List of political self-immolations

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The self-immolation of Thích Quảng Đức, photographed by Malcolm Browne, was done in protest against religious persecution.

This is a list of notable people who died of suicide by setting themselves on fire for political reasons. Non-political self-immolations are not included in the list.

List

Before 1900

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
396 Fayu 45 Later Qin (today  China) – Earliest recorded Chinese self-immolation.[citation needed]
577 Five unnamed Buddhist monks – Northern Zhou (today  China) Persecution of Buddhism by Emperor Wu[citation needed]

1940s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
1948 Kuo-shun –  China Persecution of Buddhists and destruction of sacred objects by the government of Mao Zedong Buddhist monk from Vietnam.[1] In the city of Harbin, he sat in the lotus position on a pile of sawdust and soybean oil and self-immolated.[2][3]

1950s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
December 8, 1959 Poh Kwong –  Thailand Loss of money intended to build a new hospital, was possibly swindled through government corruption Buddhist monk from China. In the city of Bangkok, he sat on a five-foot pyre and attempted to self-immolate before being stopped by police.[1][4]

1960s

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
June 11, 1963 Thích Quảng Đức 66  South Vietnam Persecution of Buddhists by the government of Ngô Đình Diệm Led to several other monks and nuns committing the same act before Diệm was toppled. The photo, photographed by Malcolm Browne, became well-associated with his political protest.
August 4, 1963 Thích Nguyen Huong 20s Buddhist monk. Self-immolated in the town center of Phan Thiết. Government soldiers removed his body before other monks could recover it.[5]
August 13, 1963 Thích Thanh Tucd 17 Buddhist novice monk.[5]
August 15, 1963 Diet Quảng – Buddhist nun. Self-immolated in the courtyard of Từ Đàm Pagoda in Huế.[5]
August 16, 1963 Thích Tieu 71 Buddhist monk. He soaked his robes in gasoline and self-immolated in the courtyard of Từ Đàm Pagoda in Huế. Before, he announced over the loudspeaker that he was going to commit suicide in demand for Buddhist rights. After his death (the third self-immolation in one week), the government declared martial law, sparking more Buddhist protests.[5]
October 27, 1963 Ho Dan Van 35–45 Buddhist monk. Dressed in civilian clothing, he was dropped off by a motorcyclist in front of a Catholic cathedral in Saigon, where he squatted in a lotus-fashion, poured gasoline in his lap and struck a match.[6]
January 25, 1964 Kizappazuvur Chinnasamy 27  India Imposition of Hindi over the Tamil language Inspired 5 other self-immolations.[5][7]
1965 Keeranoor Muthu 21 Hotel worker[5]
January 26, 1965 Kodambakkam Sivalingam 21 Madras city government employee[5]
January 27, 1965 Virugambakkam Aranganathan 33 Worked in Madras for the Telephone Department.[5]
February 11, 1965 Ayampalayam Veerappan 26 School headmaster[5]
February 1965 Satyamangalam Muthu 21 Farmer[5]
March 1965 Mayavaram Sarangapani 20 Student[5]
March 16, 1965 Alice Herz 82  United States Vietnam War Women Strike for Peace member. Self-immolated on a street corner in Detroit, Michigan.[5]
July 23, 1965 Huh Jik 62  South Korea Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea Worked for a minor political party. Self-immolated on the steps of the Seoul Capitol.[5]
October 12, 1965 Hiroko Hayasaki 36  United States Vietnam War Japanese American Buddhist. Self-immolated in San Diego, California.[5]
November 2, 1965 Norman Morrison 31 Quaker from Baltimore.[5] Committed act below Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara's Pentagon office in front of his one-year-old daughter.[8]
November 9, 1965 Roger Allen LaPorte 22 Catholic Worker. Self-immolated in front of the Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City.[9]
November 9, 1965 Celene Jankowski 24 Mother whose three-month-old baby girl died in October 1965. Her brother had also died in the Korean War. Self-immolated in front of her home in South Bend, Indiana.[5] Survived.
May 28, 1966 Thích Nữ Thanh Quảng 55  South Vietnam Government of Nguyễn Cao Kỳ and United States support of the regime (Buddhist Uprising) Buddhist nun.[5][10]
May 28, 1966 Ho Thi Thieu 58 Buddhist laywoman. Self-immolated in pagoda in Saigon. Thousands were present, and monks covered her body with a Buddhist flag.[5][10]
May 28, 1966 Thích Nữ Vinh Ngoc 19 Buddhist nun. Self-immolated in Huế.[5][11]
May 29, 1966 Name missing – Buddhist monk self-immolated in Da Lat.[10]
May 31, 1966 Nguyen Thi Van 17 Buddhist laywoman. Self-immolated outside a pagoda in Huế.[5][11]
May 31, 1966 Name missing – Buddhist[11]
May 31, 1966 Name missing – Buddhist[11]
June 4, 1966 Thích Nữ Dien Dinh 26 Buddhist nun. Self-immolated in the courtyard of a small pagoda in Da Nang.[5][11]
June 4, 1966 Thích Nữ Bao Luan 24 Buddhist nun. Self-immolated in the same location as Thích Du Dien Dinh in Da Nang.[5][11]
June 4, 1966 Thích Dieu Nữ Tri – Buddhist nun. Self-immolated in the same location as Thích Du Dien Dinh in Da Nang.[5][11]
June 4, 1966 Name missing – Novice Buddhist monk. Self-immolated in Quảng Trị[11]
June 17, 1966 Woman; name missing – [5]
July 12, 1966 Liangqing 70  China Destruction of the Famen Temple Buddhist monk[12]
May 16, 1967 Nhất Chi Mai 34  South Vietnam Vietnam War Buddhist nun[5][13]
October 3, 1967 Thích Nữ Tri – 1967 South Vietnamese presidential election Buddhist nun[5][14]
October 8, 1967 Woman; name missing –
October 15, 1967 Florence Beaumont 55  United States Vietnam War [15]
October 22, 1967 Thích Nữ Hue –  South Vietnam 1967 South Vietnamese presidential election Buddhist nun[5][14]
November 1, 1967 Thích Nữ Thuong –
November 12, 1967 Yui Chunoshin (eo) 73  Japan Vietnam War Esperantist[16][17][18]
December 4, 1967 Erik Thoen 27  United States Zen Buddhist. Self-immolated in Sunnyvale, California.[5]
March 19, 1968 Ronald Brazee 16 Student. Died 5 weeks later.[19]
September 8, 1968 Ryszard Siwiec 59  Poland Poland's participation in Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia Died 4 days later.[20]
November 5, 1968 Vasyl Makukh 40  Soviet Union Soviet rule in Ukraine Self-immolated on Khreshchatyk, Kyiv's main street, while shouting "Colonialism out of Ukraine!" and "Long live a free Ukraine!"[21]
January 16, 1969 Jan Palach 20  Czechoslovakia Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia Student. Inspired other self-immolations in Soviet satellite states.[citation needed]
January 20, 1969 Sándor Bauer 17  Hungary Communist rule in Hungary and Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia Died 3 Days later[5][22]
January 20, 1969 Josef Hlavatý 25  Czechoslovakia Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia Blue-collar worker. Self-immolated in Plzeň. Died 5 days later.[5][23]
January 22, 1969 Miroslav Malinka – Blue-collar worker. Referenced Jan Palach. Self-immolated in Brno.[5][23]
January 26, 1969 Jan Bereš 16 Apprentice. Referenced Jan Palach. Self-immolated in Cheb.[23]
February 10, 1969 Mykola Bereslavsky 45  Soviet Union Soviet rule in Ukraine [5]
February 25, 1969 Jan Zajíc 19  Czechoslovakia Communist rule in Czechoslovakia Student[citation needed]
April 2, 1969 Evžen Plocek 39 Businessman[citation needed]
April 9, 1969 Eliyahu Rips 20  Soviet Union Survived. Later became professor of mathematics.[citation needed]
May 30, 1969 Bruce Mayrock 20  United States Genocide against Biafra in the Nigerian Civil War Columbia University student. Died several hours later.[24]

1970s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
February 13, 1970 Márton Moyses 28  Romania Communist rule in Romania [5]
May 6, 1970 Robert Rex Vice 27  United States Vietnam War and Kent State Shootings Non-student protester at Wabash College demonstration.[25] Died later in hospital. [1][2]
May 10, 1970 George Winne Jr. 23  United States Vietnam War Student at the University of California, San Diego. Died the following day.[26]
June 4, 1970 Thích Nữ Lien Tap 24  South Vietnam Buddhist nun[5][14]
September 19, 1970 Kostas Georgakis 22  Greece Military rule in Greece Student at the University of Genoa[citation needed]
September 19, 1970 Joseba Elosegi 54  Spain Bombing of Guernica in 1937. Independence of the Basque Country. Survived[5]
November 13, 1970 Jeon Tae-il 22  South Korea Labor conditions and the government's opposition to reform [5]
May 1971 Nguyen Thi Co –  South Vietnam Vietnam War Buddhist nun[5][14]
Thích Nữ Tinh Nhuan –
August 16, 1971 Man; name missing – Vietnam War veteran[5]
Nguyen Minh Dang 37 Vietnam War veteran[5]
October 1971 Thích Nữ Tinh Cuong – Buddhist nun[5][14]
1972 Thích Nữ Dien Han – Buddhist nun[5][14]
May 14, 1972 Romas Kalanta 19  Soviet Union Communist rule in Lithuania Inspired largest post-war riots in occupied Lithuania and the USSR and 13 other self-immolations
May 29, 1972 V. Stonys 24 Self-immolated in Varėna.[5]
June 6, 1972 Huguette Gaulin 28  Canada [27]
1974 Thích Nữ Du Dieu –  South Vietnam Vietnam War Buddhist nun[5][14]
August 10, 1976 Antanas Kalinauskas 19  Soviet Union Communist rule in Lithuania In Soviet Army barracks in Gulbene, Latvia. Died the following day.
August 22, 1976 Oskar Brüsewitz 47  East Germany Communist repression of religion in East Germany Lutheran pastor[28]
February 10, 1977 Alain Escoffier 27  France Communism Member of the Party of New Forces, a neo-fascist political party.[citation needed]
November 16, 1977 Hartmut Gründler 37  West Germany Atomic policy[citation needed]
January 21, 1978 Oleksa Hirnyk 65  Soviet Union Communist rule in Ukraine[citation needed]
February 8, 1978 Erika Ruppert 24  West Germany Political protest Ruppert and Helmut Kleinknecht wrote a letter a day before their act in which they explained the reasoning behind their decision, and their affiliation with Ananda Marga. The next morning, she and Kleinknecht doused themselves with gasoline and self-immolated at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin.[29][30]
February 8, 1978 Helmut Kleinknecht 28  West Germany Political protest Self-immolated along with Erika Ruppert at the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin.[29][30]
June 14, 1978 Elizabeth Weniger 25  Philippines Political protest Swiss-born Elizabeth Weniger self-immolated at Rizal Park in Manila after distributing leaflets explaining her reasons.[31][32][33]
June 23, 1978 Musa Mamut 46  Soviet Union Discrimination against Crimean Tatars in the Soviet residence permit system, which prohibited nearly all Crimean Tatars who were deported in 1944 from returning to their place of birth Mamut was born and raised Crimea until the NKVD deported all Crimean Tatars to Central Asia in May 1944. He returned to Crimea in 1975 and was later arrested and charged for not having a residence permit to live there, despite being born in the peninsula; the residence permit system was designed to prevent exiled Crimean Tatars from returning to their homeland. Then police came to arrest him on 23 June 1978 Mamut self-immolated rather than being deported again and died 5 days later.[34]
October 3, 1978 Lynette Phillips 24   Switzerland Social protest Lynette Phillips had previously planned to self-immolate outside the British Houses of Parliament in London, but upon receiving word of this, British authorities deported her. She changed her plan and decided to self-immolate outside the United Nations headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. She protested against "inhumanity, injustice and irrationality prevalent in our society". She died at the scene.[35]

1980s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
March 21, 1980 Walenty Badylak 76  Poland Katyn massacre Home Army veteran self-immolated chained to a well in the Main Square, Kraków.[36][37]
March 21, 1981 Per-Axel Arosenius 60  Sweden Taxes[citation needed]
May 18, 1982 Mahmut Zengin Ferhat Kurtay

Eşref Anyık

Necmi Öner

  Turkey Detention conditions in Prison The four were members of the Kurdistan Workers' Party protesting the detention conditions in the Diyarbakır prison after the coup d'état in 1980.[38]
May 26, 1982 Semra Ertan 25  West Germany Racism towards Turkish workers in Germany Writer and poet.[39]
August 10, 1982 Artin Penik 61  Turkey ASALA attack at Esenboğa International Airport[citation needed]
November 2, 1983 Sebastián Acevedo 52  Chile Kidnapping of his children by the Chilean police during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet [40]
February 2, 1985 Mehmet Karahüseyinov 40  Bulgaria Treatment of Turks in Bulgaria Self-immolated after Bulgarian government tried to change his name. Survived heavily wounded, died 5 years later.[41]
February 14, 1986 Orland Payne McCafferty 58  United States Ronald Reagan's policies
March 2, 1989 Liviu Cornel Babeş 47  Romania Communist rule in Romania Self-immolated on ski slope. Died 2 hours later.[42]
March 2, 1989 Vytautas Vičiulis 37  Soviet Union Communist rule in Lithuania[citation needed]
March 24, 1989 Kailash Pawar  India To draw attention to plight of Bhopal gas victims and protest public indifference Original story published in The Hindu, March 26, 1990.[43]
April 7, 1989 Cheng Nan-jung 41  Taiwan For freedom of speech and Taiwan independence
May 19, 1989 Chan I-hua 32 During funeral procession of Cheng Nan-jung.[44]
October 24, 1989 Shavkat Yarullin 40  Soviet Union In protest of exile and mistreatment of Crimean Tatars by the government Self-immolated in front of a government building. Died several hours later.[45]
December 14, 1989 Seidamet Balji In protest of exile and mistreatment of Crimean Tatars by the government While being forced to leave Yalta he doused himself with gasoline and self-immolated. Survived after being extinguished, but said he would do it again if he had to live in exile for longer.[45]

1990s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
March 21, 1990 Zekiye Alkan  Turkey Ban of Newroz celebrations Medical student who self-immolated on Newroz.[46][47]
April 26, 1990 Stanislovas Žemaitis 52  Soviet Union Communist rule in Lithuania Protesting Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania. Died the following day in Moscow hospital.[citation needed]
April 29, 1990 Sunghee Park 19  South Korea Political situation in South Korea Self-immolated during students' protest against the South Korean regime. Died May 19, 1991.[citation needed]
May 9, 1990 Rimantas Daugintis 55  Soviet Union Communist rule in Lithuania Lithuanian sculptor self-immolated on Hungarian–Soviet border. Died a few days later.
September 19, 1990 Rajiv Goswami 19  India Reservation in India Survived[48]
October 14, 1990 Thanawut Klingchuea 20  Thailand Government of Chatichai Choonhavan Ramkhamhaeng University student[49]
February 18, 1991 Gregory Levey 30  United States Gulf War Took place in Amherst Common, Massachusetts.[50]
September 21, 1991 Giorgi Abesadze 35  Georgia Looming civil war in Georgia Physician[51]
March 21, 1992 Rahşan Demirel  Turkey Treatment of Kurds by Turkey She self-immolated on Newroz.[47]
April 6, 1993 Binh Gia Pham 43  United States Persecution of Buddhists in Vietnam Binh Gia Pham had five friends tape his self-immolation outside Boston. Died at the scene.[52][53]
April 29, 1993 Graham Bamford 48  United Kingdom War in Bosnia and Herzegovina 'The British army must not be a guard of honour at a mass funeral. Bosnian babies, children, and womenfolk are waiting for the politicians to do what they know they should – give them military protection.'[54]
February 21, 1994 Homa Darabi 54  Iran Legal obligation under the Islamic Criminal Code (Art. 139) for women to wear the headscarf in public[55] Pediatrician, political activist. Died the following day
March 21, 1994 Nilgün Yıldırım and Bedriye Taş Repression of Kurdish identity and traditions They immolated themselves on Newroz, an important festivity for the Kurds[47]
April 25, 1995 Reinhold Elstner 75  Germany "Slander and demonization" of German soldiers after World War II Wehrmacht veteran. Died in a Munich hospital 12 hours later.[56]
September 3, 1995 Sabine Kratze 25  Vietnam Trial of six Buddhist monks[citation needed]
December 15, 1995 Abdul Raoob 23  India Killing of the Sri Lankan Tamils Self-immolated himself in Trichy, Tamil Nadu over the Killings of Sri Lankan Tamils committed by the Sinhalese-dominated Sri Lanka government and to Protest against India playing the Sri Lanka Cricket team in Chennai.[57]
October 22, 1996 Kathy Change 46  United States For directly democratic community-based self-government[citation needed]
January 13, 1998 Alfredo Ormando 39  Italy Catholic Church's condemnation of homosexuality[58]
April 27, 1998 Thupten Ngodup 60  India Political situation in Tibet Ex-monk. In protest of police interference with unto-death hunger-strike in Delhi. Died 2 days later in hospital after visit by the Dalai Lama.[59][60][61]
February 16, 1999 Necla Coşkun 14  United Kingdom Arrest of Abdullah Öcalan Survived[62][63]
February 1999 Zülkuf Yilmaz   Switzerland Arrest of Abdullah Öcalan Survived[64]

2000s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
January 23, 2001 various –  China See Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident [65]
April 2, 2001 Shahraz Kayani 48  Australia Government refusal to grant entry to his wife and daughters Pakistani refugee[66]
November 15, 2002 Milos Redzepovic 34  Germany Planned deportation of his family to Serbia Doused himself in gasoline and self-immolated inside the town hall of Syke. Died the following day.[67]
March 6, 2003 Zdeněk Adamec 19  Czech Republic Iraq War Self-immolated in Prague. Died at the scene.[68][69]
June 23, 2003 Neda Hassani 26  United Kingdom Raid on and arrest of members of the People's Mujahedin of Iran Self-immolated in front of the French embassy in London. Died at the scene. There were at least 4 other self-immolations protesting the same.[70]
July 21, 2004 Mordehai (Hamimo) Cohen 30  Israel Rejection of work license Self-immolated during a City Hall assembly.[71]
October 5, 2004 Maggy Mufu Delvaux 44  Luxembourg Protest against institutionalized racism Self-immolated in a public place[72] Money problems resulting from the Luxembourgish government denying her family the authorisation to open a garage despite meeting all the legal requirements and suing the State for discrimination have driven the woman to desperately plead her case publicly after writing an open letter to the Prime Minister warning him of what she was about to do. However no help was sent to her to prevent her immolation.[73]
August 17, 2005 Yelena Businov 54  Israel Protest against the Israeli disengagement from Gaza [74]
August 31, 2005 Baruch Ben Menahem 21 [75]
March 28, 2006 Eleftheria Fourtoulaki  Greece Treatment of Kurds in Turkey [76]
June 11, 2006 Pravin Joshi 30  India Screening of Fanaa Died 9 days later.[77]
October 31, 2006 Roland Weisselberg 73  Germany Spread of Islam Former Lutheran pastor self-immolated in a former monastery in Erfurt. Died the following day.[78]
November 3, 2006 Malachi Ritscher 52  United States War in Iraq Died at the scene.[79]
November 23, 2006 Lhakpa Tsering 23  India Political situation in Tibet Survived[80]
March 7, 2007 Uddhav Bhandari 40  United Kingdom Asylum policy Nepali asylum seeker[81]
April 1, 2007 Heo Se-uk 54  South Korea South Korea – United States Free Trade Agreement [82]
October 1, 2008 Ramiro Guillén Tapia 65  Mexico Local government in the city of Xalapa [83]
January 29, 2009 Kumar Muthukumar 26  India Killing of the Sri Lankan Tamils Inspired several other self-immolations[84]
February 12, 2009 Murugathasan Varnakulasingham 26   Switzerland Killing of the Sri Lankan Tamils Inspired several other self-immolations[85]
February 27, 2009 Tapey mid-20s  China Political situation in Tibet Monk, Kirti Monastery, Ngaba. Shot[86] by Chinese police while on fire, and then taken away by them. Current status unknown.[86]
November 13, 2009 Tang Fu-zhen 47 Forced demolition of her home Died 16 days later.[87]
December 3, 2009 Kasoju Srikanth Chary 24  India For statehood of Telangana Died the following day.[88]

2010s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
February 20, 2010 Siripur Yadaiah 19  India For statehood of Telangana Student. Self immolated at the main gate of Osmania University, Hyderabad. Died the next day in hospital.[89][90]
July 31, 2010 Eshan Reddy 20s Student. Self-immolated as an offering for a deity for the cause of statehood.[91]
September 10, 2010 Ye Zhongcheng 79  China Forced demolition of their home Zhongcheng self-immolated with two family members and died on September 18.[92]
December 17, 2010 Tarek el-Tayeb Mohamed Bouazizi 26  Tunisia Corruption in government Inspired the Tunisian revolution leading to ouster of President Ben Ali and further revolutions of the Arab Spring. Died January 4, 2011.[93]
January 16, 2011 Venugopala Reddy 20s  India For statehood of Telangana MCA student immolated himself near his university auditorium,died on the spot.[94]
January 16, 2011 Mohsen Bouterfif –  Algeria Unemployment and housing Inspired by Bouazizi's self-immolation in Tunisia.[95]
January 16, 2011 Bhavani 18  India For statehood of Telangana [96]
January 17, 2011 Yacoub Ould Dahoud 43  Mauritania Political situation in Mauritania [97]
January 23, 2011 Unnamed man 60s  Saudi Arabia Political situation in Saudi Arabia [98]
February 21, 2011 Mustafa 40  India For statehood of Telangana [99]
March 16, 2011 Rigzin Phuntsog 21  China Political situation in Tibet Monk of Kirti Monastery. In Ngaba, Amdo. Beaten by police before they extinguished the flames. Died in hospital.[100][101][102]
June 15, 2011 Thomas James Ball 58  United States Father's rights and family court injustice Self immolated on the steps of a family courthouse in New Hampshire. Died on the spot.[103]
August 15, 2011 Tsewang Norbu 29  China Political situation in Tibet Monk of Nyitso monastery in Kham Tawu. In Tawu. Died soon afterwards.[100][102][104]
August 28, 2011 Senkodi 27  India Convictions in the Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi case A Tamil woman immolated herself in front of a tahsil office at Kanchipuram to protest death sentences of A. G. Perarivalan, V. Sriharan (alias Murugan), and T. Suthendraraja (alias Santhan). She died the same day.[105]
September 16, 2011 Apostolos Polyzonis 55  Greece European sovereign-debt crisis Self-immolated in front of a bank in Thessaloniki.[106]
September 23, 2011 Andrzej Żydek 49  Poland Opposition to the Civic Platform government Occurred in front of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland. A letter to Donald Tusk was found attached to a bench in the park.[107][108]
March 17, 2012 Sonam Thargyal (Dargye, Dhargay) 44  China Farmer in Rebkong, Amdo. Died on the spot.[109][110]
March 24, 2012 L Bhoja Naik 21  India For statehood of Telangana MBA student self-immolated in front of his college. Died on the spot.[111]
March 26, 2012 Jamphel Yeshi 27  India Political situation in Tibet Layperson in Delhi. Died 2 days later in hospital.[112][113]
March 26, 2012 Rajmouli 40  India For statehood of Telangana [114][115]
March 26, 2012 B.R. Goud n/a  India For statehood of Telangana [114]
March 27, 2012 Pallavi 17  India For statehood of Telangana Died later in hospital.[116]
March 27, 2012 Kalakanchi Ilaiah 30  India For statehood of Telangana Scrap dealer.[117]
March 28, 2012 K Uppalaiah 30  India For statehood of Telangana [118]
March 28, 2012 Lobsang Sherab 20  China Political situation in Tibet Monk of Kirti Monastery.[119] In Ngaba, Amdo. Died on the spot.[120][121]
March 28, 2012 Sripuram Srikanth 23  India For statehood of Telangana Died on March 30 at the Osmania General Hospital.[122]
March 30, 2012 Tenpa Dhargyal (Darjey) 22  China Political situation in Tibet Monk of Tsodun monastery, Barkham, Amdo. Forcibly removed to hospital by Chinese security forces. Current status unknown.[123][124]
March 30, 2012 Chimey Palden (Chime) 21  China Political situation in Tibet Monk of Tsodun monastery, Barkham, Amdo. Forcibly removed to hospital by Chinese security forces.[124][125] Died later that day around midnight.[126]
March 30, 2012 Shyamapuri Shankar 24  India For statehood of Telangana [127]
March 30, 2012 Bandavath Suresh 25  India For statehood of Telangana Suffered 50% burns.[128]
July 14, 2012 Moshe Silman 57  Israel Social justice march in Tel Aviv Social justice activist, suffered 90% burns.[129] Died July 20 in hospital.[130]
July 16, 2012 Zion Vaknin[131] 46  Israel Social injustice protest At Beersheba's city hall, in protest of debts.[132]
July 18, 2012 Valentina Gerasimovna 57  Russia A woman attempted to self-immolate at the public reception center of the ruling United Russia party in Novosibirsk. Earlier, she addressed the party's public reception center for legal advice as an apartment buyer.[133][134] Died in a hospital.[135]
July 20, 2012 Akiva Mafi 45  Israel Social injustice protest Akiva Mafi[136] (45) Disabled IDF veteran sets himself on fire in Yehud, on behalf of wounded veterans.[137][138] Died August 1, 2012.[139] New agency established to prevent more cases.
July 30, 2012 Đặng Thị Kim Liêng 64  Vietnam Against 2011 crackdown on Vietnamese youth activists[140] Tạ Phong Tần's mother. Self-immolated in the early morning. Died en route to the hospital.[141]
February 18, 2013 Trayan Marechkov 26  Bulgaria Part of the 2013 Bulgarian protests Died on the spot, at a central crossroads, in front of the central office of a private bank in Veliko Tarnovo.[142][143]
February 20, 2013 Plamen Goranov 36  Bulgaria Part of the 2013 Bulgarian protests against the Borisov cabinet Protested corruption and monopolies,[144] and demanded the resignation of Varna's mayor Kiril Yordanov and the Municipal Council.[145] Mountain climber and photographer. Set himself alight in front of the Varna municipality. Died 11 days later in hospital.[146][147]
February 26, 2013 Ventzislav Vasilev 53  Bulgaria Part of the 2013 Bulgarian protests Father of five.[148] Set himself on fire in Radnevo. Died in hospital two weeks later.
March 13, 2013 Dimitar Dimitrov 51  Bulgaria Part of the 2013 Bulgarian protests Set himself on fire in front of the Presidential Palace in Sofia. Hospitalized with life-threatening injuries.[149][150]
March 20, 2013 Todor Yovchev 40  Bulgaria Part of the 2013 Bulgarian protests Died on March 22[151]
May 24, 2013 Bowatte Indarathana 30  Sri Lanka Against the slaughtering of cattle and alleged conversion of Buddhists to minority religions in Sri Lanka[152]
June 12, 2013 Andrzej Filipiak 56  Poland Unemployed receiving no help from the state Occurred across the street from the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland[153][154][155]
June 20, 2014 Thu Hoang 71  United States In apparent response to the Hai Yang Shi You 981 standoff Apparent protest by a Vietnamese man of a Chinese state-owned oil rig being placed into waters contested by Vietnam in the South China Sea[156]
June 23, 2014 Charles R. Moore 79 Social injustice[157] Set himself alight in a strip mall parking lot, died upon arrival at hospital.
March 14, 2015 Younes Asakere 34  Iran Discrimination of Ahwazi Arabs Self-immolated after local authorities confiscated his vendor stall in Khorramshahr. Died on March 22.[158] Inspired a mass protest which resulted in arrests of some 1,000 people and further self-immolations.[159]
August 12, 2015 Choi Yeon-yeol 80  South Korea Japanese colonization of Korea and military conduct during World War II[160] Set himself on fire in a flower bed near the Japanese embassy in Seoul during an anti-Japan protest by "comfort women" (survivors of World War II Japanese military brothels). Injuries sustained were not life-threatening. Condition Pending.[161]
October 18, 2015 Khodayar Amini 30  Australia Australian refugee policy Self-immolated in Melbourne during a video call to his advocates.[162]
October 24, 2015 Erlan Bektibaev 20  Kazakhstan Social injustice Doused himself with gasoline and set himself on fire on October 24 in front of the Taraz headquarters of the ruling Nur Otan party in Taraz. Bektibayev was rushed to hospital, but later died of his burns.[citation needed]
February 28, 2016 Dorjee Tsering 16  India Political situation in Tibet Survived and recovered in a New Delhi hospital. American presidential candidate Hillary Clinton held up his photograph while speaking to a Tibetan advocacy group.[163]
March 19, 2016 Charles Ingram 51  United States Corruption at the United States Department of Veterans Affairs Military veteran walked nine miles to a military veteran hospital before self-immolated in the hospital's parking lot.[164]
April 27, 2016 Omid Masoumali 23  Nauru Australian refugee policy Iranian refugee self-immolated at an Australian refugee detention camp during a visit to the camp by representatives of a UNHCR fundraising arm (Australia for UNHCR) who told the refugees to expect to remain on Nauru for "another ten years".[165] After more than 24 hours without adequate medical attention he was airlifted by private contractor to Brisbane, Australia where he died on 29 April 2016 from his burns.[166]
May 2, 2016 Hodan Yasi 21 In an Australian refugee detention camp. Woman from Somalia (variously referred to as Hadon/Hodan and Yasin/Yasi) was airlifted from Nauru to Brisbane[167] but her condition as at late May 2016 is shrouded in secrecy. It seems she may still be alive, since her death would have to be reported under Queensland Law and an inquest into her death held as she would be deemed to be a "Death in Custody" had she died.[citation needed]
May 19, 2017 Unknown 54  Germany Islamization of Germany Died in hospital. Police said the man had scrawled slogans on his car along the lines of "Never again war on German soil" and "Amri is only the tip of the iceberg" — a reference to Anis Amri, the Tunisian who attacked a Christmas market in Berlin and whom authorities had previously been unable to deport.[168]
July 15, 2017 Tenzin Choeying 20  India Political situation in Tibet Suffered 50% burns. Died nine days later from his injuries.[169]
July 29, 2017 Pasang Dhondup 49 Died in Dharamshala[170]
September 21, 2017 Zdenek Hanzlik 60  New Zealand Family Court Injustices Zdenek "Sid" Hanzlik, died in Wellington Hospital after setting himself on fire outside Parliament protesting against 'perceived injustices' in the Family Court [171]
October 19, 2017 Piotr Szczęsny 54  Poland Rule of Law and Justice political party Leaflets[172][173] were strewn around him on the ground outside of the Palace of Culture and Science, and a speaker was broadcasting a song by a 1990s Polish rock band titled "I love freedom".[174][175][176]
January 15, 2018 Dmitry Rudov 39  Russia Corruption of government After being sacked from Gazprom's subsidiary and unsuccessfully appealing to President Putin, he set himself on fire in front of Ishimbay's City Hall in Bashkortostan. Died in hospital the next day.[177]
April 14, 2018 David Buckel 60  United States Climate change and pollution[178]

In a note sent to The New York Times and other news outlets, along with a copy attached to a shopping cart near his body he stated fossil fuel use and the environmental destruction it causes as the reason he decided to end his life by self-immolation with fossil fuels. Buckel was a prominent lawyer for gay rights, and was involved in environmental causes.[179][180][181]
May 20, 2018 Fathi Harb 20  Palestine Economic situation in Gaza Died on May 23.[182][183]
June 20, 2018 Chloe Sagal 31  United States Homelessness and mental health issues Several days after threatening self-harm with a machete, Sagal walked into a downtown Oregon Park, read a statement regarding homelessness and mental health before covering herself with fluid and setting herself alight.[184]
June 26, 2018 John Watts 58 Corruption at the United States Department of Veterans Affairs Military veteran self-immolated on the steps of the Georgia state Capitol to protest corruption at the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.[185]
August 3, 2018 Vatan Karabash 47–48 Crimea (disputed) Russian annexation of Crimea and repressions of the Crimean Tatars Karabash set himself on fire in public, declaring Russia policies to be lawless; he had previously expressed anger at plans for demolition of Crimean Tatar houses in Russian-annexed Crimea, which had been deemed "illegal" since they were built before deported Crimean Tatars were permitted to return. Bystanders put out the flames and the injuries were reported to be non-fatal.[186]
August 15, 2018 Unknown 50s  United Kingdom Homelessness A woman in her fifties (later identified under the pseudonym "Melanie Smith"), under threat of eviction and suffering from mental health issues set herself on fire at the housing office of Barnet London Borough Council. She died in intensive care several months later, with council employees reportedly having been ordered not to discuss the incident with journalists.[187][188]
September 19, 2018 Nicholas McCrary 29  United States Involuntary celibacy and mental health McCrary was a prolific YouTuber who had autism and whose videos were popular with "blackcels" (black incels). He also used the pseudonym Baraka Mckray, and accused black women of being "prejudiced" against autistic men such as himself.[189][190]
September 27, 2018 Umit Acar 26  Germany Against the imprisonment of Abdullah Öcalan Self-immolated in Ingolstadt, as Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was to visit Germany.[191]
November 28, 2018 Mahsun Özen 21  Turkey Treatment of Kurds in Turkey Self-immolated on the anniversary of the Roboski airstrike in which 34 Kurds died[192]
January 18, 2019 Unknown 54  Czech Republic In memory of Jan Palach who burned himself to death in 1969, protesting the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia Suffered 30% burns after setting himself on fire at the central Wenceslas Square of Prague on the 50th anniversary of Jan Palach's death from his self-immolation protest against the Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia. According to Czech authorities, "he said it was only a remembrance to Jan Palach".[193]
February 20, 2019 Uğur Şakar 43  Germany Against the imprisonment of Abdullah Öcalan Self-immolated in front of the Court in Krefeld, Germany[194]; died in hospital a month later [195]
May 29, 2019 Arnav Gupta 33  United States Unknown An Indian-origin resident of Bethesda, Maryland died in hospital that day after setting himself on fire near the White House in Washington, D.C. while wearing a USA T-shirt. The Washington Post described his actions as "an unmistakable protest, the loudest, most spectacular cry that people in pain can come up with."[196]
July 19, 2019 Kim (surname) 78  South Korea Unknown A man used 20 liters of fuel to set himself on fire in his car in the early morning outside the Japanese embassy in Seoul. He died several hours later in the hospital.[197]
September 9, 2019 Sahar Khodayari 29  Iran The right for women in Iran to attend a football match alongside men The Iranian female football fan died that day, one week after setting herself on fire outside an Iranian court, reportedly after learning she may have to serve a six-month sentence for trying to enter a football stadium (alongside men).[198]
September 10, 2019 Albert Razin 79  Russia The declining status and use of the Udmurt language in Russia. The scholar and activist set himself on fire outside the State Council building in Izhevsk, Udmurt Republic, as the regional government was considering passing a bill to reduce the status of the indigenous Udmurt language in the republic. Razin died the same day.[199][200]
October 23, 2019 Ali Wazir 31   Switzerland In protest of the Turkish invasion of Syria A Syrian Kurdish man set himself on fire in front of the seat of the UNHCR in Geneva.[201]
November 10, 2019 Anas K. 22  France Student living costs, fascism, neoliberalism A 22-year-old man enrolled at Lyon 2 University set himself on fire in front of a university restaurant in response to being unable to sustain himself on €450 a month. In a post on Facebook, he blamed Emmanuel Macron, François Hollande, Nicolas Sarkozy and the EU for having "killed" him, and also attacked Marine Le Pen and media figures for creating fear, also urging readers to "Fight against the rise of fascism which divides us, and against liberalism which creates inequalities". He was admitted to hospital with 90% burns over his body.[202][203]

2020s

Date Name Age Country Protesting Notes and references
July 18, 2020 Linda J. Zhang 18  United States Protesting climate change inaction[204] High school student from New York self-immolated and died from injuries. A climate activist who left an op-ed to the New York Times before she died.[204]
February 7, 2020 Adem Yarıcı 42  Turkey Unemployment in Turkey 42-year-old unemployed man, father of two, set himself on fire in front of Hatay governor's office. Witnesses said that he shouted "My kids are hungry!" before setting himself ablaze. He died on the same day. The governor claimed that Yarıcı divorced from his wife a while ago, had mental illness and attempt to self-immolate before.[205][206][207]
June 16, 2020 Unknown 48  Poland Unknown; reportedly said there is "no justice" to police at the scene A 48-year-old man set himself on fire shortly after talking to journalists outside of the Sejm building in Warsaw, Poland.[208]
July 27, 2020 Arie den Dekker 54  Netherlands Murder witness, removed from family, turned homeless Den Dekker had witnessed a murder in 2018. Following this, his house was torched multiple times and he was put into a witness protection program. Unable to be with his family and having his pleas ignored by the municipality and the government, Den Dekker protested in front of Oss' city hall multiple times, throwing dead fish inside, dousing himself in cow feces and committing other acts of despair on multiple occasions. On July 27 he committed suicide by self-immolation in front of the city hall.[209]
August 3, 2020 Yavuz Polat 46  Turkey Economical issues A 47-year-old street vendor from Erzincan set himself on fire after the police wanted him to remove his corn stall. He died on August 27.[210][211]
August 4, 2020 Anastasia Niklas 24  Ukraine Unknown 24-year-old Anastasia Niklas lit herself on fire in Zaporizhia, Ukraine, outside a Catholic church in the center of the city.[212] According to a security guard who was on duty, the woman arrived around 4:00 am, doused herself with gasoline, and lit herself on fire. Her motives remain unknown, she died on the spot.[213]
August 14, 2020 Fikret Güven  Turkey Economical issues A tea maker set himself on fire in front of the Bursa governorship after the police closed the roads to his shop.

[214][215]
September 18, 2020 Syarhei Radchenya 36 Belarus Belarus Fraudulent election and follow-on police abuse and brutality against protests in Belarus. 36-year-old Syarhei Radchenya set himself on fire in Smalavichy, Belarus, near the local police department. According to the press service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Syarhei poured gasoline over himself from a canister and set it on fire after which an employee ran out of the district department building and put out the fire. Syarhei was hospitalized in critical condition with burns on 84% of his body surface, including the respiratory tract. He died on September 25, 2020, as a result of his injuries.[216]
October 2, 2020 Irina Slavina 47 Russia Russia Journalist; her apartment was searched the day before by the police alleging her ties to the Open Russia group Russian journalist Irina Slavina set herself on fire in front of the Interior Ministry office in Nizhniy Novgorod. She has died there of the resulting burns.[217][218]
February 12, 2021 Halil S. 49  Germany Against the detention conditions of Abdullah Öcalan He set himself on fire in front of the Landtag in Dresden[219][220]
April 12, 2021 Itzik Saidyan (he) 26  Israel Government treatment of disabled veterans He set himself on fire in front of the Defense Ministry's rehabilitation department offices in Petah Tikva that handles the rehabilitation of injured soldiers,[221] two days before the annual Memorial Day. Saidian fought in the 2014 war in Gaza, Operation Protective Edge, and suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder.[222]
September 14, 2021 Ella Nik Bayan 40  Germany Transphobia and treatment of immigrants 40 year old trans woman who burned herself publicly in Alexanderplatz square, Berlin. Ella had immigrated from Iran years earlier.[223]
January 1, 2022 Unknown  Australia Vaccine ID and mandates He set himself on fire on Church St. in Richmond, Victoria, sustaining life-threatening injuries. The man was stopped by paramedics and police.[224][225]
January 31, 2022 Unknown  Italy Unknown Man of unknown identity set himself on fire in front of a Carabinieri barrack Rende, Calabria, sustaining life-threatening injuries. Local police and man's family confirm man was twice vaccinated and self-immolation was not due to the vaccine mandate.

[226][227]
February 25, 2022 Tsewang Norbu 25  China Political situation in Tibet Popular Tibetan singer from Nangchu. Self-immolated in front of the Potala Palace in Lhasa. Died in the hospital a few days later.
April 22, 2022 Wynn Bruce 54  United States Protesting climate change inaction[228] Man from Boulder, Colorado self-immolated in front of the Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C. Died from injuries.[229] Described himself as a Buddhist and climate activist.[228]
May 18, 2022 Krishanpal 52  India Police inaction He set himself ablaze outside an SSP office alleging police inaction over a complaint he filed against some people for destroying his crops.[230][231]
September 21, 2022 Unknown 70s  Japan Funeral of Shinzo Abe A man in his 70s set himself on fire near the Prime Minister's Official Residence in protest of the decision to hold an official state funeral for former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.[232]
March 1, 2023 Chet Bohrer 42  United States Bullying and mental health 42 year old resident of Salt Lake City, Utah set himself on fire at Bancroft Way and Telegraph Ave on the UC Berkeley campus. He had no known affiliation with the university. Bohrer died in the hospital from his injuries days later. He claimed to have been bullied and spied on by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.[233]
March 27, 2023 Ahmed Jaouad 61  Morocco Precarity, insufficient pension fund A Moroccan playwright died six days after setting himself on fire following a failed hunger strike in hopes of raising his pension fund from his thirty years of service at the Moroccan Ministry of Culture which was insufficient to provide for his family.[234][235] Jaouad's wife and children were awarded financial compensation by the ministry after his death.[236][235]
April 13, 2023 Nizar Issaoui 35  Tunisia Human rights in Tunisia, Anti-police sentiment A local Tunisian footballer died after setting himself on fire in what he said was a protest against Tunisia's “police state”.[237] During his funeral, demonstrators started throwing stones at police, who retaliated with tear gas.[238]
August 1, 2023 Bar Kalaf 33  Israel The Defense Ministry denying him disability status Kalaf served in the Israeli Defense Force from 2008 to 2011 and saw combat in Operation Protective Edge as a reservist, where he claimed he developed post-traumatic stress disorder. The Defense Ministry rejected his application for disability status, stating he had a mental disorder unrelated to his military duties. Kalaf self-immolated in his home and afterwards was rushed to Sheba Medical Center in Ramat Gan where he died.[239] [240]
November 8, 2023 Unknown  DRC Protest of the genocide in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Congolese man set himself on fire to protest the ongoing genocide in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The video, which was posted on Twitter on November 8, shows the man, who has not been identified, standing in front of a crowd in Kinshasa, the capital of the DRC, holding a sign that reads “Stop the genocide in Congo”.[241]
December 1, 2023 Unknown female  United States Protest in support of Palestine A protester self-immolated outside the Israeli Consulate in Atlanta, Georgia; following what officials described as "an act of extreme political protest," a Palestinian national flag was recovered at the scene.[242][243]
February 25, 2024 Aaron Bushnell 25  United States Protest against the war in Gaza The active-duty US Airman self-immolated outside the Israeli Embassy in Washington, D.C. He livestreamed the act on Twitch. Speaking into a camera on a selfie-stick he said: 'My name is Aaron Bushnell, I am an active duty member of the United States Air Force and I will no longer be complicit in genocide.' After ignition, he repeatedly yelled “Free Palestine”. He was taken to a hospital where he succumbed to his injuries.[244][245]

See also

References

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  150. ↑ Poverty in Bulgaria drives more to make ultimate sacrifice, BBC.co.uk, May 8, 2013; retrieved May 7, 2015.
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  172. ↑ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DMjhWhsUIAInS_Y.jpg[bare URL image file]
  173. ↑ https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DMjhWhtUEAAa5YK.jpg[bare URL image file]
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  213. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  214. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  217. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  218. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  219. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  220. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  222. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  223. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  224. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  234. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  237. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  238. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  239. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  240. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  241. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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External links

  • "The Self Immolators" – a chronological list of biographies and last statements of known self immolators 1967 to 2013
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