List of ships captured in the 19th century

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USS United States engaging HMS Macedonian

Throughout naval history during times of war the ships involved in battles, blockades and other patrol missions would often result in the capture of enemy ships or those of a neutral country. If a ship proved to be a valuable prize efforts would sometimes be made to capture the vessel with inflicting the least amount of damage as was practically possible. Both military and merchant ships were captured, often renamed and then used in the service of the capturing country's navy, or in some other utility capacity for that country. As an incentive to search far and wide for enemy ships cargoes on board these vessels were often divided up and awarded to the capturing crew members. Throughout the 1800s war prize laws were established to help opposing countries settle claims amicably.[1][2] Private ships were also authorized by various countries at war through a Letter of marque, legally allowing a ship and commander to engage and capture the various ships that were deemed unfriendly to that country.[3]

Legend

  • Dates of capture are listed chronologically and appear in bold [Note 1]
  • Names of commanders are those in command when ships were captured.
  • The symbol ' † ' following a commander's name denotes he was killed in action.
  • Name of ship and flag of country listed are those in use at time of ship's capture and will sometimes link to a page with name and flag used after capture.
  • This list does not include ships captured by pirates.

1800–1809

Quasi-War

The Quasi-War was an undeclared war fought mostly at sea between the United States and French Republic from 1798 to 1800. France, plagued by massive crop failures and desperately in need of grain and other supplies, commissioned numerous French privateers who both legally and illegally captured cargo from merchant vessels of every flag engaged in foreign trade with Britain. Approximately 300 American ships were captured by the French Navy and privateers under a Letter of marque issued by the government of France.[4] International law mandated that a ship captured during wartime by a belligerent was lost to the owner, and that no compensation was to be made by the country who seized a vessel unless provided for by a treaty that ended that war.[5]

First Barbary War

The First Barbary War (1801–5), was the first of the First Barbary War and the Second Barbary War fought between the United States and the North African Berber Muslim states known collectively as the Barbary States. For years the Barbary Corsairs had harassed and captured British, French and American shipping, often capturing vessels seizing cargoes and holding crews for large ransoms or enslaving them.[14] Refusing to pay tribute President Thomas Jefferson sent a fleet of ships to the Mediterranean shores of North Africa to deal with the constant threats to U.S. and other ships.[15][16]

French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against the French Republic and Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1792 to 1815 involving many often large scale naval battles resulting in the capture of numerous ships. Among the most notable of such battles were the Battle of Trafalgar and the Battle of Copenhagen involving hundreds of ships and many thousands of seamen and officers.

Battle of Copenhagen

The Battle of Copenhagen was a naval battle involving a large British fleet under the command of Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, defeating and capturing many of the Danish-Norwegian fleet anchored just off Copenhagen on 2 April 1801. Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson led the main attack.[27][28]

See also:
List of Danish sail frigates
List of ships of the line of Denmark

Napoleonic Wars (continued i)

Battle of Trafalgar

The Battle of Trafalgar was fought on the 21st of October 1805 off the Spanish coast near Cape Trafalgar involving the allied fleets of Spain and France against the Royal Navy of Britain. Britain's answer to Napoleon's threat, it proved to be the turning point of the Napoleonic era and is regarded as the last great sea battle of the period. The battle involved dozens of sailing warships and vessels many of which fell to capture while many were also met with what is considered a worse fate in the storm that followed.[38][39]

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See also: Order of battle at the Battle of Trafalgar

Napoleonic Wars (continued ii)

See also:

1810–1819

Napoleonic Wars (continued)

War of 1812

The War of 1812 was largely a naval war fought between the United States with its young American navy and Great Britain who had the largest and most formidable navy in the world at the time. The causes of the war were regarded differently between the two countries. The United States was appalled at Britain for seizing U.S. ships and capturing and impressing American citizens into its navy, while Britain maintained that it had the right to search neutral vessels for property or persons of its foes. The ships of the two countries were involved in many engagements along the Atlantic coast, the Great Lakes, the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies with numerous vessels being destroyed or captured on both sides.[78]

See also:

Second Barbary War

Chilean war of independence

The Navy of Chile website lists 26 Spanish prizes during the War of Independence. The most famous are probably:

For vessels captured by Chilean Letter of marque ships, see list of prizes

1820–1829

1830–1839

West Africa Squadron

War of the Confederation

Texas Revolution

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See also: First Texas Navy

1839

1840–1849

Mexican–American War

At the onset of the war on 12 May 1846, Commodore John D. Sloat was in command of the Pacific fleet. The Pacific war against Mexico lasted only eight months with few casualties. The Pacific fleet consisted mainly of ten ships: two ships of the line, two frigates, two sloops-of-war, and four sloops. As the Mexican navy was very small few vessels were ever captured.

First Schleswig War

During the First Schleswig War (1848 – 1850) the Royal Danish Navy first supported the Danish Army's advance south against the rebels in Schleswig-Holstein, and later blockaded the German ports.[143]

1850–1859

1860–1869

American Civil War

During the American Civil War the Union naval blockade at first proved to be ineffective at keeping ships from entering or leaving southern ports but towards the end of the war it played a significant role in its victory over the Confederate states. By the end of the war the Union Navy had captured many Confederate ships, moreover had also captured more than 1,100 blockade runners while destroying or running aground another 355 vessels, the majority of them being British vessels, as the British had extensive interests throughout the plantations in the south, foremost of which was cotton. Using their specially designed blockade runners the British also provided arms and other needed supplies to the Confederate Army.[153] The Confederacy came into the war with no Navy to speak of but in little time were producing the now famous ironclad vessels in response to the Union blockade, however these were being destroyed or captured as fast as they were being produced and ultimately did little to alleviate the strangle hold the Union blockade had on the Confederacy.[154]

See also:

Second Schleswig War

During the Second Schleswig War in 1864 the Royal Danish Navy blockaded the German ports. While the Danes suffered military defeat on land during the conflict, their navy succeeded in maintaining the blockade throughout the war.[204]

Chincha Islands War

The Chincha Islands War (1864 – 1866) was a mostly naval conflict between Spain and her former South American colonies Peru, Chile, Ecuador and Bolivia.

1870–1879

Ten Years' War

The Ten Years' War was fought between Cuban revolutionaries and Spain. Breaking out in 1868, the war was won by Spain by 1878.

  • Virginius | ( United States) | 30 October 1873
    The blockade runner, carrying 103 Cuban soldiers, was captured by the Spanish corvette Tornado. After initially executing 53 crew members as pirates, the Spanish authorities were pressured by the US and British governments to release the ship and the 91 surviving crew in December 1873.

War of the Pacific

The War of the Pacific (1879 – 1883) was fought between Peru and Bolivia on one side, with Chile on the other. Chile emerged victorious.

1880–1889

(Ship names / Information forthcoming)

1890–1899

First Sino-Japanese War

The 1894–95 First Sino-Japanese War was fought between Qing Dynasty China and Meiji Japan over dominance of Korea. The war ended in Japanese victory and great Chinese loss of territory and prestige.

  • Tsao-kiang | Beiyang Navy Beiyang Navy | 27 July 1894
    The gunboat was captured by the Japanese cruiser Akitsushima during the Battle of Pungdo. She served in the Japanese Navy and government service under the name Sōkō until 1924. Sold to civilian interests, she sailed as a transport until scrapped in 1964.
  • Jiyuan | Beiyang Navy Beiyang Navy | 17 February 1895
    The cruiser was captured by Japanese forces after the 17 February 1895 Battle of Weihaiwei. She served in the Japanese Navy under the name Saien until mined and sunk off Port Arthur on 30 November 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War.
  • Pingyuan | Beiyang Navy Beiyang Navy | 17 February 1895
    The armored cruiser was captured by Japanese forces after the 17 February 1895 Battle of Weihaiwei. She served in the Japanese Navy first under the name Ping Yuen Go and later as Heien until mined and sunk west of Port Arthur on 18 September 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War.
  • Zhenyuan | Beiyang Navy Beiyang Navy | 17 February 1895
    The turret ship was captured by Japanese forces after the 17 February 1895 Battle of Weihaiwei. She served in the Japanese Navy under the name Chin'en until scrapped in 1914.

Spanish–American War

The Spanish–American War lasted only ten weeks and was fought in both the Caribbean and the Pacific theaters. American naval power proved decisive, allowing U.S. expeditionary forces to disembark in Spanish controlled Cuba which was already under constant pressure from frequent insurgent attacks. It is the only American war that was prompted by the fate of a single ship, the USS Maine, then berthed in a Cuban harbor, which exploded while its crew lay asleep.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 pp.xxxvi, 165, 350, etc
  2. ↑ Yonge, 1863 pp.239, 269, 288, 295, etc
  3. ↑ Eastman, 2004 pp.1–7
  4. ↑ Williams, 2009 Introduction
  5. ↑ Williams, 2009 p.29
  6. ↑ Leiner, Frederick C., "Anatomy of a Prize Case: Dollars, Side-Deals, and Les Deux Anges", American Journal of Legal History, vol.39, pp.215–234.
  7. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, USS Boston prgh.4
  8. ↑ Allen, 1909, p.148
  9. ↑ Williams, 2009 p.162
  10. ↑ Allen, 1938 p.201
  11. ↑ Canney, 2001 p.55
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 The Green Mountain Patriot, Peacham, VT, 16 Sep 1809
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 John Bach McMaster, The Life and Times of Stephen Girard, mariner and merchant, pp. 47, 85–91.
  14. ↑ Allen, 1905, pp.1–13
  15. ↑ Harris, 1837 pp.63–64, 251
  16. ↑ Guttridge, 2005 pp.257–260
  17. ↑ Peterson, 1857 p.314
  18. ↑ Tucker, 2004 p.39
  19. ↑ MacKenzie, 1846 pp.66–67, 75–77
  20. ↑ MacKenzie, 1846 p.65
  21. ↑ Lewis, 1937 p.32
  22. ↑ Allen, 1905, p.160
  23. ↑ Cooper, 1856 p.187
  24. ↑ James, 1920 p.32
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Brenton, 1824 p.82
  27. ↑ Clark-M'Arthur, 1810 pp.602–610
  28. ↑ Southey, 1896 pp.243–244
  29. ↑ Lavery, 1983, p.180
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Brenton, 1824 p.208
  31. ↑ Phillips Ambuscade page article
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.6 Lavery, 1983 p.189
  33. ↑ Brenton, 1824 pp.281
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 p.117
  36. ↑ Yonge, 1863 pp.211–213
  37. ↑ James & Chamier, 1859 p.413
  38. ↑ Fraser, 1906 p.1
  39. ↑ Corbett, 1905 p.251
  40. ↑ Fraser, 1906 pp.114, 211–213
  41. ↑ Corbett, 1905 p.440
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Thiers, 1850 p.45
  43. ↑ Fraser, 1906 p.175
  44. ↑ Fraser, 1906 pp.150–152
  45. ↑ Corbett, 1905 pp.435 & 440
  46. ↑ Thiers, 1850 p.44
  47. ↑ Yonge, 1863 pp.118–119
  48. ↑ Fraser, 1906 p.310
  49. ↑ Thiers, 1850 p.43
  50. ↑ Fraser, 1906 pp.306–307
  51. ↑ Corbett, 1905 pp.441, 429, 430
  52. ↑ Fraser, 1906 pp.252–253
  53. ↑ Fraser, 1906 pp.253–254
  54. ↑ Fraser, 1906 p.311
  55. ↑ Frasert, 1906 p.314
  56. ↑ Corbett, 1905 p.421
  57. ↑ Fraser, 1906 p.57
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 Thiers, 1850 pp.43–45
  59. ↑ Fraser, 1906 pp.289–290
  60. ↑ Fraser, 1906 pp.282–284
  61. ↑ Fraser, 1906 p.312
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 Norie, 1827, pp.65
  63. ↑ Yonge, 1863 p.139
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 James, 1837 pp.222
  65. ↑ Yonge, 1863 pp.305–306
  66. ↑ Yonge, 1863 pp.51–52
  67. ↑ 67.00 67.01 67.02 67.03 67.04 67.05 67.06 67.07 67.08 67.09 67.10 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  68. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 p.211
  69. ↑ James, Chamier, 1859 p.70
  70. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 16236. p. 326. 11 March 1809.
  71. ↑ James, Chamier, 1859 pp.48, 441
  72. ↑ James & Chamier, 1859 p.23
  73. ↑ Lavery, 1983, p190, The Volume I
  74. ↑ James, Chamier, 1859 pp.151–157
  75. ↑ Yonge, 1863 pp.238–242
  76. ↑ Norie 1837 p.266
  77. ↑ James, 1837, pp.139–140
  78. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 pp.1–3
  79. ↑ Cooper, 1856 p.348
  80. ↑ Maclay, 1894 p.47
  81. ↑ James, Chamier, 1859 p.369
  82. ↑ Winfield (2008), p.359.
  83. ↑ Vice-admiralty court, Halifax, 1911 pp.142–143
  84. ↑ U.S.Navy, Nautilus, page article
  85. ↑ Coggeshall, 1856 p.38
  86. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Ships Histories, USS Caledonia
  87. ↑ Peterson, 1857 p.37
  88. ↑ Harrison, 1858 p.194
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 Roosevelt, 1883 p.283
  90. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Wasp prgh.3
  91. ↑ Latimer, 2007 p.103
  92. ↑ Griffis, 1972 pp.43–44
  93. ↑ Hill, 1905 pp.202–203
  94. ↑ Peterson, 1857 p.363
  95. ↑ Harrison, 1858 pp.192–193
  96. ↑ Harris, 1837 pp.196–197
  97. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 pp.119–121
  98. ↑ Clowes, Markham, Mahan, Wilson, Roosevelt, Laughton, 1901 p.113
  99. ↑ James, Chamier, 1859 p.243
  100. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 pp.188–189
  101. ↑ Leiner, 2007 p.30
  102. ↑ The European magazine, and London review, Volumes 63–64, Great Britain Philological Society, p.252
  103. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 pp.394–397
  104. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 p.206
  105. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 pp.214–216
  106. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 p.287
  107. ↑ James, Chamier, 1859 p.503
  108. ↑ Malcomson, 2006 pp.116, 423
  109. ↑ Malcomson, 2006 p.423
  110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 110.2 110.3 Roosevelt, 1883 p.346-349
  111. ↑ James, 1920 pp.154–155
  112. ↑ Vice-admiralty court, Halifax, 1911 p.96
  113. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 pp.314, 350
  114. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 pp.316, 350
  115. ↑ James, Chamier, 1859 p.504
  116. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 pp.293–304
  117. ↑ 117.0 117.1 Peterson, 1857 p.40
  118. ↑ Lewis, 1937 p.43
  119. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 pp.327, 350
  120. ↑ Winfield, 2008, p.294.
  121. ↑ Peterson, 1857 pp.454–455
  122. ↑ Heidler, 2004 p.288
  123. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  124. ↑ Thomson, 1817 p.347
  125. ↑ Roosevelt, 1883 pp.403–404
  126. ↑ 126.0 126.1 Toll, 2006 pp.472–474
  127. ↑ 127.0 127.1 Hill, 1905 pp.171–172
  128. ↑ 128.0 128.1 Phillips HMS Cyane page article
  129. ↑ MacKenzie, 1846 pp.5, 252
  130. ↑ Tucker, 2004 p.157
  131. ↑ Whipple, 2001 p.278
  132. ↑ Du Bois, 1904 p.290
  133. ↑ 133.0 133.1 Du Bois, 1904 p.291
  134. ↑ Friends' View of the African Slave Trade (1824), pp.35–41
  135. ↑ Foote, 1854 p.134
  136. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., p.526
  137. ↑ 137.0 137.1 Du Bois, 1904 p.293
  138. ↑ Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1904 p.502
  139. ↑ 139.0 139.1 139.2 139.3 139.4 139.5 139.6 Du Bois, 1904 p.294
  140. ↑ 140.0 140.1 140.2 Du Bois, 1904 p.295
  141. ↑ 141.0 141.1 141.2 141.3 141.4 Du Bois, 1904 p.296
  142. ↑ The California State Military Museum
  143. ↑ 143.0 143.1 143.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  144. ↑ Du Bois, 1904 pp.164, 296
  145. ↑ Foote, 1854 pp.285–292
  146. ↑ Foote, 1854 p.295
  147. ↑ Foote, 1854 p.331
  148. ↑ 148.0 148.1 148.2 148.3 148.4 U.S.Congress, 1858 p.13
  149. ↑ 149.0 149.1 149.2 149.3 149.4 149.5 149.6 Du Bois, 1904 p.297
  150. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  151. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  152. ↑ Dow, 1854 p.275
  153. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  154. ↑ Hill, 1905 p.419
  155. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, USMS Nashville, page article
  156. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, USMS Merrimack II, page article
  157. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 p.35
  158. ↑ Wyllie, 2007, p.477
  159. ↑ Wyllie, 2007, p.115
  160. ↑ Wyllie, 2007, p.175
  161. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 p.126
  162. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 pp.338, 580
  163. ↑ Ammen, David 1883 pp.51, 70
  164. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 p.38
  165. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 p.166
  166. ↑ Tucker, 2006 pp.93, 104
  167. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Bermuda, page article
  168. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Abraham, page article
  169. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, General Bragg, page article
  170. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, CSS General Sumter page article
  171. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 p.133
  172. ↑ Navy Chronology, 1862 July – December, page article
  173. ↑ Tucker, 2006 p.109
  174. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 p.211
  175. ↑ 175.0 175.1 Wyllie, 2007 pp.141, 165
  176. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 p.610
  177. ↑ Scharf, 1894 p.450
  178. ↑ Coulter, 1950 p.290
  179. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 pp.664–667
  180. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Archer, page article
  181. ↑ Wagner, Gallagher, McPherson, 2006 p.564
  182. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 p.352
  183. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 p.196
  184. ↑ Wilkinson, 1877 p.65
  185. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 p.191
  186. ↑ USGenWeb Project
  187. ↑ Wyllie, 2007 p.664
  188. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, CSS Bombshell, page article
  189. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Tristram Shandy, page article
  190. ↑ Office of Naval Records, 1921 p.225
  191. ↑ Hill, 1905 p.428
  192. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Advance, Blockade Running Steamer, page article
  193. ↑ Stempel, 2011, p.122
  194. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, (USS) Hornet, page article
  195. ↑ Bush, 1896, p.801
  196. ↑ Bush, 1896, p.802
  197. ↑ Bush, 1896 pp.254–255
  198. ↑ Wilkinson, 1877 p.61
  199. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, CSS Florida, page article
  200. ↑ Wise, 1991 p.211
  201. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  202. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, Eastport, page article
  203. ↑ U.S.Navy, DANFS, CSS Texas (1865), page article
  204. ↑ 204.0 204.1 204.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  205. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  206. ↑ Chilean Navy website, Guacolda (1879)

Notes

  1. ↑ 1800 is usually considered part of the 18th century; ships captured that year which are listed here have histories and surrounding histories that extend into the 19th century and are included in this list for continuity and context.
  2. ↑ Not to be confused with USS Merrimack (1855) commanded by Moses Brown.[9]
  3. ↑ Some sources spell it as L'Ambuscade [30]
  4. ↑ HMS Victory was Admiral Nelson's flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar
  5. ↑ Not to be confused with James Wallace (Royal Navy officer) who died in 1803.
  6. ↑ After his release from capture Captain Lucas was personally awarded the 'Gold Cross of the Legion of Honor' by Napoleon for his courageous effort during the battle.[43]
  7. ↑ Redoutable lost more than 80% of her crew: 300 killed, 222 wounded.
  8. ↑ Some sources spell name as Santa Anna[51][52]
  9. ↑ Accounts vary: 'J.Thiers' claims Monacra was smashed to pieces on the rocks during the storm that followed the battle.[58]
  10. ↑ Ship was renamed several times: Viala, Voltaire, Constitution, Jupiter
  11. ↑ Néréide was captured three different times: 1st capture by British on 20 December 1797; 2nd capture by French on 23 August 1810; 3rd capture by British 3 December 1810.
  12. ↑ Not to be confused with USS Frolic (1813) or USS Frolic (1862)
  13. ↑ Mortally wounded and died seven days after the battle.
  14. ↑ Not to be confused with a second Pictou brought into the Royal Navy at Halifax after its capture as the French Bonne Foi on 30 July 1814.[109]
  15. ↑ Epervier captured a number of ships before her capture: American privateers, Portsmouth Packet, Alfred, Lively, Active[112]
  16. ↑ Peterson (1857) claims 'Captain Manners' was in command at time of capture.[117]
  17. ↑ Some sources spell the name as 'Siren' .[118]
  18. ↑ Many (most?) sources spell the name as Merrimac without the 'k'.
  19. ↑ Accounts of capturing ship differ: The Naval History Division,Office of the Chief of Naval Operations claim it was USS Mount Vernon and USS Mystic that captured the Napier.[172]
  20. ↑ John Rodgers was the grandson of the famous Commodore John Rodgers born in 1772.
  21. ↑ also spelled as Siren

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