London University (UK Parliament constituency)

London University
Former University constituency for the House of Commons
1868–1950
Number of members	one

London University was a university constituency electing one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, from 1868 to 1950.

Boundaries, electorate and history

This university constituency was created by the Reform Act 1867. The first election took place during the United Kingdom general election, 1868. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament, using the first past the post electoral system.

The constituency was not a physical area. Its electorate consisted of the graduates of the University of London. Before 1918 only male graduates qualified. From 1918 all graduates qualified, including women over thirty (reduced to twenty one when universal adult suffrage on equal terms was introduced before the United Kingdom general election, 1929).

The constituency was almost abolished in 1918. The original proposal of the Speaker's Conference, which considered electoral reform before the Representation of the People Act 1918 was enacted, was to combine all the English and Welsh universities except for Oxford and Cambridge into a three-member constituency. However, during consideration of the legislation it was agreed that London University should continue to return one member. The University of Wales was also given its own seat. The other universities, which were still to be combined, had their proposed representation reduced to two members. (Source: Pugh).

All the university constituencies were abolished in 1950, by the Representation of the People Act 1948.

Members of Parliament

This is a list of people who have represented this University in the Parliament of the United Kingdom between 1868 and 1950.

Election		Member	Party
	1868	Rt Hon. Robert Lowe 1	Liberal
	1880 by-election	Rt Hon. Sir John Lubbock, Bt 2	Liberal
	1886		Liberal Unionist
	1900 by-election	Sir Michael Foster	Liberal Unionist
	1903		Liberal
	1906	Sir Philip Magnus, Bt	Liberal Unionist
	1912		Conservative
	1918		Coalition Conservative
	1922	Sir Sydney Russell Russell-Wells 3	Conservative
	1924	Sir Ernest Gorden Graham Graham-Little 4	Independent
	1931		National Independent
	1950	Constituency abolished

Notes:-

• ¹ Lowe was elevated to the peerage as The 1st Viscount Sherbrooke.
• ² Lubbock was elevated to the peerage as The 1st Baron Avebury.
• ³ Russell-Wells died on 14 July 1924 – the seat was vacant at dissolution.
• ⁴ Graham-Little, as an Independent MP, supported the National Governments in office from 1931 until the formation of the wartime coalition in 1940. He also supported Winston Churchill's caretaker government in 1945 and his proposed continuation in office if he had won the 1945 election. Graham-Little is therefore classified as a National Independent MP from 1931.

Elections

General Elections, from 1918 when most constituencies polled on the same day, were on different polling days from territorial constituencies. The polls for university constituencies were open for five days.

Coalition Conservative is considered to be equivalent to Conservative, as is National Independent equivalent to Independent.

1860s – 1870s – 1880s – 1890s – 1900s – 1910s – 1920s – 1930s – 1940s

Elections in the 1860s

General Election 1868: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Rt Hon. Robert Lowe	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
Registered electors			1,160
	Liberal gain from new seat		Swing	N/A

• Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer

By-Election 21 December 1868: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Rt Hon. Robert Lowe	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1870s

General Election 1874: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Rt Hon. Robert Lowe	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
Registered electors			1,485
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1880s

General Election 1880: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Rt Hon. Robert Lowe	1,014	65.46	N/A
	Conservative	E. Charles	535	34.54	N/A
Majority			479	30.92	N/A
Turnout			1,549	79.56	N/A
Registered electors			1,947
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

• Elevation to the peerage as the 1st Viscount Sherbrooke

By-Election 3 June 1880: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Sir John Lubbock, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1885: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Sir John Lubbock, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

• Changed allegiance to the Liberal Unionist Party in 1886

General Election 1886: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Sir John Lubbock, Bt	1,314	71.80	N/A
	Liberal	F. Harrison	516	28.20	N/A
Majority			798	43.61	N/A
Turnout			1,830	70.96	N/A
Registered electors			2,579
	Liberal Unionist gain from Liberal		Swing	N/A

• Gain from the previous general election, hold from the change of allegiance

Elections in the 1890s

General Election 1892: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Rt Hon. Sir John Lubbock, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Liberal Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1895: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Rt Hon. Sir John Lubbock, Bt	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Liberal Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

• Elevation to the peerage as the 1st Baron Avebury

Elections in the 1900s

By-Election 6–10 February 1900: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Sir Michael Foster	1,271	46.73	N/A
	Liberal	Dr. William Job Collins	863	31.73	N/A
	Ind. Liberal Unionist	E.H. Busk	586	21.54	N/A
Majority			408	15.00	N/A
Turnout			2,720	61.78	N/A
Registered electors			4,403
	Liberal Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1900: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Sir Michael Foster	Unopposed	N/A	N/A
	Liberal Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

• Changed allegiance to the Liberal Party in 1903

General Election 1906: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Sir Philip Magnus, Bt	1,840	50.33	N/A
	Liberal	Sir Michael Foster	1,816	49.67	N/A
Majority			24	0.66	N/A
Turnout			3,656	70.15	N/A
Registered electors			5,212
	Liberal Unionist hold		Swing	N/A

• Hold from the previous general election, gain from Liberal from the change of allegiance

Elections in the 1910s

General Election January 1910: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Philip Magnus	2,625	57.65	+7.32
	Liberal	Joseph West Ridgeway	1,928	42.35	-7.32
Majority			697	15.31	+14.65
Turnout			4,553	75.01	+4.86
Registered electors			6,070
	Liberal Unionist hold		Swing	+7.32

• Swing from Liberal to Liberal Unionist

General Election December 1910: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal Unionist	Philip Magnus	2,579	58.14	+0.49
	Liberal	Victor Alexander Haden Horsley	1,857	41.86	-0.49
Majority			722	16.28	+0.97
Turnout			4,436	73.08	-1.93
Registered electors			6,070
	Liberal Unionist hold		Swing	+0.49

• Swing from Liberal to Liberal Unionist
• Changed allegiance to the Conservative Party on its merger with the Liberal Unionist Party in 1912

General Election 1918: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Coalition Conservative	Philip Magnus	2,810	41.56	-16.58
	Labour	Sidney James Webb	2,141	31.67	+31.67
	Independent	A. A. Somerville	885	13.09	+13.09
	Independent	Wilmot Herringham	715	10.58	+10.58
	Independent	C. L. Nordon	210	3.11	+3.11
Majority			669	9.89	-6.39
Turnout			6,761	69.01	-4.07
Registered electors			9,797
	Coalition Conservative gain from Liberal Unionist		Swing	N/A

• Notional gain from the previous general election, hold from the change of allegiance

Elections in the 1920s

Albert Pollard

General Election 1922: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Sir Sydney Russell Russell-Wells	3,833	51.52	+9.96
	Liberal	Prof. Albert Frederick Pollard	2,180	29.30	+29.30
	Labour	Herbert George Wells	1,427	19.18	-12.49
Majority			1,653	22.22	+12.33
Turnout			7,440	67.64	-1.37
Registered electors			11,000
	Conservative hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1923: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Conservative	Sir Sydney Russell Russell-Wells	4,037	50.15	-1.37
	Liberal	Prof. Albert Frederick Pollard	2,593	32.21	+2.91
	Labour	Herbert George Wells	1,420	17.64	-1.54
Majority			1,444	17.94	-4.28
Turnout			8,050	71.28	+3.64
Registered electors			11,293
	Conservative hold		Swing	-2.14

• Negative Swing from Conservative to Liberal
• Death – seat vacant on dissolution

General Election 1924: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Dr. Ernest Gorden Graham Graham-Little	3,202	37.06	+37.06
	Conservative	Sir J.R. Bradford	2,813	32.55	-17.60
	Liberal	Prof. Albert Frederick Pollard	1,539	17.81	-14.40
	Labour	Dr. F.G. Bushnell	1,087	12.58	-5.06
Majority			389	4.50	N/A
Turnout			8,641	72.03	+0.75
Registered electors			11,997
	Independent gain from Conservative		Swing	N/A

General Election 1929: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Ernest Gorden Graham Graham-Little	5,869	53.5	+16.4
	Liberal	Walter Thomas Layton	2,923	26.6	+8.8
	Unionist	Sir John William Gilbert	2,179	19.9	-12.7
Majority			2,946	26.8	+22.3
Turnout			10,971	70.5	-1.5
	Independent hold		Swing	n/a

Elections in the 1930s

General Election 1931: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National Independent	Sir Ernest Gorden Graham Graham-Little	8,461	72.97	+19.47
	Independent National	Maj Archibald G. Church	3,134	27.03	+27.03
Majority			5,327	45.94	+19.09
Turnout			11,595	70.27	-0.25
Registered electors			16,501
	National Independent hold		Swing	N/A

General Election 1935: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National Independent	Sir Ernest Gorden Graham Graham-Little	8,958	69.57	-3.40
	Labour	Sir Ralph Norman Angell	3,918	30.43	+30.43
Majority			5,040	39.14	-6.80
Turnout			12,876	71.74	+1.47
Registered electors			17,949
	National Independent hold		Swing	N/A

Elections in the 1940s

General Election 1945: London University

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National Independent	Sir Ernest Gorden Graham Graham-Little	7,618	50.49	-19.08
	Independent Progressive	Mrs Mary Danvers Stocks	7,469	49.51	+49.51
Majority			149	0.99	-38.15
Turnout			15,087	63.00	-8.74
Registered electors			23,948
	National Independent hold		Swing	N/A

• Constituency abolished (1950)

See also

• List of former United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies

References

• Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885–1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1977)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1974)
• British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press, revised edition 1977)
• Electoral Reform in War and Peace 1906–18, by Martin Pugh (Routledge & Kegan Paul 1978)
• Who's Who of British members of parliament: Volume I 1832–1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
• Who's Who of British members of parliament, Volume II 1886–1918, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1978)
• Who's Who of British members of parliament, Volume III 1919–1945, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1979)
• Who's Who of British members of parliament, Volume IV 1945–1979, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1981)
• Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "L" (part 3)