Liu Chang (Jixing)

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For other uses, see Liu Chang.
Liu Chang
4th and last emperor of Southern Han
Reign 958–972
Predecessor Liu Sheng (劉晟), father
Born 942
Died 980
Spouse Mei Zhu
Issue 4 sons
Full name
Surname: Liú (劉)
Given name: Jìxīng (繼興), later changed to Chǎng (鋹)
Era dates
Dàbǎo (大寶)
Year 1: 23 January 958 – 10 February 959
Year 2: 11 February 959 – 30 January 960
Year 3: 31 January 960 – 19 January 961
Year 4: 20 January 961 – 7 February 962
Year 5: 8 February 962 – 27 January 963
Year 6: 28 January 963 – 15 February 964
Year 7: 16 February 964 – 4 February 965
Year 8: 5 February 965 – 24 January 966
Year 9: 25 January 966 – 11 February 967
Year 10: 12 February 967 – 1 February 968
Year 11: 2 February 968 – 20 January 969
Year 12: 21 January 969 – 8 February 970
Year 13: 9 February 970 – 29 January 971
Year 14: 30 January 971 – 18 January 972
Liu Chang
Traditional Chinese 劉鋹
Simplified Chinese 刘鋹

Liu Chang (劉鋹) (942–980), originally Liu Jixing (劉繼興), was the fourth emperor of Southern Han during imperial China's Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, reigning from 958 until his country was annexed by the invading Song Dynasty army in 971.

Life

He succeeded Cheng because he was the eldest son. He only left eunuchs in power in his court.[1]

Reign

When Liu became Emperor, he was sixteen years old. During reign, he spent most of his time having sexual intercourse with women, including Persian women (波斯女子)who were prominent in his harem.[2][3] His particular favourite was one young girl he nicknamed "beautiful sow" or "Seductive Pig" (媚猪) (Mei Zhu or Mei Chu).[4] Liu doted on this young Persian woman,[5][6][7] who was also reportedly sixteen years old. The Persian girl was called a "princess".[8][9]

Liu liked the Persian girl (Mei Zhu) because of her brown skin color. He and the Persian girl also liked to forced young couples to go naked and played with them in the palace.[10][11]

The "rear palace" was where the Persian girls wand other women were kept, which was where they and Ch'ang engaged in intercourse.[12]

The Wu Tai Shï says that Liu Ch'ang [劉鋹, Emperor of the Southern Han dynasty reigning at Canton, about A.D. 970]. "was dallying with his palace girls and Persian [波斯] women in the inner apartments, and left the government of his state to the ministers."[13][14][15]

The History of the Five Dynasties (Wu Tai Shih) stated that- "Liu Chang then with his court- ladies and Po-ssu woman, indulged in amorous affiurs in the harem".[16]

Descriptions of the sexual activities between Liu Chang and the Persian woman in the Song dynasty book the "Ch'ing-i-lu" by T'ao Ku were so graphic that the "Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (the Oriental Library), Issue 2" refused to provide any quotes from it while discussing the subject.[17]

In addition to being in Liu's harem, Persian women lived in Canton for a large period from the 10th to the 12th century. Wearing many earrings was a fashion among them.[18][19][20]

Besides spending time with his Persian concubines, he also wasted much money on renovating his palaces.[21]

A female shamaness was also prominent at Liu Chang's court.[22][23]

He was the last Emperor of Southern Han, as his kingdom was defeated and taken over by the Song dynasty in 972. He reigned for a total of 14 years.[24]

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Original from the University of Michigan (63 At the foreign quarter, there lived of course many foreign women, and they were called by the Chinese Po-ssu-fu 波斯婦 (lit. Persian women),1'3 perhaps because most of them came from near the Persian Gulf.18) During the Five Dynasties 五代 (907-959), Liu Chang 劉鋹, king of the Nan-han 南漢, had in his harem a young Persian woman, whom he doted upon so much.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ HONG KONG BEFORE THE CHINESE THE FRAME, THE PUZZLE AND THE MISSING PIECES A lecture delivered on 18trh November 1963 by K. M. A. Barnett
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Original from the University of Michigan
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Original from the University of Michigan
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Original from the University of Michigan
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Original from Princeton University
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Original from the University of Virginia
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Original from the University of Michigan ()
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Original from the University of Michigan ()
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Original from the University of Michigan
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Original from Indiana University
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  •  This article incorporates text from Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 24, by Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North China Branch, Shanghai, China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. China Branch, Shanghai Literary and Scientific Society, a publication from 1890 now in the public domain in the United States.
  •  This article incorporates text from Journal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society for the year ..., Volumes 24-25, by Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. China Branch, a publication from 1890 now in the public domain in the United States.
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