 12, 1984 Charles Town
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
77001378† Walnut Grove[66] August 22, 1977 Union
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Monroe
Wappocomo[7] Wappocomo Romney
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Hampshire
73001906† Willow Wall[13] Willow Wall July 2, 1973 Old Fields
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Hardy
93001358† Willowbrook[67] December 2, 1993 Union
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Monroe
00000254† Woodlawn[68] March 24, 2000 Kearneysville
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson
06000654† York Hill[69] York Hill July 26, 2006 Shenandoah Junction
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Jefferson

See also

References

  1. Chambers 2004, pp. 20–21.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Ambler 1910, p. 8.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Chambers 2004, p. 21.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Brannon 1976, pp. 313–316.
  8. Kennedy 1864, pp. 516–518.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Chambers 2004, pp. 26–27.
  10. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. 12.0 12.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. 13.0 13.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. 14.0 14.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  16. 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  24. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. Brannon 1976, pp. 406–408.
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  38. Brannon 1976, pp. 296–300.
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  40. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  52. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. Brannon 1976, pp. 323–324.
  55. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  58. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  59. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  60. Brannon 1976, pp. 300–302.
  61. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  62. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  63. Brannon 1976, pp. 309–312.
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Bibliography

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External links