Luisa de Guzmán

Luisa de Guzmán
File:Luisa Francisca de Guzmán y Medina Sidonia atribuible a Alonso Cano.png Portrait attributed to Alonzo Cano, 1632
Queen consort of Portugal and the Algarves
Tenure	1 December 1640 – 6 November 1656
Born	(1613-10-31)31 October 1613 Sanlúcar, Spain
Died	Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal
Spouse	John IV of Portugal
Issue	Teodósio, Prince of Brazil Joana, Princess of Beira Catherine, Queen of England Afonso VI, King of Portugal Peter II, King of Portugal
House	House of Medina Sidonia House of Braganza
Father	Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia
Mother	Juana Lorenza de Sandoval y La Cerda

Luisa Maria Francisca de Guzmán y Sandoval (Portuguese: Luísa Maria Francisca de Gusmão; 13 October 1613 – 27 February 1666) was a queen consort of Portugal. She was the spouse of King John IV, the first Braganza ruler, as well as the mother of two kings of Portugal (Afonso VI and Peter II) and a queen of England (Catherine of Braganza). She served as regent of Portugal from 1656.

Biography

Early life

File:Retrato da Rainha D. Luísa de Gusmão - Escola Peninsular, séc. XVII.png

Portrait of D. Luísa de Gusmão; Peninsular School, 17th century.

Luisa was Spanish by birth, the daughter of Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia, and Juana Lorenza Gomez de Sandoval y la Cerda. Her paternal grandfather was the renowned Alonso de Guzmán, "El Bueno". She married John in 1633.

Restoration War

Despite her Spanish roots, the ambitious Luisa guided her husband's policies during the Portuguese revolution against Habsburg Spain of 1640. She is considered the main influence behind his acceptance of the Portuguese throne when the Revolution seemed to tend to the Portuguese side. It is said that being warned of the dangers of becoming queen of a country that was to face Spain's might she pronounced the famous words:

Antes rainha um dia (in some versions uma hora) que duquesa toda a vida.

Rather queen for a day (in some versions an hour) than a duchess all my life.

When she was made aware of a failed attempt to murder the King in 1641, she is said to have been one of the members of the Corte, which supported the execution of nobles like the Duke of Caminha.

Regency

In 1656, she was named Regent of the Kingdom after her husband's death and during the minority of her son Afonso VI. She continued to occupy the post even after Afonso became an adult because her son was mentally unstable. She was the target of a failed conspiracy headed by Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa, Count of Castelo Melhor.

She defended the principles of freedom and independence of Portugal and controlled the government with a strong hand, fearing her son was incapable.

Luisa was mainly responsible for the diplomatic success of the new alliance with England. Her daughter Catherine married Charles II of England. She is also credited with the organization of the armies that in the following years would completely ensure Portuguese independence through the victories in the Portuguese Restoration War.

Issue

File:COA Luisa de Guzman.svg

Arms of Luísa de Guzmán, Queen of Portugal

1. Infante Teodósio, Prince of Brazil (8 February 1634 – 13 May 1653) died unmarried.
2. Ana of Braganza (21 January 1635) died at birth.
3. Infanta Joana, Princess of Beira (18 September 1635 – 17 November 1653) died unmarried.
4. Catherine of Braganza (25 November 1638 – 31 December 1705) married Charles II of England and had no surviving issue.
5. Manuel of Portugal (6 September 1640) died at birth.
6. Afonso VI of Portugal (21 August 1643 – 12 September 1683) married Maria Francisca of Savoy.
7. Pedro II of Portugal (26 April 1648 – 9 December 1706) married Maria Francisca of Savoy, had issue; married Maria Sophia of Neuburg and had issue.

Ancestry

Family of Luisa de Guzmán

16. Juan Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 6th Duke of Medina Sidonia               8. Juan Carlos Pérez de Guzmán, 9th Count of Niebla                       17. Ana de Aragón               4. Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia                             18. Francisco de Sotomayor, 5th Count of Belalcázar               9. Leonor de Sotomayor                       19. Teresa de Zúñiga, 3rd Duchess of Béjar               2. Juan Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 8th Duke of Medina Sidonia                                   20. Francisco da Silva, 4th Lord of Chamusca and Ulme               10. Rui Gomes da Silva, 1st Prince of Éboli                       21. Maria Telles de Menezes               5. Ana de Silva                             22. Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 1st Prince of Melito               11. Ana de Mendoza, 2nd Princess of Mélito                       23. Catalina de Silva               1. Luisa de Guzmán                                         24. Luis Gómez de Sandoval, 3rd Marquis de Denia               12. Francisco Gómez de Sandoval, 4th Marquis of Denia                       25. Catalina de Zúñiga               6. Francisco Gómez de Sandoval, 1st Duke of Lerma                             26. Saint Francis Borgia, 4th Duke of Gandía               13. Isabel de Borja                       27. Leonor de Castro               3. Juana de Sandoval                                   28. Juan de la Cerda, 2nd Duke of Medinaceli               14. Juan de la Cerda, 4th Duke of Medinaceli                       29. Maria de Silva               7. Catalina de la Cerda                             30. Sancho de Noronha, 3rd Count of Odemira               15. Joana de Noronha                       31. Angela Fabra y Centelles

External links

Royal titles
Preceded by Elisabeth of France	Queen consort of Portugal 1640–1656	Vacant Title next held by Maria Francisca of Savoy