Lordship of Glamorgan

Lordship of Glamorgan
Arglwyddiaeth Morgannwg
Client state of the Kingdom of England
1091–1536
Arms of Gilbert de Clare
Location of Glamorgan Wales (1267–1277)   Lordships of the Marcher barons
Capital		Cardiff
Government		Lordship
Lord
•	1093–1107	Robert Fitzhamon
•	1217–1230	Gilbert de Clare
•	1509-1536	Henry VII of England
Historical era		Middle Ages
•	Conquered by Robert Fitzhamon	1091
•	Annexation by Henry VIII	1536
Preceded by Succeeded by Kingdom of Glywysing Kingdom of England
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The Lordship of Glamorgan was one of the most powerful and wealthy of the Welsh Marcher Lordships. The seat was Cardiff Castle. It was established by the conquest of Glamorgan from its native Welsh ruler, by the Anglo-Norman nobleman Robert FitzHamon, feudal baron of Gloucester, and his legendary followers the Twelve Knights of Glamorgan. The Anglo-Norman Lord of Glamorgan, like all Marcher lords, ruled his lands directly by his own law: thus he could, amongst other things, declare war, raise taxes, establish courts and markets and build castles as he wished, without reference to the Crown. These privileges were only lost under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. Though possessing many castles, the main seat of the Lordship was Cardiff Castle.

First Creation

• Robert Fitzhamon, the conqueror of Glamorgan (1093–1107)
• Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester (1118–1147)
• William Fitz Robert, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (1147–1183)
• Isabel, Countess of Gloucester (d. 1217) with:
  • John of England (1189–1214), however marriage annulled
  • Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex (after 1214–1217)

Second Creation

• Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, 1st Earl of Gloucester (1217–1230)
• Richard de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Gloucester (1230–1262)
• Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 3rd Earl of Gloucester (1262–1295)
• Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer (1297–1307) through marriage to Joan, the widow of the 6th Earl. Ceased on her death in 1307.
• Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford, 4th Earl of Gloucester (1307–1314)
• Eleanor de Clare (1292–1337)
  • Sir Hugh the younger Despenser and Eleanor his wife (1317–1326)
  • William la Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche and Eleanor his wife (1329–1338)

Third Creation

• Sir Hugh le Despencer, 2nd Baron le Despencer (1338–1349)
• Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer (1349–1375)
• Thomas le Despencer, 1st Earl of Gloucester (1375–1400)
• Richard le Despenser, 4th Baron Burghersh (c. 1400–1411)
• Isabel le Despenser (1422–1423)
  • Richard Beauchamp, 1st Earl of Worcester (1411–1422) and Isabel le Despenser
  • Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (1423–1439) and Isabel le Despenser

Fourth Creation

• Henry de Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick (1439–1445)

Fifth Creation

• Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (1449–1471) and Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick
• Isabella Neville and George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence (1471–1478)
• Richard III of England (1478–1485) and Anne Neville

Sixth Creation

• Jasper Tudor Duke of Bedford, (1485–1495)

Merged with English Crown

• Henry VII of England (1495–1509)
• Henry VIII of England (1509–1547)

Sources

• R. R. Davies, The Age of Conquest: Wales 1063–1415 (Oxford History of Wales, 2)
• T. B. Pugh, Glamorgan County History:The Middle Ages: The Marcher Lordships of Glamorgan and Morgannwg and Gower and Kilvey from the Norman Conquest to the Act of Union of England and Wales